• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.183-197
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to summarize tropical cyclone activity in 2007. 24 tropical cyclones of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2007. The total number is less than the thirty-year (1971~2000) average frequency of 26.7. Out of twenty four tropical cyclones, 14 TCs reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest 10 only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - four STS and six TS storms. The tropical cyclone season in 2007 began in April with the formation of KONG-REY (0701). From April to May, two TCs formed in the western North Pacific in response to enhanced convective activity there. From June to July, convective activity turned inactive over the sea around the Philippines and in the South China Sea, and the subtropical high was weak over the south of Japan. MAN-YI (0704) and USAGI (0705) moved northwestward and hit Japan, bringing serious damage to the country. After August, convective activity became enhanced over the sea east of the Philippines, and the subtropical high turned strong over the sea south of Japan. Many TCs, which formed over the sea east of the Philippines and in the South China Sea, moved westward and hit China and Vietnam. PABUK (0706), WUTIP (0707), SEPAT (0708), WIPHA (0712), LEKIMA (0714) and KROSA (0715) brought serious damage to some countries including China, the Philippines and Vietnam. On the other hand, FITOW (0709) and NARI (0711) moved northward, bringing serious damage to Japan and Korea. After HAIYAN (0716), all four TCs except FAXAI (0720) formed over the sea east of $140^{\circ}E$. Three typhoons among them affected Republic of Korea, MAN-YI (0704), USAGI (0705) and NARI (0711). Particularly, NARI (0711) moved northward and made landfall at Goheng Peninsula ($34.5^{\circ}N$, $127.4^{\circ}E$) in 1815 KST 16 September. Due to $11^{th}$ typhoon NARI, strong wind and record-breaking rainfall amount was observed in Jeju Island. It was reported that the daily precipitation was 420.0 mm at Jeju city, Jeju Island on 16 September the highest daily rainfall since Jeju began keeping records in 1927. This typhoon hit the southern part of the Korean peninsula and Jeju Island. 18 people lost their lives, 14,170 people were evacuated and US$ 1.6 billion property damage was occurred.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.1700-1705
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• 2009

In general, short term load forecasting is based on the periodical load pattern during a day or a week. Therefore, the conventional methods do not expose stable performance to every day during a year. Especially for anomalous weather conditions such as typhoons, the methods have a tendency to show the conspicuous accuracy deterioration. Furthermore, the tendency raises the reliability and stability problems of the conventional load forecast. In this study, a new load forecasting method is proposed in order to increase the accuracy of the forecast result in case of anomalous weather conditions such as typhoons. For irregular weather conditions, the sensitivity between temperature and daily load is used to improve the accuracy of the load forecast. The proposed method was tested with the actual load profiles during 14 years, which shows that the suggested scheme considerably improves the accuracy of the load forecast results.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.299-314
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to summarize tropical cyclone activity in 2006. Twenty three tropical cyclones of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2006. The total number is less than the thirty-year (1971~2000) average frequency of 26.7. Out of twenty three tropical cyclones, fifteen cyclones reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest eight cyclones only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - three STS and five TS storms. The tropical cyclone season in 2006 began in May with the formation of CHANCHU (0601). The convective activity was slightly inactive around the Philippines from late June to early August. In addition, subtropical high was more enhanced than normal over the south of Japan from May to early August. Consequently, most tropical cyclones formed over the sea east of the Philippines after late June, and many of them moved westwards to China. CHANCHU (0601), BILIS (0604), KAEMI (0605), PRAPIROON (0606) and SAOMI (0608) brought damage to China, the Philippines, and Vietnam. On the other hand, EWINIAR (0603) moved northwards and hit the Republic of Korea, causing damage to the country. From late August to early September, convective activity was temporarily inactive over the sea east of the Philippines. However, it turned active again after late September. Subtropical high was weak over the south of Japan after late August. Therefore, most tropical cyclones formed over the sea east of the Philippines and moved northwards. WUKONG (0610) and SHANSHAN (0613) hit Japan to bring damage to the country. On the other hand, XANGSANE (0615) and CIMARON (0619) moved westwards in the South China Sea, causing damage to the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Another special feature in 2006 tropical cyclone activity is that IOKE (0612) formed in the central North Pacific crossed 180 degree longitude and moved into the western North Pacific. It has been four years since HUKO (0224) in 2002.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.345-357
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• 2004

In the 1990s, four strong typhoons hit the Kyushu area of Japan and inflicted severe damage on power transmission facilities, houses, and so on. Maximum gust speeds exceeding 60 m/s were recorded in central Kyushu. Although the wind speeds were very high, the gust factors were over 2.0. No meteorological stations are located in mountainous areas, creating a deficiency of meteorological station data in the area where the towers were damaged. Since 1995 the authors have operated a network for wind measurement, NeWMeK, that measures wind speed and direction, covering these mountainous areas, segmenting the Kyushu area into high density arrays. Maximum gusts exceeding 70 m/s were measured at several NeWMeK sites when Typhoon Bart (1999) approached. The gust factors varied widely in southerly winds. The mean wind speeds increased due to effects of the local terrain, thus further increasing gust speeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2004

Typhoon "MAEMI", happened in September 2003, hit the great damage to Gyeongnam province area. Especially, rice plant was lodged or severe leaf damage was caused. This study was conducted to find out the extents of leaf damage among different rice cultivars, and to evaluate rice yield and eating quality due to leaf damage after typhoon. Rice cultivars torn off over half of the flag leaf length (FLL) were one medium-late maturing cultivar (Donginl), medium maturing cultivar (Yeonganbyeo), eight early maturing cultivars (Samcheonbyeo, Jounghwnbyeo, Munjangbyeo, Taebongbyeo, Odaebyeo, Samhaegbyeo, Sobaegbyeo, Sinunbongbyeo), two long-il type cultivars (Samgangbyeo, Namcheonbyeo), and three special use cultivars (Heukseonchalbyeo, Jinbuchalbyeo, Yangjobyeo). Cultivars torn off below 1/10 FLL were eight medium-late maturing cultivars (Chucheongbyeo, Daecheongbyeo, Saechu cheongbyeo, Donganbyeo, Daeyabyeo, Hwamyeongbyeo, 방eongsanbyeo, Dongjinbyeo) and two medium maturing cultivays (Donghaebyeo, Gumobyeo2). The rest cultivars were tore off by 1/10∼1/2 ELL. In yield components, the longer was flag leaf damage, the lower was ripened grain ratio, grain weight and brown/rough rice ratio, which was severly impacted to late than to ordinary season cultivation. However, rice yield did not decrease up to tearing by 1/10 ELL. Head rice ratio decreased from flag leaf tearing over 1/10 ELL in late season cultivation. The longer was flag leaf damage, the lower was eating quality, which could not show significantly different.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.327-331
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• 2007

23 tropical cyclones of tropical storm(TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2006. The total number is less than the 30-year $(1971{\sim}2000)$ average frequency of 26.7, Out of 23, 15 cyclones reached typhoon(TY) intensity, three severe tropical storm(STS) intensity, and five TS intensity. The tropical cyclone season in 2006 began in May with the formation of CHANCHU(0601). While convective activity was slightly inactive around the Philippines from late June to early August. In addition, subtropical high was more enhanced than normal over the south of Japan from May to early August. Consequently, most tropical cyclones formed over the sea east of the Philippines after late June, and many of them moved westwards to China. CHANCHU(0601), BILIS(0604), KAEMI(0605), PRAPIROON(0606) and SAOMI(0608) brought damage to China, the Philippines, and Vietnam. On the other hand, EWINIAR(0603) moved northwards and hit the Republic of Korea, causing damage to the country From late August to early September, convective activity was temporarily inactive over the sea east of the Philippines. However, it turned active again after late September. Subtropical high was weak over the south of Japan after late August. Therefore, most tropical cyclones formed over the sea east of the Philippines and moved northwards. WUKONG(0610) and SHANSHAN(0613) hit Japan to bring damage to the country. On the other hand, XANGSANE(0615) and CIMARON(0619) moved westwards in the South China Sea, causing damage to the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. In addition, IOKE(0612) was the first namded cyclone formed in the central North Pacific and moved westwards across longitude 180 degrees east after HUKO(0224).

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

Impacts of Typhoon Maemi on a soft-coral community located on subtidal cliff at Munseom, Jeju were investigated in this study using underwater photography. Typhoon Maemi hit Jeju Island in late September 2003 and its impact was strong enough to destruct most shallow water sessile benthos including soft corals. To estimate numbers and size of soft-coral colonies, a line transect was installed on the cliff at depth from 3 to 9 m and photographs were taken serially by every 1m. From each $1{\times}1m$ underwater photograph, species and size of soft-coral colony was determined. Number of soft-coral colony and its Percent coverage (PC) in each $1m^2$ quadrat was calculated. Soft corals Scleronephthya gracillium, Dendronephthya gigantea, D. spinulosa and D. castanea were identified from the photographs. Dendronephthya sp. was mainly distributed at 3-6m while S. gracillimum was mostly occurred at $6{sim}9m$. A survey conducted before the typhoon showed that number of the soft-coral colonies at $3{\sim}4m,\;4{\sim}5m,\;5{\sim}6m,\;6{\sim}7m,\;7{\sim}8m\;and\;8{\sim}9m$ was 17, 24, 20, 23, 18 and 30 $colonies/m^2$ or 21, 48, 36, 28, 24 and 43%, respectively. After the typhoon, number of soft-coral colonies in the transect increased, 31, 35, 21, 10, 21 and 50 $colonies/m^2$ while PC was remarkably decreased as 21, 23, 21, 5, 9 and 13%, respectively. Our data suggested that the impact was limited in larger colonies; larger soft coral colonies were selectively destroyed and removed while the small colonies underneath the larger colonies remained undestroyed.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2008

A new proposition on the definition of the tropical cyclone (TC) which influences the Korean Peninsula (KP) is presented. The definition is based upon the TC track and intensity, 34 wind swath considering the TC size, and the line of 200 nautical mile (NM) from the KP shore which is the boundary of the official warning of Korea Meteorological Administration. Four types are proposed. First type is TC that hits the KP inland. Second is TC that falls within the 200-NM boundary. Third type is TC that passes outside the 200-NM boundary but large enough to significantly influence the KP. Last, the cases for a TC which are downgraded to the midlatitude cyclone and hit the KP are included. 30-year reanalysis reveals that 21 tropical cyclones should be included in the TC list that influenced the KP during the period from 1977 to 2006, which corresponds to 3.93 TCs per year. Among them, number of type I, II, III and IV TCs turn are to be 36, 47, 10, and 16, respectively. The net increase found in the current reanalysis is 2, 5, 7, and 7 for each type.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 1983

In order to study the disaster of typhoons which hit the Korean peninsula a period of 22 years from 1959 through 1980 was covered to collect necessary data with respect to attack of typhoons and their damage. Centering around the Korean peninsula, typhoons which attacked between 1959 and 1980 were grouped according to their treking routes and damage for detailed analyses. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average annual damage of typhoons in the Korean peninsula was found to be 1.27 from June to September. The monthly distributions were found to be 53.6% in August, 28.6% in September and 14.2% in July. 2. About an half (56.4%) of the typhoons which hit the Korean peninsula passed through the western coast and 27.3% through the southern and 14.6% through the eastern. Typhoons of the we8tern coast were divided by their treking routes as 25.5% in CWE type (Jul., Aug., Sep.), 14.6% in WE type (Jul., Aug.), 16.3% in W type (Jul.). 3. The minimum SLP averaged 976.6mb and ordere:l by the treking routes as E$_1$$_1$ and CWE types are higher 20mb than S, E or WE types. 4. The Korean peninsula was damaged by all number of the typhoons in WE or S type, by a third at number of its in E or WE and WI type. 5. The annual probabilities of typhoon-disasters were 0.773 for once or more, 0. 409 for twice or more, and 0.091 for three times or more. Hearvy damage experienced in the Korean peninsula are found to have an annual. 6. Amount of the damage by the treking routes in ordered S>WE>CWE>E>W$_1$, and heavy storms experienced in the Xorean peninsula are found to have accompanied the WE and S types during the months of August and September. 7. The average annual damages were found to be 110 at the death-tall, 45, 000 at the sufferers and 10.5 billion at the property damage. 8. Seventy-sex percent of the all damage in the Korean peninsula distributed on the district from the 36th Parallel south and included Chie Ju island.