• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.112-118
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• 2000

In this paper, a hybrid UPC algorithm is proposed, which combines the representative Leaky Bucket UPC algorithm with the EWMA window algorithm in the ATM network and then its performance Is evaluated. The hybrid UPC algorithm is made up of Leaky Bucket and EWMA, which control the Peak bit rate and the mean bit rate, respectively. According to the result of the simulation using BONeS with the On/off traffic source model. it is revealed that the proposed UPC algorithm has superior performance to the existing Leaky Bucket UPC algorithm with regard to both the cell loss rate and the buffer size.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2004

The paper is devoted to present the Continuum Strong Discontinuity Approach (CSDA) and to examine its capabilities for modeling cracking of concrete. After introducing the main ingredients of the CSDA, an isotropic continuum damage model, which distinguishes tension and compression states, is used to implicitly induce a projected traction separation-law that rules the cracking phenomena. Criteria for onset and propagation of material failure and specific finite elements with embedded discontinuities are also briefly sketched. Finally, some representative numerical simulations of cracking, in plain and reinforced concrete specimens, using the CSDA are presented.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.258-270
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• 1992

It is indispensable to control the service traffic for maximizing the advantages of ATM. This paper introduces the scheme of the an ATM traffic control and investigates the UPC(Usage Parameter Control) algorithms of the ATM-traffic. We have extracted the considerations on UPC algorithms and described the definition of the performance. We also have searched the way to choose the most appropriate UPC method considering the UPC's environments. As a result, we proposed the reliable UPC method that is applicable to B-ISDN, based on the comparison of the performance and the implementation of each.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1382-1390
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 ATM 망에서 대표적 사용 파라미터 제어(UPC) 알고리즘인 리키버켓 알고리즘과 윈도우 알고리즘의 하나인 EWMA 알고리즘을 결합한 복합형 UPC 알고리즘을 제안하고 그 성능을 평가 분석하였다.제안된 알고리즘은 최대전송율을 제어하는 리키버켓과 평균전송율을 제어하는 EWMA를 병렬로 결합하여, 최대전송율과 평균전송율을 동시에 고려하였다. ON/OFF 트래픽 소스 모델을 적용, BONeS를 이용하여 모의실험한 결과 제안 알고리즘이 기존의 리키버켓 알고리즘에 비해 셀 손실율과 버퍼 크기면에서 우수한 성능을 나타냈다.Abstract In this paper, a hybrid UPC algorithm is proposed, which combines the representative Leaky Bucket UPC algorithm with the EWMA window algorithm in the ATM network and then its performance is evaluated. The hybrid UPC algorithm is made up of Leaky Bucket and EWMA, which control the peak bit rate and the mean bit rate, respectively. According to the result of the simulation using BONeS with the On/Off traffic source model, it is revealed that the proposed UPC algorithm has superior performance to the existing Leaky Bucket UPC algorithm with regard to both the cell loss rate and the buffer size.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.251-271
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• 1998

It is well known that if usage parameter control/network parameter control (UPC/NPC) functions are used together with a cell loss priority control scheme in ATM networks, the measurement phasing problem can occur. This makes it difficult for a network provider to define and commit the cell loss ratio as a QoS parameter. To solve the problem, we propose a new UPC/NPC algorithm. By using the proposed UPC/NPC algorithm, we can define the cell loss ratios for CLP = 0 and CLP = 0+1 cell streams without the measurement phasing problem under any conditions. We analyzed the performance of the proposed UPC/NPC algorithm. Using a discrete time model for the UPC/NPC architecture with a discrete-time semi-Markov process (DSMP) input model, we obtained the cell discarding probabilities of CLP = 0 and CLP = 0+1 cells streams and showed that more CLP = 0 cells are accepted compared to what was proposed in ITU-T.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.215-218
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• 2010

Azoles are currently the most widely used class of antifungal drugs clinically, and are effective for treating fungal infections. Target site of azoles is ergosterol biosynthesis in fungal cell membrane, which is absent in the mammalian host. However, the development of resistance to azole treatments in the fungal pathogen has become a significant challenge. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a UPC2 homolog in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. UPC2 plays roles in ergosterol biosynthesis, which is also affected by the availability of iron in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. C. neoformans mutants lacking UPC2 were constructed, and a number of phenotypic characteristics, including antifungal susceptibility and iron utilization, were analyzed. No differences were found between the mutant phenotypes and wild type, suggesting that the role of C. neoformans UPC2 homolog may be different from those in S. cerevisiae and C. albicans, and that the gene may have a yet unknown function.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.622-625
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• 2010

In this letter, we assess the scalability of a path computation flooding (PCF) approach to compute optimal end-to-end inter-domain paths in a path computation element-based multi-domain network. PCF yields a drastically reduced network blocking probability compared to a blind per-domain path computation but introduces significant network control overhead and path computation complexity. In view of this, we introduce and compare an alternative low overhead PCF (LoPCF) solution. From the obtained results, LoPCF leads to similar blocking probabilities to PCF while exhibiting around 50% path computation complexity and network control overhead reduction.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

Objective: Ulmi Pumilae Cortex (UPC) is a deciduous tree with uneven pinnate leaves and is classified as a subfamily of Ulmuceae and contains many pharmacologically active constituents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UPC on the growth and survival of AGS cells, the most common human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: The AGS cells were treated with varying concentrations of UPC. Analyses of the sub G1, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial depolarization were conducted to determine whether AGS cell death occured by apoptosis. Furthermore, to identify the role of the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 7 channels in AGS cell growth and survival, we used human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells overexpressed with TRPM7 channels. Results: The addition of UPC to a culture medium inhibited AGS cell growth and survival. Experimental results showed that the sub G1, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial depolarization were increased. Furthermore, TRPM7 channel overexpression in HEK 293 cells exacerbated UPC-induced cell death. Conclusion: These findings indicate that UPC inhibits the growth and survival of gastric cancer cells due to a blockade of the TRPM7 channel activity. Therefore, UPC is a potential drug for treatment of gastric cancer, and TRPM7 channels may play an important role in survival in cases of gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2005

In this paper, an improved User Parameter Control (UPC) algorithm is proposed for controlling traffic in ATM networks. The present algorithm consists of Cell Buffer, Red Token Pool, Green Token Pool, and Spacer. A token is generated at a certain time period, and the tokens are consumed one each time a cell arrives. At this time, if the delay element, named Spacer, is empty, the cell comes into the network. On the other hand, if Spacer is not empty, the cell cannot come into the network. In addition, in the case that tokens do not exist in Token Pool, the corresponding cell is thrown away The arbitrary function of the token used in this paper is removed. Instead, the token is used only to control network traffic. This research proposes new UPC Algorithm to improve the current cell delay rate and cell loss rate by dynamically adopting the delay element, named Spacer, with respect to the traffic condition, which is different from controlling that the cell comes into the network after a certain delay time period.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 1996

This paper proposes a new UPC(usage parameter control) mechanism that varies the token generation rate of leaky bucket by observing virtual buffer, thus achieving an improvement of performance. An acceptance of a call in B-ISDN is determined by call admission control. A UPC that polices the agreed traffic parameters of a call and takes appropriate actions to prevent congestion in networks. The cell loss probability of conventional UPC is far from that of ideal UPC. The proposed mechanism has a better policing ability and response time for nonconforming call. The proposed mechanism uses ON-OFF model as input traffic. The results of simulation show the efficiency of the proposed mechanism.