• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.67-92
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• 2015

This paper empirically analyses the effect of labor union on firm's profit rate in Korea. For this purpose a panel data set has been constructed for the period of 1990-2009 using "TS2000", and the data set has been subdivided into two: one is the 'non-variant group' in which firm's union status has not changed, and the other is 'variant group' in which firm's union status has changed from non-union to union during the sample period. It has been found that for 'non-variant group' there is no significant union effect on profit rate. However, for 'variant group' the presence of union has been found to decrease firm' profit rate in terms of return on equity.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.10
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• pp.324-370
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• 2004

This paper aims to research the historical development of the archival systems in the Soviet Union from 1917 to the 1920's. The Russian revolution was the turning point not only for the political and social changes but for the archival administration in Russia, as it provided the new Soviet regime with the chances to reorganize the archival institutions under Bolshevik rule. However, we must not forget the fact that the Russian Archival Workers' Union had taken part in the organization of the archival systems together with the Bolshevik revolutionaries. The Soviet government intended to transform the decentralized and poorly organized archival systems in the prerevolutionary years into the centralized and bureaucratized ones. In this meaning, the decree signed be V. I. Lenin on 1 June 1918 was estimated as the real basis for the Soviet archival centralization. Lenin's archival decree of 1918 encompassed the entire national documentary legacy, which was gradually extended to all types and categories of manuscripts and archival records by successive legislation. The concept of state proprietorship of all documentary records was designated "Single State Archival Fond"(Edinyi Gosudarstvennyi arkhivnyi fond), which was renamed as "Archival Fond of the Russian Federation" after the collapse of the USSR. The independent state administrative agency, that is, "Main Administration of Archival Affairs"(Glavnoe upravlenie arkhivnym delom) was charged with the management of the entire "Single State Archival Fond". While the Soviet Union reorganized its archival systems in the twenties, the archival institutions became under the severe control of the government. For example, M. N. Pokrovskii, the well-known Marxist historian and the political leader, headed the organizational work of archives in the Soviet Union, which resulted in the exclusion of the prerevolutionary specialists from the archival field in the Soviet Union. However, the discussions over the concept of "the Archival Fond" by B. I. Anfilov helped to develop the archival theories in the USSR in the twenties. In conclusion, the Soviet Union, having emphasized the centralization of the archives, developed its archival systems from the early period, which were the basis of the systematic archival institutions in Russia.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2021

Purpose: A retrograde intramedullary nail is commonly used to treat femoral shaft and distal femur fractures. The authors analyzed the treatment results and the factors affecting the period of bone union for thirty-five patients treated with a retrograde intramedullary nail. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients who could be followed up for more than twelve months after the treatment with retrograde intramedullary nailing were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment results and the relationship between the period of bone union and the patient's age, sex, comminution of fracture, presence of open fracture, location of the fracture, and accompanying fractures were evaluated. Results: The average bone union time was 4.50 months. The period of bone union was unaffected by the age, sex, location, and presence of open fractures but was affected by the presence of comminution and accompanying fractures. Conclusion: Retrograde intramedullary nailing is effective for distal and shaft of fractures of the femur. The period of bone union is affected by the presence of comminution and accompanying fractures.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.98-127
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide basic materials needed to enhance quality of organizational life by identifying the improvements of labor union management in the perspective of hospital organization management. The subjects of this study were 510 employees in 1 University Hospital and 3 General Hospitals in Metro Capital including Seoul. Materials were collected from administrators, nurses and medical technicians in target hospitals from April 26 to May 7, 2004 through survey questionnaires. The main results of this study were as follows: First, From the results of multiple regression analysis to identify major influencing factors of labor union commitment level, In University hospitals, males than females, and those who had senior officer posts in labor union showed higher positive correlation with the attitude of their colleagues. In general hospitals, those who had served in Union for shorter period showed higher commitment in union. Second, When looking into the major influencing factors on the level of commitment in labor union according to their jobs, male administrators showed higher positive correlation in the level of commitment in labor union and the relationship with union. Among nurses, those who had lower education level, those who had higher job satisfaction, those who had higher emotional attachment to their job, those who had better relationship with union and better satisfaction in union showed higher commitment level. In medical technicians, those who had higher emotional attachment to their job showed higher commitment level. To summarize study results, the level of commitment in labor union depends on job satisfaction, managers' attitudes, emotional attachment to their jobs, union satisfaction factors, their colleagues attitudes toward union and thee atmosphere of employer-employee relationship. Therefore hospital managers should have democratic and flexible attitudes toward labor union. Additionally, as job satisfaction is important determinant in union commitment, hospital managers should have countermeasures to enhance the job satisfaction level of hospital employees. Moreover, as managerial factors of the principal of hospital influence union commitment directly, the attitudes of hospital managers toward union and transparency of hospital management should be improved.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2008

People have used the manner of expression "clothing" to find out and to symbolize the styles that suits one's roles, behaviors or altitudes. Moreover, the symbolic meaning of clothing is important as it reflects the culture of a time period as well at the life style of each classes of society. In the aspect in which clothing is critical data to re-examine a time period as to trace history, clothing is significant for understanding the characteristics of each time periods, and by focusing on women's wedding dress, a costume worn for one of the most essential ceremonies in one's life, this article studies how trends of each period have been symbolized through clothing. Thus, this study aims to set a foundation to understand the cultural features of a time period through the wedding ceremony. The article inquires about the hwalot to also understand its meaning during the period of its existence, and develops designs for modern wedding dresses for women. I. The wedding dress of women expressed the following meanings by using shapes, colors and patterns of the hwalot. 1) The formative art of hwalot is the ultimate beauty. 2) The wedding dress of women emphasized aesthetics. 3) The symbols praying for harmony between red and indigo, or the union of yin and yang indicates that marriage had been considered as a precious ceremony-an important matter of life. 4) The meaning of good auspice such as health, longevity, immortality, good luck and stability had been frequently used since people sought for new and eternal life. 5) The symbols of wealth and fame have been frequently used by those pursuing a wealthy life. 6) Marriage was considered as a union of families, and not a union of two individuals. II. This article presents two types of modern wedding dresses.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2017

Background: Increased frequency of comminuted clavicle mid-shaft fractures and importance of functional satisfaction through early joint exercise has resulted in higher emphasis on surgical treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical radiological results of treatment of clavicle mid-shaft fractures by open reduction and internal fixation using a plate with a small incision. Methods: The subjects of this study were 80 clavicle mid-shaft fracture cases treated with internal fixation using a plate from October 2010 to July 2014. Clavicle mid-shaft fractures were internally fixated using anatomical plates or locking compression plates. Achievement of bone union, union period, and clavicle length shortening were evaluated radiologically, and clinical assessment was done by using Constant and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores. Results: All 80 cases were confirmed to have achieved bone union through radiographs with an average union period of 10.9 weeks (range: 7-18 weeks). The average clavicle length of shortening in the affected side was 1.8 mm (range: 0-17 mm). The average UCLA score and Constant score were 33.6 (range: 25-35) and 92.5 (range: 65-100), respectively. Regarding complications, four cases reported skin irritation by metal plates, and one case reported a screw insertion site fracture due to minor trauma history. Conclusions: We were able to induce successful bone union and obtain clinically satisfactory results in displaced mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle without major complications such as nonunion through treatment of internal fixation using a plate.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effect of a multi-component cessation program on bone union by comparing the union time between the experimental group and the control group. Methods: A non-equivalent control group posttest design was used. The subjects were 33 patients in the experimental group and 33 patients in the control group, 66 patients in total. The subjects of the experimental group were provided with a face-to-face multi-component smoking cessation program. After the discharge, telephone consultation was provided once a week for 10 weeks. Results: Bone union time was 51.6±10.9 days in the experimental group and 60.9±13.83 days in the control group (p=.003). Among 33 subjects who participated in the smoking cessation program, the average union period of the participants who succeeded in quitting smoking was 44.56 days, the participants who reduced smoking were 50.67 days, and failed to quit smoking group was 60.11 days (p=.006). Conclusion: This study indicated the importance of smoking cessation in patients with fracture and the decrease in the union time by providing smoking cessation education. If the multi-component smoking cessation program is used as a nursing intervention in clinical practice, it will be effective for bone union by increasing the smoking cessation rate of patients with fracture.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.191-222
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• 2010

Revisioned labour law was confirmed by vote of National Assembly on 1st January 2010. Under revisions labour law the necessity was expressed to reconstruct and change the relationship between labour and management in hospital. This study was described to investigate the operational statement of labour union in general hospital and to investigate how the labour policy would be change and which form would be appear in labour union in hospital. The survey results which was operated targeting labour managers in hospital were as follows ; first, in the possibility of plural labour unions establishment, university hospital labour managers forecasted the possibility as high. but non-university hospital labour managers forecasted the possibility as low. second, even though the plural union labours would be established in hospitals there would be no difficulties in collective bargaining between labour and management. third, the labour union activities would not be shrink even though there would be wage pay prohibition for the full-time union laboures. As the wage pay prohibition acted on the full-time union labours, countermeasures are required as follows; first, there is a possibility that there will be diversity in the form of full-time union labours. It is need to make the criterion of hospital about the limit of full-time labour union members. It is need to make the criterion of labour activities of non-working hour exception. It is need to cope with the diverse demands of labour union which aim to solve the financial burdens. As the plural labour unions are permitted it is need to make countermeasures as follows ; To analyze whether there is a possibility by the establishment of new labour to be plural labour unions. To establish the countermeasures in short-term aspect to make the countermeasures to cope with the establishment of plural labour unions. In long-term aspect to establish labour and management strategies. Henceforth, found on the revisions labour law, it is need to provide in hospitals as follows; first, it is need to prepare labour management policies and substitutes which suitable for plural labour union period. Second, it is need to determine concretely on the related matters of the union labours and to develop the conclusion guidelines which preparing infective criteria. Third, to examine the effects on the hospital organization by organizational forms of labour union which is weak in financial aspect.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.75-105
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• 2008

This paper examines the changes over lime in union relative wage effects during the period of 1988 and 2007. The union wage premium was 3.4 percent in average during the last 20 years. It has fallen in the boom years up to the mid-1990s, but has rapidly risen since the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Time series evidence suggests that the union wage premium is counter-cyclical, which means that it responds to economic conditions with a reverse direction. There has been also a fast increase in the unadjusted wage gap relative to regression-adjusted wage gap during the last 10 years in particular, implying favorable changes in the selection of workers into unionized companies.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the results of ankle lateral malleolar fractures classified as Danis-Weber type B accompanying osteoporosis that were treated with lag screw. Materials and Methods: 15 cases of Danis-Weber type B ankle lateral malleolar fractures that had T score of less than -2.5 in BMD(bone mineral density) test were selected from June 2003 to December 2005. 10 cases were males and 5 cases were females with mean age of 59 years. The main injury mechanism was supination and external rotation. Mean follow-up period was 16 months. Clinical and radiologic evaluation was done according to Meyer and Kumler's criteria. Results: All cases showed satisfying result and mean radiologic bone union period was 3 months. Anatomic reduction and bone union was acquired in all cases without complications including wound infection, skin necrosis, delayed union and nonunion Conclusions: Lag screw fixation seem to be excellent treatment of Danis-Weber type B lateral malleolar fractures with osteoporosis as it can minimize soft tissue injury and enable anatomic reduction with firm fixation.