• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.453-459
• /
• 2015

This paper aims to evaluate the results of acute toxicity testing with Daphnia mag$Na^+$ and Vibrio fischeri and characteristics of ionic substance of treated effluent which contained salt. Acute toxicity with Daphnia mag$Na^+$ and Vibrio fischeri and salinity of 19 samples (4 business categories) were a$Na^+$lysed. Salinity of effluent could explain the fluctuation of toxicity with D. mag$Na^+$ about 66% ~ 91% ($r^2=0.66{\sim}0.91$). The results of acute toxicity testing with V. fischeri of treated effluent (aggregate manufacture facilities) did not indicate toxicity (TU = 0), whereas that of chemical manufacture facilities indicated toxicity. V. fischeri, a candidate test organism, seemed suitable test organism for acute toxicity testing of effluent except high salinity (above 65‰ ~ 70‰) in aggregate manufacture facilities (nonmetalic minerals facilities). The performance of ion composition about treated effluent of surveyed facilities indicated that ion concentration of $Na^+$ (5,740 mg/L) and $Cl^-$ (9,727 mg/L) showed high level among 6 major ions ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $Cl^-$) in effluent of nonmetalic minerals facilities. In addition, Clion seemed to influence the D. magna survival rather than $Na^+$ ion.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2014

구제역 가축 매몰지 침출수(이하 구제역침출수)의 생태계 위해성 평가 기법을 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 도출하고자 구제역 가축 매몰지의 유공관 또는 관측정에서 채취한 시료에 대하여 이화학적 분석과 생태독성시험을 수행하였다. 이화학적 분석은 환경부 기준 구제역침출수 유출판별지표 항목 중 염소이온($Cl^-$)과 암모니아성질소($NH{_4}{^+}-N$)농도, 그리고 한국원자력연구원에서 제안한 구제역침출수 유출판별지표인 NRN(Ninhydrin-Reactive Nitrogen)농도를 분석하였고, 생태독성시험은 발광박테리아(V. fischeri), 담수미세녹조류(P. subcapitata), 그리고 물벼룩(D. magna)을 생물종으로 이용하여 수행하였다. 이화학적 분석 결과와 V. fischeri에 대한 독성영향과의 상관관계를 분석하여 상관도가 높은 구제역침출수 유출판별기준 인자를 도출하였고 회귀분석식을 이용하여 반수독성을 유발하는 지표항목의 농도를 산출하였으며 생태독성영향과 구제역침출수의 수계유출관리법과의 연계성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 구제역 가축 매몰지에 의한 생태계 위해성을 평가하고 향후 관리 기준을 설정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예측한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2005

A comparison of promoter fusions with the luxCDABE genes from Vibrio fischeri and Photorhabdus luminescens was made using promoters from several genes (katG, sodA, and pqi-5) of E. coli that are responsive to oxidative damage. The respective characteristics, such as the basal and maximum bioluminescence and the relative bioluminescence, were compared. E. coli strains carrying fusions of the promoters to P. luminescens lux showed higher basal and maximally induced bioluminescent levels than strains carrying the same promoter fused to the luxCDABE genes from V. fischeri. The sensitivities between the strains were similar, regardless of the luciferase used, but lower response ratios were seen from strains harboring the P. luminescens lux fusions. Furthermore, using the two katG::lux fusion strains, the bioluminescence from the P. luminescens lux fusion strain, DK1, was stable after reaching a maximum, while that of strain DPD2511 decreased very rapidly due to substrate limitation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.176-182
• /
• 1994

The light-organ symbiont of pine cone fish, Vibrio fischeri, senses its presence in the host and responds to environmental changes by differentially expressing its symbiosis-related luminescence genes. The V. fischeri luminescence genes are activated by LuxR protein in the presence of an autoinducer. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of luxR, a plasmid containing luxR was mutagenized in vitro with hydroxylamine and a luxR mutant plasmid was isolated by its ability to activate luminescence genes cloned in E. coli in the absence of the autoinducer. The specific base change identified by DNA sequencing was only single base transition at ＋78 from the transcriptional start of luxR. Based on a Western immunoblot analysis, the nucleotide change directed the synthesis of much higher level of LuxR protein without any amino acid substitutions. The results suggest that the region including the ＋78th base is presumably internal operator required for autorepression of luxR, and the increased cellular level of LuxR results in activation of luminescence genes by autoinducer independent fashion.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제99권1호
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 P-V 곡선법을 적용하여 곰취, 곤달비, 한대리곰취의 내건성 진단과 적지재배 환경의 구명을 위해 수행되었다. 최대팽압시 삼투포텐셜 ${\Psi}_{\circ}{^{sat}}$은 곰취와 곤달비가 -0.8MPa로 한대리곰취(-0.7 MPa)보다 낮았다. 초기원형질분리점의 삼투포텐셜 ${\Psi}_{\circ}{^{tlp}}$은 곰취와 곤달비가 -0.9 MPa로 한대리 곰취(-0.8MPa)보다 낮게 나타났다. 최대탄성계수 $E_{max}$는 곰취와 곤달비가 29 MPa로 한대리곰취의 14.5MPa 보다 약 2배 가량 높았다. 초기원형질분리점에서의 상대함수율은 곰취 95%, 곤달비 93%, 한대리곰취가 94%로 비슷한 값을 나타냈다. 따라서 곰취류는 비교적 내건성이 약하고, 함수율이 매우 높은 상태에서 초기원형질분리가 일어나므로 비교적 습윤한 지역이 생육에 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2014

The toxicity of heavy metals (Zn, Pb) and diesel, in single and binary solution was investigated using the photobacterium Vibrio fischeri (Microtox test) as a test organism. In this experiment, the concentration of water soluble fraction of diesel was based on the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). The toxicity of each single compound showed the following $EC_{50}$ (15min): Zn 1.90 mg/L, Pb 0.31 mg/L, TPH 2.09 mg/L. The observed toxicity of binary mixtures increased, depending on the concentration of the mixed substance. The effects were defined as synergistic, antagonistic, or additive, in accordance with the sign of difference between the predicted and observed toxicity at binary mixtures. The interactive effects between zinc and lead were synergistic, on the other hand, antagonistic and additive effects were found in each metal and TPH mixtures on the bioluminescence of V. fischeri.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.822-828
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 대표적인 유기인계 농약인 parathion을 대상으로 태양광의 조사 하에 $TiO_2$ 광촉매반응과 광반응에 의한 처리를 수행하였다. 실험의 결과 $TiO_2$ 광촉매반응이 광반응과 $TiO_2$ 흡착 조건에 비하여 효과적으로 parathion을 제거시켰다. 10 mg/L의 parathion은 90분 이내에 광촉매 반응으로 완전히 제거되었으며 반응시간 150분 후에 TOC는 약 63% 정도 감소되었다. 광촉매 반응에 의한 parathion의 분해에 따라, 질소 형태의 이온 부산물은 ${NO_2}^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, 그리고 ${NH_4}^+$가 발견이 되었고, 황은 ${SO_4}^{2-}$로 약 80%, 그리고 인은 ${PO_4}^{3-}$로 5% 이하로 회수되었다. 또한 parathion의 분해시 유기중간 생성물은 paraoxon과 4-nitrophenol 등이 측정되었으며, 이들 부산물들은 반응이 진행되어 가며 계속 분해됨을 보였다. 광촉매 반응과 광반응에 의하여 처리된 용액의 독성의 감소를 평가하기 위하여 두 가지 생물종인 V. fischeri와 D. magna를 이용하여 처리수의 급성 독성의 감소를 알아보았다. 두 가지 생물종 모두 광촉매반응 조건에서는 처리수의 상대독성이 초기에 비해 반응시간 150분 후에 거의 모두 감소되었고, 광반응 조건에서는 V. fischeri와 D. magna 각각에 대해서 76%와 57%의 상대독성 감소가 관찰되었다. Parathion과 TOC의 감소와 급성독성의 저감양상은 유사한 경향을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2018

This paper aims to evaluate the results of toxicity testing with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri on wastewater samples which might be influenced by ion imbalance. The effluents from factories were found to be more toxic with high salinity levels than those from public wastewater treatment plant (WTP) and sewage treatment plant (SWP). Clion composition was highest in the effluent, in terms of percentage, which was followed by $Na^+$, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Ca^{2+}$. $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ion was relatively low. The sensitivity of D. magna test results was higher than V. fischeri. Among samples which were proved by V. fischeri testing to be nontoxic, the composition ratio of each ion whether toxic samples or nontoxic samples which were decided by D. magna toxicity testing, were compared. $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ ion composition ratio showed high level in nontoxic samples whereas $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ ion composition ratio was high in toxic samples. Accordingly, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ ion seemed to be considered the ions causing toxicity in effluent. Toxicity from some categories of industries (Mining of non-metallic minerals, Manufacture of basic organic petrochemicals, Manufacture of other basic organic chemicals, Manufacture of other chemical products etc.) seemed to be influenced by salinity. The Ion concentration in influent and effluent were similar. Concentration of $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ ions were high in influent, however $Mg^{2+}$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ ions were high in effluent.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2017

This paper aimed to evaluate the test results of acute toxicity on effluent samples which were exempted from applying of ecotoxicity criteria. Total 316 effluent samples which were free from controlling of ecotoxicity regulation, were tested. Ratio of effluent samples which were exceeded the ecotoxicity criteria (TU > 1) indicated 23.7%. This ratio was a little bit higher than previous study (22.7%) on effluent samples which were controlled under ecotoxicity criteria. These results mean that our ecotoxicity management system is not appropriate and applying of ecotoxicity criteria to all effluent samples (82 industry categories) were needed in order to improve our ecotoxicity system. In addition, the same numeric criteria (TU 1 or 2) for all industry categories were proposed in consideration of these results. Ratio of effluent samples which exceeded the ecotoxicity criteria (TU > 1) with D. magna indicated 23.7%. However V. fischeri showed 14.6%. As a acute toxicity test organism, D. magna seemed to be more sensitive than V. fischeri. Ratio of samples which were exceeded TU 1 with D. magna by 24 h exposure period test indicated 35 %, whereas 48 h showed 41%.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2009

The photocatalysis degradation of simazine, s-triazine type herbicide was carried out using circulating photo reactor systems. In order to search for the effective method to mineralize this compound into environmentally compatible products, this study compared the removal efficiencies of simazine by changing various parameters. First, under the photocatalytic condition, simazine was more effectively degraded than by photolysis and $TiO_2$ only condition. With photocatalysis, 5 mg/l simazine was degraded to approximately 90% within 30 min, and completely degraded after 150 min. Ionic byproducts such as ${NO_2}^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, and $Cl^-$ were detected from the photocatalysis of simazine, however, the recoveries were poor, indicating the presence of organic intermediates rather than the mineralization of simazine during photocatalysis. Two bioassays using V. fischeri and D. magna were employed to measure the toxicity reduction in the reaction solutions treated by both photocatalysis and photolysis. Simazine and its photocatalysis treated water did not exert any significant toxicity to V. fischeri, marine bacterium. However, the acute toxicity test using D. magna indicates that initial acute toxicity ($EC_{50}$ = 57.30%) was completely reduced ($EC_{50}$ = 100%) after 150 min under both photocatalysis and photoysis of simazine. This results indicates that photocatalysis and photolysis of simazine reduced the acute toxicity through mineralization.