• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.646-652
• /
• 2017

In order to clarify an availability of water treatment for persimmon extract dyeing, effect of color developing by water treatment process on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon extract was investigated. Dyed fabrics were dipped still water and circulation water in various temperature. Concerning water color developing, still water color developing and circulation water color developing have been examined, and the temperature of water has been apprehended to prepare an effective basis of water color development. The surface color based on circulation water color development displays low values of $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$, and the range of the c value(Munsell chroma) is narrow and has the value of 2 to 3, thus displays the coloration of a dark tone. The effect of temperature in water color development was insignificant, due to the small difference in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$. At $80^{\circ}C$, remarkable color development manifested, which is evidence of the high influence of temperature. The effects of circulation were clear at low temperatures, and the effects of temperature highly manifested at high temperatures. Circulation water color development display great color development at all temperatures to allow industrial color development with the absence of sunlight, thereby having an effect of energy reduction and developing color in dark tones, however this also is a strength of persimmon extract concerning color diversification, and is judged to have great value of industrial and practical application.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was the development of a digital water color measurement system using a CCD optical device. Photographs of the standard medium of Forel and Ule water color scales in the laboratory, and one of sea surface above a Secchi disc (Z=SD/2) immersed in seawater were taken. The colors of these pictures were estimated with the value of CIE $L^*a^*b^*$. Water color assessment was conducted with a digital photo-image. In the case of the Forel scale (No. 1-11), the $b^*$ value was so high that the water color number was large. In the Ule scale (No.11-21), the $a^*$ value became high, which is why the number on the water color scale was large. The color of these pictures showed that the $a^*$ value in the Forel scale and the $b^*$ value in the Ule scale increase with the increase of the F value. The $a^*$ value of seawater color was always lower than the one on the Forel and Ule water color scales. This indicates that the color of the scales differs from actual seawater color. It was concluded that water color number can more effectively be assessed by estimating the ${\Delta}Eab^*$ color difference between the water scales and actual seawater color.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2015

This study comparatively analyzed thermal characteristics of the green color, which is currently used the most, and other various colors of a rooftop urethane water proofing sheet. This study also analyzed the cooling performance by color of the water proofing sheet that fused cooling paints, and presented the effective water proofing sheet color for building energy savings. The experimental results are as follows: (1) The value of L (brightness) diminished, and brilliance also became lower from the white color to the black color, and thus, it was confirmed that relatively more heat was absorbed. In a and b chromaticity, which is the color attribute that ignores brightness, no special relationship was identified. (2) Considering that the cooling performance effect is bigger in summer than winter, due to heat reflection, the white water proofing sheet is more effective in building energy savings than the green water proofing sheet that is currently used the most. (3) The water proofing sheet's color has an impact more on cooling performance than the color of the background side of a structure on which water proofing sheet is installed. The experiment object of gray, of which background side is similar to cement mortar, was lower by $5.7^{\circ}C$ than the white background side.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제56권6호
• /
• pp.923-929
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the optical characterization of water types based on Jerlov's classification, employing the CIE colorimetric system. Digital visualization techniques were applied to articulate watercolor manifestations intuitively. The L^* luminance parameter exhibited a discernible reduction from optical water type I III and from type 1 to 9, registering a range between 66 and 84. Analysis of color attributes in each optical water type revealed that in the transition from type I to III, the color a^* values spanned from -7.43 to -8.32, while color b^* values ranged from -2.97 to -3.33. a^* values for optical water types 1 to 9 varied between -6.28 and -10.50, with corresponding b^* values ranging from -2.51 to -4.20. Consequently, optical water type I, IA, IB, II, and III were discretely categorized by independent color values, as were optical water types 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The digitized representation of watercolor in this inquiry facilitated comprehensive information asso,o;atopm. The study highlights limitations in Jerlov's classification for representing watercolors in different ocean conditions. It emphasized the need to collect color data from various marine areas and formulate a novel color standard or method for comparing colors.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 1968

The distributions of average water color and the transparency in the seas around Korea show two patterns: the one is the East Sea and the South Ses, the other is the Yellow Sea. In the East Sea and the South Sea, the water colors C$\sub$E/ in Forel scales change from green to greenish blue with distance x in miles from the seashore, an average color is bluish green, 3.7 in Forel scales, and the relationship is given by C$\sub$E/ = 5e$\^$-0.056.root.x; an average transparency is 15m and the transparency T$\sub$E/ shows following formula with distance x, E$\sub$E/=0.9.root.x+10. In the Yellow Sea, the water color C$\sub$Y/ changes from green yellow to bluish green with distance, an average color is light green, 5.6 in Forel scales, and the relationship is given by C$\sub$Y/= 8.5e$\^$-0.086.root.x; an average transparency is 7m, the farther it is from the seashore, the deeper transparency T$\sub$Y/ is as following, T$\sub$Y/=1.2 .root.x+1. Along the seashore, the transparency T$\sub$Y/ is only 10% that of the East Sea and the South Sea. The distributions of the water color and the transparency by depth change in values within the continental shelf. The water color in Forel scales decreases with the distance from the seashore and depth; the transparency increases with the distance and depth. They are caused by suspended particles, especially suspended clay, and it is the major factor in the change in color and transparency, particularly in the Yellow Sea. In September, the sea water is the clearest in the seas around Korea, transparency shows the maximum and water color the minimum in forel scales. The water color shows green yellow when transparency is 1m, green at 10m, and greenish blue at 20m. the relationship between the water color and the transparency shows an exponential distribution as following, C=9e$\^$-kT/, k=0.0625m$\^$-1/. This formula agrees with calculated formulas between the water color and the transparency from the emprircal formulas C$\sub$E/ and T$\sub$E/, C$\sub$Y/ and T$\sub$Y.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.187-202
• /
• 2023

This study focuses on the application of a new measurement method that quantifies the residual color of filtered water using a spectrocolorimeter after filtering the discolored substances. It was confirmed through the color and turbidity cross-test that the discolored substances cannot be measured effectively with the current legal color and turbidity test method. Therefore, the National Institute of Environmental Research's filter testing method, which involves filtering the sample through 0.45 ㎛ filter and visually inspecting the color, was improved. A membrane filter colorimetry (MFC) method was established by measuring the color difference (ΔE*ab(65)) of the filtered filter using a spectrophotometer and expressing it as filter color unit (FCU). Using the MFC method, the FCU for reference materials such as iron and manganese, as well as field samples, was measured. The results showed a high correlation with turbidity, and the color difference patterns varied depending on the type of reference materials and field samples. This indicates that the MFC method is an effective new measurement method of discolored tap water.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.822-826
• /
• 2008

The data for application of mordanting is shown in this experiment by researching dying properties of iron-dye process and concentration changes using persimmon. The strength of persimmon-dying fabrics was controlled by diluting persimmon dye with water and iron mordanting showed the possibility of textile design. The experiments were performed with various conditions processed with iron mordanting liquid by adding water to persimmon-dying liquid and drying well. The most dark color of fabric is observed with the pure persimmon dying without adding water. As the adding water is increased, the color of the fabric is getting lighter with the amount of adding water. After process of iron mordanting, dark color of the fabric turns into dark grey and light color turns into light grey. The possibility of persimmon dying with fabric can be applied in the design of textile with deepened color.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 흙의 디지털 이미지로부터 획득된 토색을 기반으로 함수비를 예측하기 위한 기초단계로서 수행되었다. 서로 다른 다섯 가지 함수비로 조성된 주문진표준사 시료를 대상으로 광조건을 아홉 번 씩 바꿔가며 디지털 이미지를 촬영했다. 디지털 이미지 프로세싱을 통해 촬영된 시료의 토색을 CIELAB 색 표시계를 기반으로 획득하고, 광조건과 함수비에 따른 토색 변화를 분석했다. 그 결과, 불포화토의 토색 L^* 값은 조명의 조도와 높은 상관성을 보였고 a^*와 b^* 값은 조명의 색온도와 높은 상관성을 보였다. 또한 함수비가 증가하면 토색의 밝기를 나타내는 L^*가 감소하고, a^*와 b^*는 증가하여 토색이 초록과 파랑에서 멀어지고 빨강과 노랑에 가까워졌다. 광조건 및 함수비와 토색의 회귀분석 결과를 종합해 불규칙한 광조건에서 촬영된 실리카 계열의 모래의 토색을 기반으로 함수비를 예측하는 방법을 제안했으며, 제안된 방법을 통해 최대 오차 0.29% 수준으로 함수비를 예측할 수 있음을 확인했다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.607-614
• /
• 2015

일반적으로 건축물의 마감은 기본적인 발수성을 가진 수성페인트 마감으로 이루어진다. 이는 건축물 외벽에 작업시 적용하기 쉬우며, 건축물 유지 또한 쉬워 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 자외선으로 인해 변색 또는 열화 되기 쉬워 그 효과는 기대에 미치지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 외부 표면마감 재료로서 발수제를 직접 혼입한 수성페인트의 색 변화를 통한 내구성능을 분석하여 실제 현장에 적용하기 위한 실용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 촉진 시간에 따른 색 변화 및 색차를 측정하였으며, 적용가능성은 실험결과를 토대로 평가하였다. 색차, 명도 및 색도의 변화량을 실험결과에 따라 종합적으로 고려해 볼 때 본 연구에서 제안한 발수제를 혼입한 수성페인트 마감공법(혼입율 2, 5, 8%)은 충분히 사용 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 이는 건축물의 외부 표면을 수성페인트로 칠한 후 추가로 발수제를 도포하는 등의 기존 표면 마감방법에 비해 공사내용이 간편하며 시공성도 양호하여 폭넓은 활용이 기대된다. 또한 실제 현장에서는 원하는 색상으로 필요한 양만큼 제조하여 사용할 수 있으며, 전문 인력이 필요하지 않아 손쉽게 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.278-287
• /
• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the color stability, water sorption and cytotoxicity of thermoplastic acrylic resin for the non-metal clasp dentures to those of thermoplastic polyamide and conventional heat-polymerized denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three types of denture base resin, which are conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Paladent 20), thermoplastic polyamide resin (Bio Tone), thermoplastic acrylic resin (Acrytone) were used as materials for this study. One hundred five specimens were fabricated. For the color stability test, specimens were immersed in the coffee and green tee for 1 and 8 weeks. Color change was measured by spectrometer. Water sorption was tested after 1 and 8 weeks immersion in the water. For the test of cytotoxicity, cell viability assay was measured and cell attachment was analyzed by FE-SEM. RESULTS. All types of denture base resin showed color changes after 1 and 8 weeks immersion. However, there was no significant difference between denture base resins. All specimens showed significant color changes in the coffee than green tee. In water sorption test, thermoplastic acrylic resin showed lower values than conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin and thermoplastic polyamide resin. Three types of denture base showed low cytotoxicity in cell viability assay. Thermoplastic acrylic resin showed the similar cell attachment but more stable attachment than conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin. CONCLUSION. Thermoplastic acrylic resin for the non-metal clasp denture showed acceptable color stability, water sorption and cytotoxicity. To verify the long stability in the mouth, additional in vitro studies are needed.