• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2015

An unmanned aerial photography method by using an unmanned helicopter is useful method for measuring of the water-entry traces of small falling objects into the sea. Pixel sizes on the aerial photograph may be too large due to a limit of camcorder resolution and a wide shooting area. If the pixel size is too large, identification of water-entry trace is impossible. Thus an accurate prediction of water-entry trace size is required. The traces of water-entry could be classified into three types such as splash, water column, and bubble. Diameters of each trace are predicted by water-entry impact pressure theories, cavity theories, and trial test results. The results are verified by drop tests using an unmanned helicopter at two water-entry speeds. As a result, prediction and test results showed sufficient similarity to evaluate the identifiability of water-entry trace.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1026-1033
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• 2010

The analysis of water-entry impact forces acting on the fin shaft of high speed water-entry body is described. During the entry of high speed body into water, the physical phenomenon and flow properties are analyzed. A proper analysis model is established and the method to estimate the flow force which causes impact torque at the fin shaft is described. It is assumed that the fin shaft is damaged by the force which is induced by contacting with cavity wall. The pressure distribution of fin and the maximum torque are estimated and compared with breaking force. Conclusively, it is hard to resist water-entry impact force in terms of the reinforcement of fin shaft. Additionally safe equipment is essentially required.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.562-568
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• 2000

The pressure in a water-entry induced cavity, is analyzed up to the closed cavity (bubble). Water-entry is a highly transient phenomenon, and the evolution of the water-entry cavity must be explained by considering the entry speed, shape of the solid body, atmosphere pressure, and cavity pressure as the primary variables. This work is an extension of the cavity dynamics model recently reported by Lee (l997a). To extend the model for a wide range of entry speeds the cavity pressure is calculated from a one-dimensional quasi-steady flow model. The estimation of the cavity pressure allows us to explain the experimentally observed surface closure phenomena at low entry speeds. Predictions for the time of surface closure are compared with the published experimental data.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.223-246
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• 2018

In this paper the results of CFD simulations, that were carried out to study the impact pressures acting on a symmetric wedge during water entry under the influence of gravity, are presented. The simulations were done using a solver implementing finite volume discretization and using the VOF scheme to keep track of the free surface during water entry. The parameters such as pressure on impact, displacement, velocity, acceleration and net hydrodynamic forces, etc., which govern the water entry process are monitored during the initial stage of water entry. In addition, the results of the complete water entry process of wedges covering the initial stage where the impact pressure reaches its maximum as well as the late stage that covers the rebound process of the buoyant wedge are presented. The study was conducted for a few touchdown velocities to understand its influence on the water entry phenomenon. The simulation results are compared with the experimental measurements available in the literature with good accuracy. The various computational parameters (e.g., mesh size, time step, solver, etc.) that are necessary for accurate prediction of impact pressures, as well as the entry-exit trajectory, are discussed.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

The numerical methodology for computing tile impact forces and water entry behaviors of high speed water entry bodies was been developed. Since the present method assumed the impact occurs within a very short time interval. the viscous effects do not have enough time to play a significant role in the impact forces, that is, the flow around a water-entry object was assumed as an incompressible potential flow and is solved by the source panel method. The elements fully submerged into the water are routinely treated, but the elements intersected by the effective planar free surface are redefined and reorganized to be amenable to the source panel method. To validate the present code, it was applied to disk, cone and ogive model and compared with experimental data. Good agreement was obtained. The water entry behavior such as the bouncing phenomena from the free surface was also simulated using the impact forces and two degree of freedom dynamic equation. Physically acceptable results were obtained.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.30-37
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• 2007

In this paper, Water Entry Point Selection Algorithm(WEPSA) for selecting an optimal Water Entry Point of anti-submarine missiles which maximizes Detection Probability about a given target was investigated. WEPSA is a method which decides the position of an optimal Water Entry Point with calculating the target Detection Probability of a torpedo in the whole domain which centered by the target, performing the Monte-Carlo Simulations which include errors for the target informations and for weapon delivery. We can decide an optimal Water Entry Point of anti-submarine missiles which maximizes Detection Probability about a given target with WEPSA, if we get target informations about target range, target bearing, target speed and target course from Combat Systems.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.450-465
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• 2021

In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the water-entry characteristics of the high-speed parallel projectile numerically. The shear stress transport k-𝜔 turbulence model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes method were used. The grid independent inspection and grid convergence index is carried out and verified. The influences of the parallel water-entry on flow filed characteristics, trajectory stability and drag reduction performance for different values of initial water-entry speed (𝜈₀ = 280 m/s, 340 m/s, 400 m/s) and clearance between the parallel projectiles (L_p = 0.5D, 1.0D, 2.0D, 3.0D) are presented and analyzed in detail. Under the condition of the parallel water-entry, it can be found that due to the intense interference between the parallel projectiles, the distribution of cavity is non-uniform and part of the projectile is exposed to water, resulting in the destruction of the cavity structure and the decline of trajectory stability. In addition, the parallel projectile suffers more severe lateral force that separates the two projectiles. The drag reduction performance is impacted and the velocity attenuation is accelerated as the clearance between the parallel projectiles reduces.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.191-195
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• 2009

A parametric study for for the water entry of a two dimensional symmetric wedge with deadrise angle of 10 degrees was carried out to find out the most dominant parameter. Water entry problem with constant velocity is simplified as the stationary wedge in the way of the upcoming water surface. The calculated impact loads showed that the effect of the viscosity was not so important in this problem. For a given grid system a suitable time step size can be found. The most sensitive parameter was found to be the grid size.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.482-494
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• 2019

In this paper, the oblique water-entry impact of a vehicle with a disk cavitator is studied experimentally and numerically. The effectiveness and accuracy of the numerical simulation are verified quantitatively by the experiments in this paper and the data available in the literature. Then, the numerical model is used to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics and flow patterns of the vehicle under different entry conditions, and the axial force is found to be an important parameter. The influences of entry angle, entry speed and cavitator area on the axial force are studied. The variation law of the force coefficient and the dimensionless penetration distance at the peak of the axial force are revealed. The research conclusions are beneficial to engineering calculations on the impact force of a vehicle with a disk cavitator over a wide range of water-entry parameters.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2023

In the present study, the dynamic behavior characteristics of an amphibious assault vehicle during water entry were analyzed using STAR-CCM+, a commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code. All computations were performed using an overset mesh system and a RANS based flow-solver coupled with dynamic fluid-body interaction(DFBI) solver for simulating three degrees of freedom motion. For numerical validation of the solver, a water entry simulation of inclined circular cylinder was conducted and it was compared between an existing experiment data and CFD results. The pitch angle variation and the trajectory of the circular cylinder during water entry shows good agreement with previous experimental and numerical studies. For the water entry simulations of the amphibious assault vehicle, the analysis of dynamic behaviors of the amphibious assault vehicle with different slope angles, submerged depths and initial velocities were conducted. It is confirmed that the steep slope angle increases the submerged volume of the amphibious assault vehicle, so the buoyancy acting on the vehicle is increased and the moved distance for the re-flotation is decreased. It is also revealed that the submerged volume is increased, bow-up phenomenon occur earlier.