• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze factors that enhance growth effect after the administration of Boyangsungjang-Tang (補陽成長湯) to children and adolescents. Methods This clinical study has been carried out with 112 children and adolescents, who visited one University Oriental Medicine Hospital Pediatric department, from January 2009 to December 2010. They were treated on height-growth with Boyangsungjang-Tang (補陽成長湯). We used modified-intend to treat analysis to examine children who had their height and weight records six months after the treatment. We use PASW Statistics 18.0 to analyze what factors (Height percentile, Weight percentile, Age, Birth weight, Frequency of taking Medicine, Period of Treatment) enhanced the growth by using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis. Results The mean value of the height percentile were significantly increased, $2.83{\pm}10.04$ ($36.61{\pm}27.02$ to $39.44{\pm}26.89$, P=0.004). The height percentile difference has significantly correlated with weight percentile (P<0.001) and height percentile (P<0.05). Weight less than 50 percentile (P<0.05), and treatment period more than 15 months (P<0.05) had significant impact on the height percentile differences. Conclusions If we have treated more than 15 months of Boyangsungjang-Tang (補陽成長湯) to children and adolescents whose weight are less than 50 percentile, we would have expected their height percentile to increase as $5.72{\pm}10.64$.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current growth via Growth indices, Obesity indices, Metabolic risk factors of Multicultural Families' Children in Dae-jeon area. Methods 5 to 12 year old children from 56 multicultural families were enrolled in this study, and were examined their bone age and body composition, and have received blood tests. Results 1. In Growth indices, average height percentile was $53.64{\pm}25.59%$. The AHP and MPH respectively, were converted into 20 years old adult height percentile, AHP of a girls was 40 percentile and MPH was 19 percentile, AHP of boys was 57 percentile and MPH was 21 percentile. 2. In Obesity indices, average of BMI pecentile was $44.16{\pm}29.52$; low-weight group (6 boys, 4 girls), normal-weight group (20 boys, 18 girls), over-weight group (8 girls). Average PWH was $100.51{\pm}15.66%$; low-weight group (9 boys, 5 girls), normal-weight group (14 boys, 15 girls), over-weight group (3 boys, 5 girls), obesity group (5 girls). 3. The results of the relationship between Growth indices and Obesity indices, 1) As RH percentile in boys was increased, skeletal maturity, AHP and AHP-MPH were also increased. Similarly, as RH percentile in girls was increased, skeletal maturity, AHP and AHP-MPH were also increased. 2) As skeletal maturity in boys was increased, BMI percentile was also increased. As skeletal maturity in girls was increased, AHP-MPH was decreased but had no significant differences. Conclusions Current growth of children in multicultural families was above the average when compared to that of average children in the same age. It was predicted that the boys' height were still above the average adult height, but the girls' height were below the average. Also this study showed that girls were more prone to be overweight than boys, thus requiring more intensive management and training in regards to eating habits and exercise.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the herbal medicine in children's growth. Methods: 67 of the children in the age from 3 to 16 were participated in this study(31 of boys and 36 of girls). Department of the pediatrics, $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ university oriental medical hospital, and the participants were measured their body composition and their bone age, the height percentile of the first and the last visit were measured, and those were compared by the Korean Association of Pediatrics' Growth Statistics Curve. Results: 1. Generally, total children's average height and weight were significantly increased after the herbal medical treatment. The comparison between the height and the average height, the weight and the average weight were significantly decreased after the herbal medical treatment. 2. Total children's average soft lean mass, body fat mass, BMI, basal metabolic rate, abdominal circumference and hip circumference were also significantly increased after the herbal medical treatment. 3. The mean height percentile of the children showed 0.88 percentile upwardly. The mean weight percentile of children showed 1.84 percentile upwardly. 4. The height percentile was increased in the group of boys younger than 13, and a group of girls older than 12 year old. Other than a group of boys older than 14, every group showed increasing weight percentile. Conclusions: The herbal medical treatment helped children with growth retardation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

Purpose: Height-specific blood pressure (BP) is the standard parameter used to diagnose childhood hypertension. However, there has been some argument that weight may be a better variable than height in the reference BP standards. Therefore, before assessing the BP status using the reference BP standards, a basic understanding of the fundamental association of weight and height with BP is required. Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the correlation of BP with height and weight in Korean adolescents (age, 10-19 years), using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2009-2011). Results: Systolic BP (SBP) was more closely correlated with weight than with height in the normal weight (body mass index [BMI], ${\leq}85th$ percentile) and overweight (BMI, >85th percentile) groups and in the normal waist circumference (WC, ${\leq}90th$ percentile) and high WC (>90th percentile) groups in both sexes. Diastolic BP (DBP) had a higher correlation with height than with weight in the normal weight and normal WC groups, whereas weight was more closely associated with DBP than height in the overweight and high WC groups in both boys and girls. Conclusion: In Korean adolescents, weight had a greater effect on SBP than height in both the normal weight and overweight groups. DBP was mainly affected by height in the normal weight group, whereas weight was the major determinant of DBP in the overweight group. Therefore, it may be necessary to consider weight in the establishment of reference BP standards.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.832-839
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to survey the prevalence of obesity assessed on the basis of height and weight among students in primary and secondary schools in the metropolitan area of Seoul, Korea during the period of 1979 to 1996. The major findings are as follows ; 1) The fiftieth percentile values of BMI have increased more in mid-ranged age group than upper(16-17 years old) and lower(6-7 years old) ranged age groups. 2) The prevalence of obesity by standard weight of height was higher among male students than female students and students in the primary schools showed higher weight increase than adolescent age(12-17 years old) group. As a whole, the prevalence of obesity over last 18 years has increased 4.6 times in males and 3.2 times in females. 3) Judged on the basis of the BMI 90th, 95th percentile values of 1979 , the prevalence of obesity among male students showed higher increases than among female students. Higher increase was also observed among primary school students than among middle and high school students. Increase of weight was higher for the $\geq$95th percentile group than the 90-95th percentile group. 4) Judged on the basis of the BMI, 90th, 95 th percentile values of NHANES-I, the $\geq$95th percentile group showed higher increase in the prevalence of obesity than the 90-95th percentile group. According to the 1996 data, severe obesity group ($\geq$95th percentile) was about two times of NHANES-I in male primary school students, while the number for female middle and high school students was about 1/5 of NHANES-I.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.681-685
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• 2018

Background and Objectives This study was performed to evaluate the long-term effect of adenotonsillectomy on childhood growth by examining preoperative growth status and presenting symptoms. Subjects and Method One hundred and four patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy from January to December 2009 were enrolled in this study. Clinical data were collected from medical record reviews and through the administered questionnaire. We investigated symptoms and growth changes during 5 years following the surgery. Results The mean age of patients was $6.0{\pm}1.94$ years (range, 3-10), with the male to female ratio of 62:42. Pre-operative symptoms were significantly improved after the surgery. The mean pre-operative height and weight percentiles were $53.6{\pm}27.4$ and $59.6{\pm}29.2$ at initial evaluation, and $67.1{\pm}26.4$ and $59.6{\pm}28.6$ at 5 years post adenotonsillectomy (p<0.001, p=0.989), respectively. An increase in height percentile was more prominent in patients whose pre-operative height percentile was less than 50 compared to those with a percentile of 50 or more (p<0.001). Weight percentile was significantly increased in those with the pre-operative weight percentile of less than 50 and decreased in patients with a percentile of 50 or more. Conclusion Adenotonsillectomy has a positive effect on height growth in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, especially in patients whose height percentile is less than 50. Weight gain also can be expected in preoperative low-weight children.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between pediatric weakness scale scores and growth indices. Furthermore, we intended to calculate the cut-off values for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children through growth indices. Methods A total of 193 patients, aged 6 - 12 years, underwent both the pediatric weakness scale and bone age assessment, and the correlations between the pediatric weakness scale and growth indices were analyzed. Moreover, the cut-off values for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children were calculated. Differences in bone age and predicted height between the normal group and Kidney Weak Children, classified according to the calculated cut-off values, were analyzed. Results The weakness of the Shin or kidney system was significantly correlated with the height percentile, weight percentile, differences in current height percentile and mid parental height percentile, differences in predicted height and mid parental height, and differences in bone age and chronological age. When the criteria for diagnosing Kidney Weak Children is set at "height percentile of ≤25% and weight percentile of ≤25%", the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off value were maximized. The cut-off values for weakness of the Shin or kidney system were 9 in children aged 6 - 9 years and 10 in children aged 10 - 12 years. Conclusions To diagnose Kidney Weak Children, the cut-off values of weakness of the Shin or kidney system were 9 in children aged 6 - 9 years and 10 in children aged 10 - 12 years.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of herbal medicine in children's growth. Methods 51 children from the age of 5 to 16 were participated in this study (27 of boys and 24 of girls). The participants were from the department of the pediatrics in Daegu hanny university oriental medical hospital. They were measured their body composition and their bone age, the height percentile of their first and the last visit. Then, those were compared by the Korean Association of Pediatrics' Growth Statistics Curve. Results 1. Generally, total children's average height and weight were significantly increased after the herbal medical treatment. The differences between their height and the general populations' average height, their weight and general populations' average weight were significantly decreased after the treatment. 2. Total children's average soft lean mass, body fat mass, BMI were also significantly increased after the herbal medical treatment. 3. The mean height percentiles of the children has increased by 1.47 percentile. The mean weight percentiles of the children decreased 1.08 percentile. 4. The height percentiles were increased in every group except the group of boys younger than 9 and older than 12 year old. Other than the group of boys younger than 9-year-old and the group of 10-11-year-old boys, every group showed decreasing weight percentile. Conclusions The herbal medical treatment helped children with growth retardation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2014

Purpose: Overweight can be defined by the body mass index (BMI) and is likely associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, waist circumference (WC), a central adiposity index, may be a better indicator of cardiovascular disease risk. Studies comparing the effects of BMI and WC on cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure (BP), are rare in adolescents. Methods: We analyzed the correlations of BMI and WC with BP in 3,363 Korean adolescents (aged 10-19 years), using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2009-2011). Results: Systolic BP (SBP) in both sexes and diastolic BP (DBP) in boys were higher in the high BMI (>85th percentile) and high WC (>90th percentile) groups. High BMI and high WC were positively correlated with high SBP (>90th percentile) in both sexes, and high DBP (>90th percentile), in boys. BMI maintained its positive associations with SBP, DBP, high SBP, and high DBP in the normal weight ($BMI{\leq}85th$ percentile) and overweight (BMI>85th percentile) groups in both boys and girls, as well as in all subjects of both sexes, even after adjustment for WC. However, WC did not correlate with SBP, DBP, high SBP, or high DBP after adjustment for BMI in any group in either sex. Conclusion: In Korean adolescents, BMI correlated better with BP and high BP levels than WC. Further, BMI was positively associated with BP and high BP in the normal weight group as well as in the overweight group.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2008

This study investigated the association between the weight status of middle school students and the various weight-related characteristics including desired weight, weight perception, weight-related practice, physical activity, and overeating behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 473 middle school students (178 boys and 295 girls) in Daejeon. Boys and girls were divided into three groups respectively; (1) underweight (BMI<$5^{th}$ percentile) (2) normal weight ($5^{th}$ percentile$\leq$BMI<$85^{th}$ percentile) (3) overweight (BMI$\leq85^{th}$ percentile). Using BMI calculated from measured height and weight, 14.0% of boys and 6.8% of girls were underweight, and 16.3% of boys and 14.2% of girls were overweight. However, among this sample of students, 38.4% of boys and 13.6% of girls perceived themselves as underweight and 29.4% of boys and 44.9% of girls perceived themselves as overweight. We found that overweight students reported their body weights lower and their heights higher compared to non-overweight students, resulting in an underestimation of BMI. Based on desired BMI, 79.9% of the girls desired to be underweight and 73.0% of the boys desired to be normal weight. Overweight or normal weight students were less satisfied with their body weights than underweight students. Girls had more weight control experience and concern compared to boys. Overweight girls spent longer times in watching TV compared to non-overweight girls (p < 0.001) and had more overeating behaviors (p < 0.05). Overweight students reported that they ate snacks less frequently than non-overweight students, which may be due to their tendency to report less eating. In conclusion, significant gender differences and weight status differences existed in weight perception, weight satisfaction, and weight control experience and concern. Because perception of overweight is likely to lead to unhealthy eating behaviors and weight control, efforts for adolescents to improve accuracy of weight perceptions and to understand the benefits of being healthier are needed.