• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2009

Weldability of Mg alloy was investigated using servo-actuated DC resistance spot welder. Due to its uncommon electrical and mechanical properties, lots of voids and cracks were observed inside nugget with conventional weld schedule. Lobe curve was proposed to clarify proper electrode force and weld current, which guarantee reasonable weld strength and fatigue life. Macro structure of sectioned specimen was examined to count total number of void and crack. Post weld schedule is also proposed to reduce micro victors hardness value of weld zone.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1999

The dynamic resistance monitoring in primary circuit is one of the important issues. Because in-process and real time quality assurance of resistance spot weld is needed to increase the product reliability. In this study, new dynamic resistance detecting method is proposed as a practical manner of weld quality assurance using instantaneous current and voltage measured at the primary circuit. and also, various patterns of primary dynamic resistance curve are characterized with the macro photograph and the weldability lobe curve. It is found that the primary dynamic resistance patterns are basically similar to those of the secondary, but there is evident advantage such as no extra devices are needed to obtain the quality information and eventually real time feedback control will be possible.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.68-73
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• 2012

Nowadays, car manufacturers tried to improve automotive fuel efficiency, and applied many high strength steels such as AHSS or UHSS to car bodies. Therefore, the number of steel combinations for the resistance spot welding are dramatically increased and the need for weldability evaluation of these combinations are also required. In this study, we suggest the lobe curve using FEM simulations for DP780 steel with 1.0t, 1.4t. The lobe curves which could expressed weldablity and optimal welding condition were obtained according to 6 steel combinations. There were two combinations for same steel sheet which were DP780 1.0t, DP780 1.4t. Dissimilar steel sheet combination with different thickness was 1.0t and 1.4t of DP780. Different steel combinations were DP780 1.0t and SPRC440 1.0t, and DP780 1.0t and DP590 1.0t. Finally dissimilar combinations was and DP780 1.0t and DP590 1.4t. The trend of low boundary and high boundary variation of lobe curve were analyzed with a viewpoint of the contact resistance and the heat input.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2011

The spot weldability of dissimilar metal joints between austenitic stainless steels (STS316)/IF steels and ferritic stainless steels (STS430)/IF steels was investigated. This study was aimed to determine the spot welding parameters for a dissimilar metal joint and to evaluate the dissimilar metal joint's weldability, including its welding nugget shape, tensile-shear strength, hardness, and microstructure. The comparison of these results was described in terms of fracture behavior. Compared with the weld lobe of similar metal joints, dissimilar metal joints (STS430/IF) had reduced weld current range. However, the weld lobe of STS316/IF steel joint showed increased weld current range. This is because the dilution of chemical composition in the molten weld pool suppressed the heat input being caused by Joule heat with current flow through the samples. The microstructure of the fusion zone was fully martensite and mixture of ferrite and martensite for austenitic stainless steel/IF steel and ferritic stainless steel/IF steel combination, respectively. The experimental results showed that the shape of nugget was asymmetric, in which the fusion zone of the austenitic and ferritic stainless steel sheet was larger due to the higher bulk-resistance. The predicted microstructure by using the Schaeffler diagram was well matched with experimental results. After peel test, the fracture was initiated from heat affected zone of ferritic stainless steel sheet side, however the final fracture was propagated into the IF steel sheet side due to its lower strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.143-148
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• 2011

This study analyzes the resistance spot weldability of DP60 steels. To analyze the resistance spot weldability of DP60 steels, tensile strength test and macro-section test were conducted for the resistance spot welds. Acceptable welding conditions were determined as a function of the resistance spot welding process parameters such as electrode force, welding time, and welding current. The lower limit of the welding lobe was the minimum shear tension strength for 590MPa-grade steel while the upper limit was determined whether or not expulsion was detected.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2010

최근 자동차 산업은 고효율 및 친환경이라는 전세계적인 이슈에 따라 고연비의 자동차 개발에 총력을 다하고 있다. 그러므로 다양한 고강도 강 및 경량 금속이 자동차의 차체에 적용되고 있다. 특히 철강재료에 있어서 기존의 저 탄소강에서 다양한 기능을 갖은 고강도 강으로 그 종류가 다양화되고 있으며 이에 따라 저항 점용접을 이용한 차체의 접합은 점점 이종의 강판을 접합하는 비율이 점차로 늘어나고 있다. 이와 같이 강판의 종류가 다양해짐에 따라 수많은 이종 강판에 대한 조합이 생기고 있으며, 이를 모두 실험을 통해 최적 용접조건을 찾기에는 많은 시간과 노력이 투자되어야 된다. 그러나 시뮬레이션 기법으로 이종 접합의 초기 용접조건에 대한 정보를 얻는다면, 최소의 실험을 통해 좀 더 손쉽게 최적의 용접조건을 도출할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 실제 자동차에 많이 쓰이는 강판인 EDDQ급 도금강판 0.7t와 440R 급 1.2t 및 DP 590 1.0t의 3종류의 이종 강판에 대한 점 용접특성을 저항 점용접 전문 소프트웨어인 SORPAS를 이용하여 시뮬레이션하고 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션은 겹치기 순서에 따라 용접 전류, 가압력, 용접 시간을 변수로 하여 각각의 겹침 순서에 대한 2개의 용접 점에 대한 너겟의 크기를 분석하였으며 로브 곡선을 얻을 수 있었다. 이를 통해 3겹의 겹치기 순서에 따른 용접 특성을 비교할 수 있었으며, 이것을 실제 생산라인의 자동차 차체의 조립 순서 결정에 있어서 응용함으로써 용접 특성을 고려한 차체 조립에 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.149-151
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• 2003

The development of lightweight car bodies is the most prominent issue in the automotive industry today, in preparation of environmental regulations such as reduction of CO$_2$ emissions. Also, with the recent implementation of mandatory off-set collision test, many studies have been carried out to enhance the safety of automobiles. Recently, TRIP(Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel has developed as a prominent alternative due to its high strength and superior elongation. In this study, TRIP steel weldability is evaluated with lobe curve, continuous spot welds, shunt effect, and weld of edge position.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2002

Resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys is based upon Joule heating of the components by passing a large current in a short duration. Since aluminum alloys have the potential to replace steels fur automobile body assemblies, it is important to study the process robustness of aluminum spot welding process. In order to evaluate the effects of process parameters on the weld quality, major process variables and abnormal process conditions were selected and analyzed. A newly developed two-stage, sliding-level experiment was adopted fur effective parameter design and analysis. Suitable ranges of welding current and button diameters were obtained through the experiment. The effects of the factors and their levels on the variation of acceptable welding current were considered in terms of main effects. From the results, it is concluded that any abnormal process condition decreases the suitable current range in the weld lobe curve. Pareto analysis of variance was also introduced to estimate the significant factors on the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Among the six factors studied, fit-up condition is found to be the most significant factor influencing the SM ratio. Using a Pareto diagram, the optimal condition is determined and the SM ratio is significantly improved using the optimal condition.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.44-48
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• 2009

In automotive company, a lot of researchers have investigated for the spatterless welding process during last two decades. A spatter influences on the product quality such as strength and surface states. In this paper, a hollow tip is proposed for spatterless process. An optimal size of electrode hole is obtained from a weldability evaluation of each hole diameter. Through the cross section analysis, a phenomenon that molten metal moves in the hole which located between two workpiece is observed, and this makes spatterless welding process even though current is higher. Finally, widely acceptable weld area in lobe curve is obtained by using hollow tip as compare with conventional no hollow tip. In this paper, spatterless resistance spot welding with improvement weldability and productivity is proposed by using hollow tip.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.239-239
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• 2000

Automobile manufacturers have employed resistance spot welding(RSW) to join steel sheets for structural rigidity o automobile body. Driven by the need to reduce weight and fuel consumption, car companies have been evaluating aluminum intensive vehicles(AIVs) as a way to reduce vehicle weight without downsizing. During the transition from all steel-construction vehicle body to aluminum intensive body, joining aluminum to steel sheets emerges as a serious contender in automobile body. This paper deals with application of transition material to RSW aluminum to steel. Placing transition material insert between the aluminum/steel interface was found very effective to overcome incompatibility between aluminum and steel. Use of transition insert allows for two separate weld muggets to be formed in their respective aluminum/ aluminum and steel/ steel interfaces. This RSW process was monitored with the aid of dynamic resistance sampling. Typical patterns in sampled dynamic resistance curves indicated formation of sound nugget. (Received February 28, 2000)