• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07e
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• pp.2314-2316
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• 1999

This study describes the results of aging characteristics of polymer insulators through the tracking wheel test. In order to evaluate the reliability of polymer insulators, 4 polymer insulators which used in the field were selected. Electrical tests such as power frequency voltage test, steep-front impulse voltage test were performed after tracking wheel test. Chemical structure and contact angle were measured for investigating an aging characteristics. Although some changes have occurred on the surface of insulator, there are no critical changes between new and tracking wheel tested insulator.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.530-537
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• 2008

This paper describes the results of a study on the tracking performance of outdoor insulating materials based on the rotating wheel dip test(RWDT). And, the influence of surface degradation was evaluated through such as measurement of the flashover voltage after and before tracking test, also aspects of surface degradation using scanning electron microscopy. The time to tracking breakdown of treated filled specimen is longer than untreated filled specimen. And, after the RWDT, the surface of specimen by adding untreated filler appeared heavy erosion. It was found that the addition to surface treated filler, the better tracking resistance. In the RWDT, the breakdown specimen is not affected by the dry flashover voltage, despite the fact that the surface degradation of tracking test has different state on each specimen. This suggests that wet flashover voltage play an important role in evaluating of tracking and erosion on the surface degradation in tracking test. And, the flashover voltage of specimen under wet conditions are greatly affected by the salt concentration and degree of degradation by the RWDT Because of hydrophobicity and degree of degradation by the RWDT, the flashover voltage of treated filled specimen is higher than that of untreated filled specimen. Different types of specimen may have different hydrophobicity and their surface state under contaminated conditions may not be the same.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2006

In this paper, an analytical and experimental study was performed in order to determine the effects of interaction between vehicle and structure. Results presented in the paper show that analytical method including moving load effect can investigate the trend of structural response due to dynamic interaction between vehicle and structure. The wheel tracking machine fitted with 2-axle test vehicle can demonstrate more accurate dynamic interaction between vehicle and structure than the wheel tracking machine fitted without 2-axle test vehicle.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.7 no.2 s.24
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• pp.97-107
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• 2005

Since the purpose of wheel tracking test is to find out relative difference of mixture's rut resistance, the wheel is an important part in the test for obtaining a consistent output. This study is performed to examine efficiency of different wheel material, rubber and steel in wheel tracking test. The rubber was inserted as a ring on the outer face of the steel wheel, and thickness of rubber ring was 15mm and 7.5mm and 0mm (steel wheel without rubber), making the total outer diameter 200mm. The objective of this study was to select reliable wheel material type in wheel tracking test at $60^{\circ}C$ based on variance in output (rut depth and dynamic stability) and correlation with SD (deformation strength). The result of regression analysis of rut depth with Sd showed that $R^2$ values of wheel rubber thickness of 15mm, 7.5mm and 0mm were 0.7, 0.8 and over 0.9, respectively. In a case of steel wheel (0mm), the highest $R^2$ value was 0.9569. Therefore, the wheel without rubber ring was the best in output consistency level and coefficient of determination $(R^2)$ with deformation strength. Therefore, the steel wheel without rubber ring is suggested as the best choice for wheel tracking test of asphalt concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.119-122
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• 2000

Recently polymer insulators are being used for outdoor high voltage applications. Polymer insulators for transmission line have significant advantages over porcelain and glass insulators, especially for ultra-high voltage transmission lines. Their advantages are light weight, vandalism resistance and hydrophobicity. Polymer insulators are a relatively new technology, but their expected life is still unknown. Therefore these estimating technique are very important. Their life time is related to weathering and operating condition. Multi-aging test is requested because aging factor is occurred by multi-aging than unique aging. The aging test about polymer insulators have mainly carried out by IEC 61109. This paper presents multi-stress chamber experiments and tracking wheel test to examine the tracking and erosion performance of polymer insulator for transmission. Multi-stress testing is able to demonstrate deficiencies of polymer insulator materials and designs, including the nature of interfaces in insulation design. We have investigated IEC 61109 Annex C (5000h aging test) and CEA tracking wheel test as test methods of artificial accelerated aging. The aging degree of polymer insulator is estimated by leakage current, measurement of hydrophobicity degree, damage conditions of insulator surface, withstand voltage test etc.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.250-256
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• 2010

In this paper, an analytical and experimental study is performed in order to determine the effects of interaction between vehicle and bridge superstructure. For this purpose an improved wheel tracking machine and an adequate single span bridge are designed. Results presented in the paper show that wheel tracking machine including moving mass effects can demonstrate more accurate dynamic interaction between vehicle and structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.299-304
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• 2003

In this research, eight waterproofing membranes were selected from commercial market and the tensile adhesive characteristics of the waterproofing system (WPS) on concrete bridge deck were investigated in view of various factor in asphalt pavement. Tensile adhesive strength (TAS) test of different asphalt pavement types showed that TAS of WPS under SMA (Stone Mastic Asphalt) pavement was greater than that under dense asphalt pavement. Tensile adhesive strength (TAS) of sheet membranes was improved as the compaction temperature of asphalt concrete increase, but TAS of liquid membranes were not. TAS of sheet membranes after wheel tracking test were in the order of the sites under wheel path (UWP), before wheel tracking (BWT) and nearby wheel path (NWP), Since TAS of the same WPS of UWP was higher than TAS of BWT, wheel loading had function of pressing WPS resulting in higher adhesive strength, But liquid membranes were variable on types, The feature of detached interface after T AS test showed that sheet types were all detached in between deck concrete and WPS, and liquid types were detached in between asphalt pavement and WPS,

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.558-559
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• 2005

Recently, polymer insulators that are used for high voltage applications have some advantages such as light weight, small size, vandalism resistance, hydrophobicity and easy making process. During outdoor service of polymer insulators, the surface of the insulating material is frequently subjected to moisture and contamination that lead to dry band arcing. Their tracking resistance, erosion resistance, end sealing and shed design are very important because dry band arcing causes degradation of polymer surface. In this paper, the tracking property of polymer suspension insulator for power transmission is investigated with CEA tracking wheel test. The diagnosis of insulator sample in tracking test has been analyzed by leakage current, STRI Guide, SEM, FTIR and thermal image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.82-85
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• 2000

Polymeric composite insulators are used for outdoor insulation. However, our knowledge about their long-term performance in an outdoor environment is still very limited. The electrical stress caused the surface of these insulators to become degradation. In order to evaluate the tracking resistance of polymer insulators, we performed the tracking wheel test which is recommended by CEA LWIWG-01. And the flashover voltage tests were conducted for understanding electrical characteristics after tacking wheel test. Also, these insulators are studied by characterization methods such as contact angle measurement, SEM, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.74-77
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• 2001

In order to investigate the effect of salinity level on tracking characteristics of polymer insulators for distribution power systems, tracking tests were performed by tracking wheel tester under different salt concentration. In this study, 6 kinds of polymer insulators were tested under 2200 ${\mu}\textrm{s}$/cm and 4000${\mu}\textrm{s}$/cm salinity. The salinity level has a significant effect on the tracking characteristics. Namely, most polymer insulators showed the good tracking resistance in case of low salinity level. But, in case of high salinity level some polymer insulators showed the excessive erosion and tracking. These phenomena may come from the different aging mechanism. It can be concluded that too high salinity level is not desirable in aging test of polymer insulators.