• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송∙미디어공학회 2020년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.717-720
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• 2020

An indoor localization system that uses Wi-Fi RSSI signals for localization gives accurate user position results. The conventional Wi-Fi RSSI signal based localization system uses raw RSSI signals from access points (APs) to estimate the user position. However, the RSSI values of a particular location are usually not stable due to the signal propagation in the indoor environments. To reduce the RSSI signal fluctuations, shadow fading, multipath effects and the blockage of Wi-Fi RSSI signals, we propose a Wi-Fi localization system that utilizes the advantages of Wi-Fi RSSI heat maps. The proposed localization system uses a regression model with deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and gives accurate user position results for indoor localization. The experiment results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed localization system for indoor localization.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2021

Indoor positioning system becomes of increasing interests due to the demands for accurate indoor location information where Global Navigation Satellite System signal does not approach. Wi-Fi access points (APs) built in many construction in advance helps developing a Wi-Fi Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based indoor localization. This localization method first collects pairs of position and RSSI measurement set, which is called fingerprint database, and then estimates a user's position when given a query measurement set by comparing the fingerprint database. The challenge arises from nonlinearity and noise on Wi-Fi RSSI measurements and complexity of handling a large amount of the fingerprint data. In this paper, machine learning techniques have been applied to implement Wi-Fi based localization. However, most of existing indoor localizations focus on single position estimation. The main contribution of this paper is to develop multi-target localization by using deep neural, which is beneficial when a massive crowd requests positioning service. This paper evaluates the proposed multilocalization based on deep learning from a multi-story building, and analyses its learning effect as increasing number of target positions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1339-1355
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• 2023

Localization is a hot research spot for many areas, especially in the mobile robot field. Due to the weak signal of the global positioning system (GPS), the alternative schemes in an indoor environment include wireless signal transmitting and receiving solutions, laser rangefinder to build a map followed by a re-localization stage and visual positioning methods, etc. Among all wireless signal positioning techniques, Wi-Fi is the most common one. Wi-Fi access points are installed in most indoor areas of human activities, and smart devices equipped with Wi-Fi modules can be seen everywhere. However, the localization of a mobile robot using a Wi-Fi scheme usually lacks orientation information. Besides, the distance error is large because of indoor signal interference. Another research direction that mainly refers to laser sensors is to actively detect the environment and achieve positioning. An occupancy grid map is built by using the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method when the mobile robot enters the indoor environment for the first time. When the robot enters the environment again, it can localize itself according to the known map. Nevertheless, this scheme only works effectively based on the prerequisite that those areas have salient geometrical features. If the areas have similar scanning structures, such as a long corridor or similar rooms, the traditional methods always fail. To address the weakness of the above two methods, this work proposes a coarse-to-fine paradigm and an improved localization algorithm that utilizes Wi-Fi to assist the robot localization in a geometrically similar environment. Firstly, a grid map is built by using laser SLAM. Secondly, a fingerprint database is built in the offline phase. Then, the RSSI values are achieved in the localization stage to get a coarse localization. Finally, an improved particle filter method based on the Wi-Fi signal values is proposed to realize a fine localization. Experimental results show that our approach is effective and robust for both global localization and the kidnapped robot problem. The localization success rate reaches 97.33%, while the traditional method always fails.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2017

실내 Wi-Fi환경에서 위치추정 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 위치추정에 대한 연구가 수년 동안 계속되어 오고 있다. 핑거프린트 기법 및 전파모델은 실내 위치추정에 있어서 매우 중요한 기술이다. 추가적인 하드웨어 없이 저비용으로 핑거프린트 기법을 사용하는 다양한 위치추정 시스템에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 실내 위치추정 모델에서 VAP (virtual access points) 개념을 사용하여 이러한 목표를 실현한 사례는 매우 드물다. 본 논문은 Wi-Fi 환경의 핑거프린트 기반에서 VAP를 사용한 실내 위치추정 시스템의 아이디어를 제시하였다. 이 아이디어의 핵심은 실제 실내 Wi-Fi 환경에서 VAP를 사용하여 AP의 역할을 수행 할 수 있다. 제안 알고리즘의 성능분석을 위하여 4개의 시나리오를 사용하여 실험한 결과, 1개의 AP 대신에 2개의 VAP를 사용했을 때 가장 우수한 결과가 도출되었으며, 실험의 3번째 경우인 3개의 AP와 2개의 VAP를 사용했을 때 3.99 미터의 가장 낮은 위치오차가 발생하였음을 확인하였다.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2016

본 논문은 사물인터넷 (Internet of Things: IoT) 기반의 실내 위치 추정 기법에 관한 논문이다. 현재 전 세계적으로 사물의 위치를 추정하는 방법은 GPS와 WiFi를 활용한 방법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 GPS는 실내에서 수신이 힘들고, 전파 교란에 영향을 받는 단점이 있다. WiFi를 활용한 위치 추정은 사용자가 주위의 WiFi를 스캔하여 수집한 정보를 WiFi 데이터베이스 (DB) 서버에 전송하여 fingerprint 방식으로 위치를 추정하므로, DB 서버가 필요한 단점이 있다. 사물과 사물이 통신하는 사물인터넷이 급속도로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 사물인터넷을 이용하여 실내 위치를 추정하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 GPS 좌표 등의 자신의 위치 정보를 가지고 있는 기기와 통신하는 다른 기기가 RSSI를 통해 위치를 추정한다. 사물인터넷을 통해 자신의 위치를 추정하는 기기가 많으면 위치 추정 정확도를 높일 수 있다. 제안된 기법은 GPS와 WiFi DB 서버의 도움 없이 위치 추정을 할 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.1463-1471
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 Wi-Fi환경에서 실내 위치추정의 성능 향상을 위해 이동 Wi-Fi 환경에서 핑거프린트 기반의 Difference Means를 이용한 실내 위치추정 알고리즘 (Algorithm using the Difference Means based on Fingerprint, DMFPA)을 제안하였다. 그리고 자체 개발한 실내 위치추정 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 제안한 DMFPA의 성능을 일반적인 핑거프린트 알고리즘 (OFPA), 가우시안 분포를 핑거프린트 알고리즘 (GDFPA)의 성능을 서로 비교하였다. 성능분석 항목은 각 참조구역에서의 평균위치추정 정확도, 발생된 오차의 평균오차 누적거리와 최대오차 누적거리, 그리고 평균측정시간으로 정의하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2016년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.168-171
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• 2016

In recent years, indoor localization in Wi-Fi environment has been researched for its location determining capability. The fingerprint and RF propagation models has been the main approach in determining indoor positioning. With the use of fingerprint, a low-cost, versatile localization system can be achieved without the use of external hardware. However, only a few research have been made on virtual access points (VAPs) among indoor localization models. In this paper, the idea of indoor localization system using fingerprint with the addition of VAP in Wi-Fi environment is discussed. The idea is to virtually add APs in the existing indoor Wi-Fi system, this would mean additional virtually APs in the network. The experiments of the proposed algorithm shows the positive results when 2VAPs are used compared with only APs. A combination of 3APs and 2VAPs had the lowest average error in all 4 scenarios with 3.99 meters.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제19B권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 대규모 실내 환경에서 WiFi 모듈이 내장된 스마트폰 사용자의 위치를 추적하기 위한 효과적인 이동 모델과 관측 모델을 제시한다. 제안하는 세 가지 부속 이동 모델들은 보행자의 움직임에 대한 더 정확한 예상 확률 분포를 제공한다. 또, 가우시안 보간법 기반의 관측 모델은 훈련 데이터 의 수집이 이루어지지 않은 지역들에 대해서도 관측 우도 계산을 가능하게 한다. 파티클 필터 프레임워크 속에 이와 같은 이동 모델과 관측 모델을 결합함으로써, 본 연구의 위치 추적 알고리즘은 대규모 실내 환경들에서도 스마트폰 사용자의 위치를 정확하게 추적할 수 있다. 한 복층 건물에서 안드로이드 스마트폰으로 수행한 실험을 통해, 본 연구에서 제안한 WiFi 위치 추적 알고리즘의 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.3950-3969
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• 2021

Radio Frequency (RF)-based indoor localization technologies play significant roles in various Internet of Things (IoT) services (e.g., location-based service). Most such technologies require that all the devices comply with a specified technology (e.g., WiFi, ZigBee, and Bluetooth). However, this requirement limits its application scenarios in today's IoT context where multiple devices complied with different standards coexist in a shared environment. To bridge the gap, in this paper, we propose a cross-technology localization approach, which is able to localize target nodes using a different type of devices. Specifically, the proposed framework reuses the existing WiFi infrastructure without introducing additional cost to localize Non-WiFi device (i.e., ZigBee). The key idea is to leverage the interference between devices that share the same operating frequency (e.g., 2.4GHz). Such interference exhibits unique patterns that depend on the target device's location, thus it can be leveraged for cross-technology localization. The proposed framework uses Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to extract salient features of the received WiFi signals, and leverages Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) to improve the robustness of our system. We conduct experiments in real scenario and investigate the impact of different factors. Experimental results show that the average localization accuracy of our prototype can reach 1.54m, which demonstrates a promising direction of building cross-technology technologies to fulfill the needs of modern IoT context.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2021

In this paper, a method of using Software Defined Radio (SDR) is proposed for improving the accuracy of identifying two kinds of signals as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) signal and Bluetooth signal at the same frequency band of 2.4 GHz based on the time-domain signal characteristic. An SDR device was set up for collecting transmitting signals from Wi-Fi access points (Wi-Fi) and mobile phones (Bluetooth). Different characteristics between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals were extracted from the measured result. The SDR device is programmed with a Wi-Fi and Bluetooth detection algorithm and a collision detection algorithm to detect and verify the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals based on collected IQ data. These methods are necessary for some applications like wireless communication optimization, Wi-Fi fingerprint localization, which helps to avoid interference and collision between two kinds of signals.