• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.706-711
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• 2009

Energy shortage and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels are very serious problem. Especially buildings have consumed more and more energy, and buildings are spend up to 25% of total energy consumption. So we should prepare alternatives to save energy in buildings. In apartment houses, The efficiency of thermal insulators and window glasses is very important to curtail heating energy. In this study, the energy rating of Apartment building is evaluated by applying various thermal insulators and window glasses.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

Growing use of entire glass facades with metal frames are popularly witnessed in modern building practices and design competition as well. In spite of architectural aesthetics and view to outdoors, environmental issues still exist in that kind of buildings. One of the solutions for the problems might be the use of functional glasses such as a heat-resistant glass or various tinted glasses for the glass walls. This paper aims to provide performance data related to the impact of various transmittal materials of window systems on the light distribution. A series of computer simulation deals with the basic geometrical and optical design elements of a commonly used all-glass facades. Additionally an experimental configuration of the vertical window is proposed for better result of daylighting. A window system equipped with an inner-light shelf can improve the uniformity of natural light in a space by reducing the level of illumination near the window and redirecting light deeply into the space.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2003

실제 건물화재에서 창문재료의 내화특성을 평가하기 위하여 건물화재실험이 수행되었다. 4 mx3.8mx2.4m 방에서 PVC 창문, 알루미늄 창문, AL+Wood 창문을 각각 설치하고 화원은 소파와 매트리스를 사용하였다. 창문은 아파트 베란다에 많이 사용하는 유리두께 6mm사이에 공기층 12 mm인 것을 사용하였다. 건물내부와 창문 주변의 온도분포를 살펴보기 위하여 총 32개 지점의 온도를 측정하였다. 실험결과 건물내의 온도분포, 창틀의 변화, 유리창의 파손 정도 둥을 조사하여 분석하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.300-311
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• 1997

A theoretical method was developed to analyze the effect of low-$\varepsilon$ coatings which have influence on thermal performance of vacuum windwo glazing and double pane glazing. The overall heat transfer coefficient(U) value and thermal performance were analyzed by theroretical method on various kins of windows. TRNSYS program was used to analyze total heating and cooling energy consumption on the model building which has various windows. As the result, better thermal insulation can be achieved on the vacuum window glazing than double pane glazing when low-$\varepsilon$ coating was done on the surface of glass. Total heating and cooling energy consumption was almost same on the double pane window glazing but was lessened on the vacuum window glazing when the window size of south direction increased. Therefore, low-$\varepsilon$ coating was very necessary for vacuum window glazing in order to improve thermal insulation performance and efficient energy conservation can be achieved by vacuum window glazing at the real building which has large window.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2012

고속열차 객실 유리창 타입에 따른 충격 파손 특성을 비교 연구하기 위하여 다양한 종류의 유리창 내충격시험 규격을 검토하였으며, 자갈 비산에 의한 유리창 파손 특성을 고려하여 내충격시험을 실시하였다. 외부 충격면이 일반유리, 반강화유리, 강화유리 모두 팁 끝이 뾰족한 낙하체에 대해 낮은 높이에서도 파괴가 잘 일어났고, 파괴될 때의 양상은 일반유리의 경우 선 파괴가 부분적으로 발생하였고, 반강화유리의 경우 선 파괴가 전체적으로 발생하였으며, 강화유리의 경우 전체적으로 입자가 잘게 부숴지며 파괴되었다. 낙하체 팁 형상을 뾰족한 것에서부터 뭉툭한 것으로 변화시킬 때 더 높은 높이에서 파괴가 일어남을 알 수 있었고, 그 정도는 일반유리보다 강화유리가 팁 끝이 뭉툭한 낙하체에 대해서 더 높은 강도를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 유리창 보호용 필름이 적용되었을 때 강도 증가의 효과가 있었다. 실제 자갈을 자유 낙하시켜 파손 특성을 비교하였는데, 3가지 경우 모두에 대해서 보호필름이 적용되지 않았을 때는 파괴되었고, 보호필름을 적용하였을 경우에는 잘 파괴되지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.215-218
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• 2013

Vanadium dioxide ($VO_2$) is an attractive material for smart window applications where the transmittance of light can be automatically modulated from a transparent state to an opaque state at the critical temperature of ${\sim}68^{\circ}C$. Meanwhile, F : $SnO_2$ (F-doped $SnO_2$, FTO) glass is a transparent conductive oxide material that is widely used in solar-energy-related applications because of its excellent optical and electrical properties. Relatively high transmittance and low emissivity have been obtained for FTO-coated glasses. Tunable transmittance corresponding to ambient temperature and low emissivity can be expected from $VO_2$ films deposited onto FTO glasses. In this study, FTO glasses were applied for the deposition of $VO_2$ thin films by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. $VO_2$ thin films were also deposited on a Pyrex substrate for comparison. To decrease the phase transition temperature of $VO_2$, tungsten-doped $VO_2$ films were also deposited onto FTO glasses. The visible transmittance of $VO_2$/FTO was higher than that of $VO_2$/pyrex due to the increased crystallinity of the $VO_2$ thin film deposited on FTO and decreased interface reflection. Although the solar transmittance modulation of $VO_2$/FTO was lower than that of $VO_2$/pyrex, room temperature solar transmittance of $VO_2$/FTO was lower than that of $VO_2$/pyrex, which is advantageous for reflecting solar heat energy in summer.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2013

Recently, New Han-ok is in prevail because it has many good qualities as a dwelling. But the New Han-ok dwellers' needs and satisfaction ratio on their houses are not investigated yet. So, surveys on satisfaction ratio for New Han-ok were carried out to know New Han-ok's existing conditions and inhabitant's responses on New Han-ok dwellings. Followings are results. 1) Dwellers response that it is cool in summer and it is cold in winter. So, design and construction method against cold is needed for New Han-ok. 2) Window is the most picking element of New Han-ok for house improvement. 3) Window opening is main control method for cooling in summer. Warming sources in winter are various such as electricity, gas, oil, wood, etc. 4) PVC window structure and glasses were used for New Han-ok's window system as well as wooden window structure and Han-gi. 5) Interviewees are generally satisfied with New Han-ok's exterior view and inner spaces. Almost no humidifier is used. These results could be used for improvement of Han-ok and basic material for New Han-ok design.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2005

Double pane window system, in which an air layer with a finite width is filled between glasses, is used in order to increase the insulation efficiency. In the present study, a conjugate heat transfer problem of a double pane window system has been studied numerically in order to investigate the effect of an air layer on the heat transmittance of the double pane window system using a finite element method based on P2P1 basis function. In this study on the conjugate heat transfer of a double pane window system, numerically predicted Nusselt numbers with or without conjugate heat transfer effect have been compared with an available existing empirical formula. It has been found that a Nusselt number from an existing formula for an enclosed space is different from that obtained from the present conjugate heat transfer analysis mainly due to the effects of a very high aspect ratio and conjugate heat transfer mechanism. Furthermore, it has been shown that the numerically estimated optimal air thickness of the double pane window system with conjugate heat transfer effect is a little bit longer than that obtained without considering conjugate heat transfer effect.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.471-474
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• 2020

In recent years, the challenge of higher energy efficiency has emerged as urban buildings have become taller, and the area of window glasses has increased. To address the problem of energy efficiency in buildings, research on smart windows is being actively conducted. In this study, an accelerated experiment for thermal stability was conducted to fabricate a liquid crystal cell applicable to external windows. It was confirmed from the study that the function is maintained even in a high-temperature external environment through the change in transmittance by voltage. Compared with the initial transmittance, after the passage of time, the smart window cell to which the sealant was applied showed a small change in transmittance of 1~2%. This result confirmed the thermal stability of the liquid crystal-based smart window.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1993

In order to research the display of the apparel store, 164 women's clothing in Taegu were investigated, from September 1. to October 31.1991. The result was as follows; 1. The perpendicular style of the show window glasses is widely used regardless of the store types. 2. The show window story is most frequently found at street-level in Taegu brand stores, but there are a few multi-storied show windows in National bland stores. 3. The open style background is used in a great part of Taegu brands, but the semi-open style is widely used in most National blands. 4. The arrangement of simular colors is used in a great parts of National brands, but the arrangement of different colors is used in many Taegu brands. 5. The base light and spot light is used at a high rate regardless of the stores, but the mannequin is more often used in National brands and Taegu brands.