• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2008

By using the transmission anode x-ray tube developed to apply to the hand-held XRF equipment, we carried out XRF experiment and evaluated the influences of the x-ray tube on XRF spectra. XRF data, which is measured using the W-target and Rh-target tube, were good agreements with the known results. FWHM of Fe $K_{\alpha}$-line measured by W-target tube with the 35 kV-tube voltage and the $40{\mu}A$-tube current was 180 eV. This result reveals that our XRF equipment using the transmission anode x-ray tube is enough for a qualitative analysis of materials. By comparison XRF data with the integrated intensity of x-ray tube, it was confirmed that Rh-target tube is better than W-target tube for application to the hand-held XRF equipment.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2009

As a basic research for development of the domestic field-portable XRF spectrometer, we discussed the analytical results of bench-top ED-XRF and field-portable XRF method for polluted heavy metals such as Cr, As, Se, Hg, Pb, Cd in soil samples. To obtain the best performance of the XRF spectrometer, the instrumental parameters of X-ray tube-voltage and measurement time were optimized for 6 heavy-metal elements in soil using certified reference material. The quantitative analysis of Cr, As, Se, Hg, Pb, Cd concentration in certified reference materials and soil samples were compared by empirical method and fundamental parameter method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2001

This study was performed to compare the lead levels of 20 quality control standard samples(KOSHA:18-2000) and 72 field samples in lead-acid battery manufacturing plant between ICP and portable-XRF methods. 1. While the proficiencies of 20 quality control standard samples by ICP were 100%, those of analytic result values by XRF were 75%. 2. The correlation coefficient(r) between the reference values for quality control (REF) and the analytic result values by ICP (ICP) was 1.0(p<0.05), and simple linear regression equation and the coefficient(R2) were REF = -0.0009 + 1.016 ICP and 0.9997, respectively. 3. The correlation coefficient(r) between the analytic result values of quality control standard samples by ICP (ICP) and by XRF (XRF) was 0.975(p<0.05), and simple linear regression equation and the coefficient(R2) were ICP = -0.0003 + 1.002 XRF and 0.950, respectively. 4. The correlation coefficient(r) between the analytic result values for lead samples of a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant by ICP (ICP) and by XRF (XRF) was 0.993(p<0.05), and simple linear regression equation and the coefficient(R2) were ICP = -2.058 + 0.996 XRF and 0.987, respectively. 5. While the frequency distributions of XRF /ICP(Ratio) for each ICP concentration levels in a lead-acid battery manufacturing plant revealed high proportion in ratio range of 0.876-1.125 than in ration range of 1.126-1.375. Also, ICP concentration level in ration range of 0.786-1.125 was increased with increase of frequency distribution of XRF/ICP. 6. The limit of detection of XRF on lead was determined to be $6.11{\mu}g$/filter The data presented in this study indicated that relationship for lead level of quality control samples and field samples in a lead -acid battery manufacturing plant by ICP and portable-XRF methods was proved. The practicing industrial hygienist can use portable-XRF to produce a rapid on-site determination of lead exposure that can immediately becommunicated to workers and help identify appropriate levels of personal protection.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.16-22
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• 2023

In this study, a salt water immersion test was performed on concrete specimens simulating the concrete mix design of the nuclear power plant, and the correlation between the amount of chloride and the XRF component according to the depth of the concrete was analyzed. The amount of chloride on the surface of the nuclear power plant concrete increased slightly with increasing immersion time in salt water, but the amount of chloride in the depth of 5.5 mm or more showed a clear tendency to increase with increasing immersion time in salt water. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the amount of chloride in concrete and the XRF component, the concrete with 20% FA substitution compared with the OPC concrete showed a very high correlation between the composition ratio of Cl ions and the evaluation result of salt damage resistance by XRF component analysis. Accordingly, it was confirmed that chlorine ion analysis and salt damage resistance performance evaluation by XRF component analysis were possible through repeated data accumulation in the nuclear power plant concrete mix with 20% fly ash replacement.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 2005

A comparison study of XRF and $^{31}P$-NMR method for the analysis of phosphorous in lubricating oil has been described. Pure oil and water were used for the observation of matrices effect variation by different analytical methods. Quantitative analysis was carried out by XRF and $^{31}P$-NMR using real samples. Significant difference is observed from the slopes on the calibration curves by the XRF due to the matrices (water: 124.0, oil: 276.6). While the result obtained from XRF showed a large matrix effect, the slopes obtained from $^{31}P$-NMR results of two different matrices, however, are in good agreement ranged of ${\pm}9%$ (water: 4.9, oil: 5.3).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.138-144
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• 2013

In XRF systems, various techniques have been developed for the synthesis of pulse shapes using digital methods instead of traditional analog methods. Trapezoidal pulse shaping algorithms can be used for digital multi-channel pulse height analysis in X-ray spectrometer systems. In this paper, an efficient trapezoidal filter architecture is presented. In addition, we present a hardware-efficient peak value detection algorithm. By the proposed algorithm, peak value detection error is decreased by half compared with the conventional algorithm. The proposed Digital Pulse Processing(DPP) algorithm is designed using Verilog HDL and implemented using an FPGA on a test board. It is demonstrated that the implemented DPP board works successfully in practical XRF systems.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2000

Analysis of fly ashes from the MSW incinerators was carried out using XRF, ICP-MS and ICP-AES. It was found that the major elements of fly ash were Ca, K, Na, Si, Al, S, Cl and O by the XRF analysis. The XRD spectra showed that the fly ashes were mainly consisted with the chlorides, hydroxides, carbonates and also oxides of former elements. For the determination of minor elements such as Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd, we used ICP-AES and ICP-MS after microwave digestion and the results were compared with the result of XRF.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.409-415
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• 2011

The method to improve the detection sensitivity of Hand-held XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) device currently being developed is discussed. To minimize the loss of the intensity due to atmospheric gas molecules, the vacuum module, which can be filled with atmospheric or He gas, between the sample and the detector was installed. And the change of the detection sensitivity was measured in a vacuum and in the He gas-filled state. As a result, the following three important results were obtained; Firstly, XRF intensity was increased 2~4 times in the low energy range (3~4 keV). It is a very important result because the enhancement of the detection sensitivity means shortening of the detection time in Hand-held XRF device. Secondly, the possibility of detection of the elements less than 3 keV in emission energy was confirmed. Thirdly, the absorption by atmospheric gas molecules can be minimized without vacuum- sealed vessel in Hand-held XRF device, if the vacuum module filled with He gas is used. We concluded that all of three results are very meaningful in the development of a Hand-held XRF device.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2010

As a basic research for development of the domestic portable XRF spectrometer, we discussed the analytical results of bench-top and portable XRF methods for RoHS materials of the Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr(IV), polybrominated biphenyls(PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ehters(PBDE). The instrumental parameters such as measurement time of bench-top and portable XRF were optimized using certified reference materials of polyethylene and polypropylene with 5 hazardous materials of 0~1,200 mg/kg. The quantitative analysis of total-Cr, total-Br, Cd, Hg and Pb in certified reference materials and plastic samples were compared by empirical method, fundamental parameter method of bench-top XRF and portable XRF.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2009

The XRF core scanner was used, to analyze high resolution chemical elements in deep sea sediment cores from Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone of the northeastern Pacific. Comparison of data estimated by the XRF core scanner with ICP-AES showed relatively weak correlation coefficients between elements (especially Ba, Pb, Sr, Zr) except for Mn contents ($r^2$ > 0.89). However down-core variations of most elements seemed to be well matched each other and furthermore, XRF core scanner data reflected changes of sedimentary facies characterized by sediment colors. Mn/Al ratio dramatically changed at boundaries of facies in BC08-02-05 and BC08-02-13 but progressive changes occured in BC08-02-02, BC08-02-09 and BC08-02-10 where the sediments have been affected by bioturbations. The difference of Mn/Al ratio in each facies (Facies I, Facies II, Facies III) has been caused by redox condition of depositional environment. Vertical change of Mn/Al ratio were divided into two types probably affected by activities of benthic organisms in the study area.