• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.405-416
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• 2013

ZigBee is a wireless sensor network protocol recognized as a next-generation standard infrastructure for WBAN and Smart Grid. Security plays an important role in several ZigBee applications. Especially, strict membership control should be enforced when the membership is changed during the join and leave operations in ZigBee. In this paper, we investigate the security weakness of the current leave operation in ZigBee and propose a new security scheme to address it as well as its security and performance analysis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.2874-2892
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• 2013

Since security plays an important role in several ZigBee applications, such as Smart Energy and medical sensor applications, ZigBee Specification includes various security mechanisms to protect ZigBee frames and infrastructure. Among them, the Join and Leave operations of ZigBee are investigated in this paper. The current Join-Leave operation is protected by the network key (a kind of group key). We claim it is not adequate to employ the network key for such purpose, and propose a new Join-Leave operation protected by the application link key (a kind of pairwise key), which is based on a more efficient key management scheme than that of ZigBee. Hence, the original Join operation consists of a total of 12 command frames, while the new Join operation consists of only 6 command frames. In particular, the security of the proposed Join-Leave operation is equivalent to or better than that of the original Join-Leave operation. The new Join-Leave operation is extensively analyzed in terms of security and efficiency, and compared with the original Join-Leave operation of ZigBee.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

Security is critically important for ubiquitous sensor networks that are usually used for the military and serveillance in environments that are opened to attacks, such as, eavesdroping, replay attacks of abnormal messages, forgery of the messages to name a few. ZigBee has emerged as a strong contender for ubiquitous sensor networks. ZigBee is used for low data rate and low power wireless sensor network applications. To deploy ubiquitous sensor networks, the collected information requires protection from an adversary over the network in many cases. The security mechanism should be provided for collecting the information over the network. However, the ZigBee protocol has some security weaknesses. In this paper, these weaknesses are discussed and a method to improve security aspect of the ZigBee protocol is presented along with a comparison of the message complexity of the proposed security protocol with that of the current ZigBee protocol.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.745-759
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• 2012

It is shown in this paper that Yuksel-Nielson's key distribution scheme is not secure against key de-synchronization attack even though their scheme supplement ZigBee-2007 specification's security problems. Furthermore, a new key distribution scheme is proposed, which is the one to fix the security weakness of Yuksel-Nielson's scheme, as well as its security and performance analysis to verify its effectiveness.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2007

무선 기술이 가지는 장점인 설치의 편리성, 기동성으로 인하여, ZigBee를 이용한 홈 네트워크 서비스 활용성에 대한 기술개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이러한 유비쿼터스 홈 서비스의 활용성에도 불구하고 ZigBee 기반 홈 기기나 센서 정보의 도청, 비정상적인 패킷의 유통, 메시지 재사용등의 데이터 위/변조 문제와 네트워크 전체를 마비시킬 수 있는 서비스 거부 공격등에 쉽게 노출되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 이에 대한 효과적인 대응과 관리 처리를 위하여, 유비쿼터스 홈 네트워크에서의 ZigBee 기술을 사용할 시에 발생할 수 있는 보안 문제점을 해결하기 위한 ZigBee 기반 End-to-End 보안 기술을 개발하였다. 본 기술 개발의 특징은 ZigBee Device, 코디네이터/게이트웨이 영역은 ZigBee 표준 스펙을 구현하였으며, 응용어플리케이션/서버 영역은 표준 스펙이 정의 되어 있지 않으나, 이 부분을 유비쿼터스 홈 네트워크 서비스 관점에서 설계 및 구현하였다. ZigBee 디바이스가 가지는 하드웨어 자원의 빈약성을 고려하여 최대한 보안 기능을 리소스가 풍부한 응용어플리케이션/서버의 자원 활용에 촛점을 맞췄다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2022

The rapidly growing IoT market is expanding not only in general households but also in smart homes and smart cities. Among the major protocols used in IoT, ZigBee accounts for more than 90% of the smart home's door lock market and is mainly used in miniaturized sensor devices, so the safety of the protocol is very important. However, the device using Zig Bee is not satisfied with the omnidirectional safety because it uses a fixed key during the authentication process that connects to the network, and it has not been resolved in the recently developed ZigBee 3.0. This paper proposes a design method that provides omnidirectional safety to the ZigBee authentication protocol and can be quickly applied to existing protocols. The proposed improved ZigBee authentication protocol analyzed and applied the recently developed OWE protocol to apply ECDH, which has low computational volume and provides omnidirectional safety in IoT. Based on this, it provides the safety of the ZigBee authentication protocol, and it is expected that it will be able to provide user convenience as it does not require a separate certificate or password input.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2016.01a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2016

ZigBee는 전력소모가 적고 근거리통신방식을 사용하며 저비용인 장점을 가지는 개인 영역 네트워크 (PAN)이다. ZigBee가 산업과 헬스케어 등의 여러 애플리케이션에서 많이 사용되면서, 최근 ZigBee에서의 보안이 중요한 문제로 다루어졌다. 본 논문에서는 ZigBee 네트워크에서의 키 관리 기법을 조사하고 보안능력 및 성능을 분석한다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2012

ZigBee Network is enabling technology for home automation, surveillance and monitoring system. For better secure network environment, secure and robust security model is important. The paper proposes an application, attribute-based proxy re-encryption on ZigBee networks. The method can distribute the authority to designated sensor nodes to decrypt re-encrypted ciphertext with associated attributes. However, a previous method is required to compute complex pairing operations. The high complexity is not suited to low resource device sensor networks, and it does not provide routing security either. To resolve these problems, we present a novel mechanism. The method can reduce overhead by imposing overhead to full function devices and ensure routing paths as well.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2009

In an open environment such as Home Network, ZigBee Cluster comprising a plurality of Ato-cells is required to provide intense security over the movement of collected, measured data. Against this setting, various security issues are currently under discussion concerning master key control policies, Access Control List (ACL), and device sources, which all involve authentication between ZigBee devices. A variety of authentication methods including Hash Chain Method, token-key method, and public key infrastructure, have been previously studied, and some of them have been reflected in standard methods. In this context, this paper aims to explore whether a new method for searching for neighboring devices in order to detect device replications and Sybil attacks can be applied and extended to the field of security. The neighbor detection applied method is a method of authentication in which ACL information of new devices and that of neighbor devices are included and compared, using information on peripheral devices. Accordingly, this new method is designed to implement detection of malicious device attacks such as Sybil attacks and device replications as well as prevention of hacking. In addition, in reference to ITU-T SG17 and ZigBee Pro, the home network equipment, configured to classify the labels and rules into four categories including user's access rights, time, date, and day, is implemented. In closing, the results demonstrates that the proposed method performs significantly well compared to other existing methods in detecting malicious devices in terms of success rate and time taken.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.2B
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• pp.184-194
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• 2011

Security is critically important for smart grid networks that are usually used for the electric power network and IT environments that are opened to attacks, such as, eavesdropping, replay attacks of abnormal messages, forgery of the messages to name a few. ZigBee has emerged as a strong contender for smart grid networks. ZigBee is used for low data rate and low power wireless network applications. To deploy smart grid networks, the collected information requires protection from an adversary over the network in many cases. The security mechanism should be provided for collecting the information over the network. However, the ZigBee protocol has some security weaknesses. In this paper, these weaknesses are discussed and a method to improve security aspect of the ZigBee protocol is presented along with a comparison of the message complexity of the proposed security protocol with that of the current ZigBee protocol.