• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.163-165
• /
• 1999

The study was conducted to find the critical concentrations of zinc toxicity and to determine the changes of the contents of free proline and organic acids with treatment of different zinc chloride concentrations during rice germination and seedlings grown for seven days. The concentration of zinc chloride, 140 ppm, inhibited root elongation as much as 46 times compared with the control, and the germination rate was also decreased in all treatments of zinc chloride, showing that the germination rate decreased more with increasing concentrations of zinc chloride. Its rate was only 13% with treatment of 140 ppm zinc chloride. The content of free proline with treatment of zinc chloride, 140 ppm, was highest about 4,873 $\mu$M at 3 days compared with the control. Malic acid concentration with treatment of zinc chloride, 140 ppm, increased to approximately 4 times compared to the control. Citric and succinic acid content were also slightly increased in all treatments of zinc chloride.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.343-352
• /
• 1998

This experiment was performed to investigate effects of zinc containing solution on the major normal flora Staphylococccus aureus, Streptococus mutans and Candida albicans and to observe the variation according to anionic change and concentration difference. Zinc chloride, zinc iodide and zinc acetate solution were added to werially diluted broth culture so that each final concentration might be 0.25%, 0.5%. 1%. After that, 100ul of each aliquot was spreaded on each selective media plate( Mannitol Salts Agar plate for Staphylococcus aureus, Mitis Salivarius Agar plate for Streptococcus mutans and Sabouraud Destrose Agar plate for Candida albicans). The % killing was calculated bu CFU count after incubation under the appropriate condition. 1. zinc iodide, zinc chloride, and zinc acetate solutions showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. 2. The inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus were ranked in order of ainc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc actate. 3. The inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans were ranked in orfer of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 4. the inhibitory effects on Candida albicans showed no difference among zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 5. The inhibitory effects of zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutnas showed increasing pattern as the concentration increase. But the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans showed no apparent difference according to concentrations and it was the case with the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Candida albicans.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 1997

To evaluate the cytogenetic toxicity, of cadmium and the reducing effect of selenium or zinc on cadmium toxicity, the induction of SCEs in cultured human lymphocytes by the concentraion of 0.5 $\mu$M to 16.0 $\mu$M of cadmium chloride and those of cadmium chloride combined with sodium selenite or zinc chloride 1.2 $\mu$M, respectively was investigated. The induction of SCEs by cadmium chloride in the range of 0.5 $\mu$M to 16.0 $\mu$M increased in a dose-dependent manner. A notable increase in SCEs by sodium selenite as well as zinc chloride was also observed. However, the frequency of SCEs by cadmium chloride was inhibited by the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite and zinc chloride 1.2 $\mu$M, respectively. The mitotic index significantly decreased in higher concentration of cadmium chloride but not was significantly different in any concentration of cadmium chloride with the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite or zinc chloride. The results showed that the decreased additive SCE effect was observed when induced by the combined treatment which could suggest that sodium selenite and zinc chloride have a protective effect on cadmium chloride.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2010

The zinc electroplating with respect to the chloride concentration was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and cathodic polarization measurement. The cathodic overpotential during electroplating was first decreased and then increased with increase of chloride concentration in electrolyte. The decreased cathodic overpotential leads to preferred orientation of (002) plane, high current efficiency and satisfactory zinc deposits. The increased cathodic overpotential causes random orientation, low current efficiency and edge burning. The cathodic overpotential was affected by chloride concentration in electrolyte, not by the kind of chloride, such as NaCl and KCl. An optimized chloride concentration was 3 M for zinc electroplating. Also, it is considered that NaCl can be a alternation for KCl as a main salt of zinc electroplating bath.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.291-302
• /
• 1992

Effects of Zinc chloride on the immune responses were studied in ICR mice. ICR male mice were divided into 5 groups(10 mice/group) and Zinc chloride at doses of 0.3, 1.2, 4.8 and 19.2 mg/kg were orally administered to ICR male mice once a day for three weeks. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells(S-RBC). The results of this study were summarized as follows; (1) Zinc chloride significantly increased the body weight rate, the weight ratios of spleen and thymus to body weight and the number of circulating leukocyte, but significantly decreased them at the high dose of it, and increased dose-dependently the weight ratio of liver to body weight. (2) Zinc chloride significantly increased hemagglutination titer, Arthus reaction and plaque forming cell related to humoral immunity, but significantly decreased them at the high dose of it. (3) Zinc chloride significantly increased delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and rosette forming cell related to cellular immunity, but significantly decreased them at the high dose of it. (4) Zinc choride significantly enhanced phagocytic activity, but significantly decreased according to the increase of its dose. These results suggest that high dose of zinc chloride decreased humoral, cellular and non-specific immune responses.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.132-141
• /
• 1995

The objectives of this study was to find the effect of zinc salt treated with coconut activated carbon and the effect of humic substance. The bottle- Point technique was used in determining the Freundlich isotherm equation. The adsorptive capacity of granular activated carbon was reduced when humic substance are present. Coconut activated carbon was coated with 0.0001 N zinc chloride decreased the BET surface area but increased the adsorptive capacity more than coconut activated carbon not coated with zinc chloride. The adsorptive capacity of TCE in coconut activated carbon coated with higher concentration of zinc chloride was reduced but increased in the solution containing humic substance when the coconut activated carbon was coated with 0.01 N- zinc chloride. The zinc salt coated with coconut activated carbon did not Increase the adsorptive velocity of coconut activated carbon.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.339-348
• /
• 2000

The study was conducted on the effect of bath composition on the surface appearance, the hardness and the crystal orientation of zinc electrodeposits from the chloride bath. (1) The hardness of the zinc electrodeposits from the chloride bath was increased by suppressing mass transfer of zinc through adding the organic additives and the chlorine ion in the electrolyte. (2) The surface whiteness of zinc deposits was decreased due to the change of the preferred orientation from (002) , (103) to (101) , (100) through increasing the organic additives and chlorine ion in the electrolyte. (3) The addition of Cu, Sn, Ni or Co in the chloride bath elevated the hardness of the zinc deposits but darkened the surface whiteness. (4) The optimum condition of the organic additives and the chlorine ion for increasing the hardness of zinc deposits and preventing dark surface ranges 0.3 m1/1 to 0.4 m1/1 and 6.5 mol/1 to 6.8mol/l respectively.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 1992

In the electrolysis process of zinc plating impurity ions must be removed from zinc chloride plating solution because it's harmful to the current efficiency and the purity of zinc plating. In this study using zinc ball as a prcipitant instead of zinc dust, the fundamental data for continuous cementation process was studied. Based upon two series of experiments that consist of batch experiment with cylindrical zinc specimen and continuous experiment with zinc balls, following results have been obtained. In the continuous experiment all impurity ions have been removed within 1 hour regardless of various experimental conditions.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.365-369
• /
• 2001

EAF's dust has been treated mainly by pyrometallurgical reduction process in rotary kiln furnace to recover valuable metal elements such as Zn and to avoid the disposal of hazardous materials to waste. Recently, hydrometallurgical eletrowinning of zinc from a zinc-amino chloride solution obtained by the leaching of EAF's dust was developed to recover high grade zinc metal from EAF’s dust. But there are some disadvantages in each process such as difficulty of operation condition control and sticking problem in kiln process and low extractability and recovery of zinc owing to insoluble zinc-ferrite in electrowinning process. We propose a new combined process of pyrometallurgical one and hydrometallurgical one to treat EAF's dust efficiently and economically. In this study, ammonium chloride solution leaching of crude zinc oxide recovered from reduction of EAF's dust was carried out to find out the efficiency of zinc extraction from it and the possibility for performance of eletrowinning in the proposed process. Effects of various leaching variables ruck as leaching temperature, concentration of leaching solution and leaching time were investigated. And the leaching results of the crude zinc oxide were compared with those of EAF's dust. The extraction percents of zinc in ammonium chloride solution leaching of the crude zinc oxide recovered from reduction of EAF's dust were above 80% after 60 minutes of leaching under the leaching condition of 4M NH$_4$CI concentration and above leaching temperature of 7$0^{\circ}C$. And the concentrations of zinc in the leached solution were obtained above 50g/$\ell$. The activation energy calculated for zinc extraction in NH$_4$CI leaching was 58.1 KJ/㏖ for EAF's dust and 15.8 KJ/㏖ for the crude zinc oxide recovered from reduction of EAF's dust.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 1997

The toxic and detoxifying effects of cadmium and zinc on rat plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels were investigated in rats. Rats were injected by i.p. with saline (0.9%), cadmium chloride (0.25 or 0.5mg/kg body weight) and pretreated with zinc chloride (4mg/kg body weight) before cadmium chloride treatment 1 or 2 weeks, respectively. The ACTH levels were no significant differences in cadmium 0.25mg/kg-treated group, but were significantly decreased in cadmium 0.5mg/kg-treated group compared with normal group. The ACTH levels after zinc pretreatment for 1 week were significantly increased but zinc pretreatment for 2 week were no difference. The serum cortisol levels of cadmium treated rats were significantly decreased, but were increased in zinc pretreated rats. The results showed that the zinc have some protective effect on cadmium toxicity in rats.