• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1804-1808
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• 2003

A layer experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementary methionine chelates (Cu, Zn and Mn), individual or in combination, on laying performance, eggshell quality, gizzard erosion, and IgG level of serum for 8 weeks. Five hundred 96-wk-old force molted ISA Brown layers were assigned to five dietary treatments. Basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed the nutrients requirements listed in NRC (1994). Five experimental diets were control, Zn-methionine chelate (Zn-Met) supplemented, Cumethionine chelate (Cu-Met) supplemented, Zn-Mn-methionine chelate (Zn-Mn-Met) supplemented and Zn-Mn-Cu-Met supplemented diet. Each treated diet was supplemented with respective mineral(s) at the level of 100 ppm in the form of methionine chelate. Egg production was increased by Cu-Met supplementation but decreased by Zn-Met supplementation. Egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) lower in Cu-Met treatment than those of the control and Zn-Met treatment. Specific gravity of eggs and eggshell strength were highest and soft egg production was lowest in Cu-Met treatment. Gizzard erosion index was significantly increased by supplementation of Cu-Met, Zn-Mn-Met or Zn-Mn-Cu-Met. Zinc content in liver significantly increased by Zn-Met, but not by Zn-Mn-Cu-Met treatment. In conclusion, 100 ppm Cu in Cu-Met chelate improved laying performance and eggshell quality but also increased gizzard erosion index. Supplementation of Zn-Met or its combination with other mineral chelates had no beneficial effects on laying performance and eggshell quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.66-68
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted investigate the of supplemental Cu and Zn methionine chelates on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum IgG level, gizzard erosion, and Cu and Zn contents in the liver and excretion of broiler chickens. One thousand hatched broiler chickens (Ross) of one day old were assigned to 4 treatments:control(T1), 100ppm of copper in the from of Cu-methionine chelate(Cu-Met, T2), 100ppm of zinc in the from of Zn-methionine chelate(Zn-Met, T3) and 100ppm of copper plus 100ppm of zinc in the from of methionine chelate(Cu-Zn-Met, T4). Each treatment had four replications of 50 bird each. Weight gain of chicks fed chelated products were significantly higher than that of chicks fed control(P＜0.05).Combination of Cu and Zn chelates(Cu-Zn-Met) tended to show the best growth rate and feed conversion ratio. Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary treatments. Serum IgG level of chicks fed Cu-Zn-Met was significantly higher than that of chicks fed control(P＜0.05). Gizzard erosion index was not significantly different among treatments. Contents of Cu and Zn in liver were not significantly affected by dietary treatments, whereas excretions of these minerals were significantly affected by dietary treatments.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental copper or/and zinc methionine chelates(Cu-Met or/and Zn-Met) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, serum IgG level, gizzard erosion, and the contents of Cu and Zn in liver and excreta of broiler chickens. One thousand d-old broiler chickens (Ross$^{(R)}$) were assigned to 4 treatments: control, 100 ppm Cu in methionine chelate(Cu-Met), 100 ppm Zn in methionine chelate(Zn-Met) and 100 ppm Cu plus 100 ppm Zn in methionine chelate(Cu-Zn-Met). Each treatment had five replications of 50 (25 male + 25 female) birds each. Average weight gains of chicks fed chelated Cu or/and Zn were significantly higher than that of chicks fed the control (P<0.05). Moreover, feed conversion rates of chicks were better in the chicks fed chelated Cu or/and Zn than in the chicks fed the control (P<0.05). The birds fed the chelated Cu and Zn(Cu-Zn-Met) tended to perform the best growth rate and feed conversion rate. Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by the dietary treatments. Serum IgG level of chicks fed Cu-Zn-Met was significantly higher than that of chicks fed the control (P<0.05). Gizzard erosion index was not significantly different among the treatments. The contents of Cu and Zn in liver were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. The excreta contents of Cu or/and Zn were significantly high in the birds fed supplementary Cu or/and Zn. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of Cu or/and Zn in methionine chelated form improved growth and feed conversion efficiency of broilers.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2007

Holstein cows(n=8) were assigned to control diet(n=4) and treatment diet(n=4) containing products of Bromelain(50g/kg) and Zn-methionine (133g/kg). Basal diet was mixed as total mixed rations with 60% concentrate and 40% roughage(rice straw) and fed for 8 weeks. The milk production, somatic cell counts in milk were measured and determined. The results were summarized as follow. Average milk production was higher for cows fed treatment diet(30.2kg/d) than cows fed control diet(29.6kg/d) (P<0.05). The somatic cell counts was significantly lower for cows fed treatment diet ($179.8{\times}10^3/ml$) than cows fed control diet ($260.8{\times}10^3/ml$)(P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of both Bromelain and Zn-methionine increased milk production and reduced somatic cell counts in milk.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of zinc (Zn) sources (zinc oxide and Zn-methionine) on performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles, and digestive enzymes of the pancreas and small intestine in Korean native chicks (KNC). A total of 144 KNC (n=6) were fed a basal diet (CON, 100 ppm of Zn), a basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm of Zn with ZnO (ZNO), or a basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm of Zn with Zn-methionine (ZMT) for 28 days. There was no significant difference in body weight, gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among the three groups. The relative weights of the liver, spleen, and intestinal mucosa were unaffected by the dietary source of Zn, whereas pancreas weight in the ZNO group decreased (P<0.05) compared with that in the CON and ZMT groups. Blood biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were unaffected by dietary Zn supplementation. Pancreatic trypsin activity in the ZNO and ZMT groups was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced compared with that in the CON group. However, the activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase and carboxypeptidase A were not altered by dietary Zn supplementation. The activities of maltase and sucrase were unchanged, whereas the activity of leucine aminopeptidase tended (P=0.08) to be increased by dietary Zn supplementation. In conclusion, the supplementation with 50 ppm of ZnO or Zn-methionine resulted in an activation of protein digestive enzymes in the pancreas and small intestine without affecting animal performance in KNC.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.161-171
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• 2019

Four-week-old male Korean native chicks (KNC) were assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates (8 birds/replicate) in each group: a basal diet (CON, 100 ppm of Zn), basal diet fortified with 50 ppm of Zn with zinc oxide (ZnO), or basal diet fortified with 50 ppm of Zn with Zn-methionine (ZnM). Immediately after a 4-week-feeding trial, 6 birds per group were used to evaluate the effects of zinc supplements on antioxidant indicators and the mRNA expression of zinc transport genes. The nitrogen components, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant status in blood were not influenced by Zn fortified diets. However, the ZnM group showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in uric acid levels than those in the ZnO group. In the small intestine, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were unaffected by zinc supplements. The activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced by Zn-methionine supplementation. In the liver, the activity of GST was significantly (P<0.05) increased by Zn-methionine supplement without affecting SOD, GPX, and MDA levels. With respect to the mRNA expression of zinc transport genes, the ZnM group displayed a strong tendency for increases in intestinal ZnT-1 (P=0.09) and ZnT-5 (P=0.06) levels, compared to those in the CON group. Moreover, the ZnM group showed a tendency (P=0.10) for up-regulation of hepatic metallothionein mRNA as compared with the CON group. In conclusion, the Zn-fortified diet with 50 ppm of Zn-methionine helped to improve GST activity and Zn transport gene expression in the small intestine or liver of KNC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.396-403
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• 2009

Male broiler chicks were fed graded levels of organic zinc (zinc-methionine) supplementation to investigate the effects of partial or complete substitution of the organic zinc source for inorganic ones on the development of lymphoid organs and immunological responses. A total of 450 day-old male broilers were distributed into groups of 10 chicks and randomly assigned to nine experimental diets during a 42-day feeding trial. Dietary treatments consisted of two basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg added zinc as feed-grade Zn sulfate or Zn oxide in which, Zn was replaced with that provided from zinc-methionine (ZnMet) complex at the levels of 25, 50, 75 or 100%. Two randomly-selected birds from each pen replicate were bled and then slaughtered by cervical cutting on the final day of the trial to measure leukocyte subpopulations and relative weights of lymphoid organs. Among lymphoid organs, only thymus weight was affected (p<0.05) by dietary treatments. The sulfate-supplemented birds were heavier (p<0.01) in relative weight of thymus than oxide-supplemented birds. The 10 days of age-assessed cutaneous hypersensivity reaction was stronger in chicks fed ZnMet-containing diets. Dietary ZnMet supplementation caused (p<0.05) an increase in proportion of lymphocytes and consequently a decrease in heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Diet fortification by zinc-methionine complex increased (p<0.01) Newcastle antibody titer at 19 days of age. Also, a similar response was observed in antibody titers at 6 and 12 d after infectious bronchitis vaccine administration. There was no significant effect of replacement of dietary zinc on antibody titer against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at the 6th d post-vaccine inoculation; however, at d 12 after vaccination, ZnMet-fortified diets improved antibody titer against IBDV. Although dietary inclusion of ZnMet had no marked effect on primary antibody titer against sheep erythrocytes, effective responses were observed during secondary reaction from the viewpoint of both total antibody and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) titers. From the present findings, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation with organic zinc improves both cellular and humoral immune responses. It is necessary to replace 75% of supplemental inorganic zinc with organic ZnMet complex to achieve the optimum immunological responses in broiler chicks.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1091-1096
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• 2007

Water dispersible ZnS:Mn nanocrystals were synthesized by capping the surface of the nanocrystals with four kinds of aminoacids ligands: arginine, cystein, histidine, and methionine. The aminoacids capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystal powders were characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, EDXS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The optical properties of the aminoacids capped ZnS:Mn colloidal nanocrystals were also measured by UV/Vis and solution photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies in aqueous solvents. The solution PL spectra showed broad emission peaks around 575 nm (orange light emissions) with PL efficiencies in the range of 4.4 to 7.1%. The measured particle sizes for the aminoacid capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystals by HR-TEM images were in the range of 5.3 to 11.7 nm.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.8-10
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• 2006

Compositions of methionine-metal chelates have been investigated by FT-IR and XRD studies to elucidate their molecular structures. It was concluded that Copamin and Zincamin contain a high percentage of crystalline products, presumably 2:1 Methionine-Cu or Zn complexes. On the contrary, FT-IR and XRD spectra of Ferramin didn't show any characteristics of the chelate and it was concluded to contain major components of starting $FeSO_4$ and methionine without chelation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1998

Eighteen lambs were used to determine the effects of zinc (Zn) level and source on Zn status and immune function during both normal conditions and conditions of physiologic stress. Treatments consisted of a basal diet (27.6 mg of Zn/kg), and the basal diet supplemented with 25 mg of Zn/kg, added as either zinc oxide or zinc methionine. The basal diet was a corn-cottonseed hull-isolated soy protein- based diet (14% CP). Lambs were weighed and blood samples taken at 28-d intervals for determination of serum Zn and alkaline phosphatase activity. Weights and serum Zn were similar (p > 0.10) among treatments at all sampling days. To evaluate immune responses and Zn status during conditions of physiologic stress lambs were administered 100 I.U. of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) on d 112 and feed was withheld for 48 h. Cortisol levels were elevated (p < .01) 5 h post ACTH injection, but had returned to initial levels after 48 h. Lymphocyte blastogenesis ([$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation) on d 112 (prior to ACTH injection) and 114 was unaffected (p > .10) by dietary treatment. However, blastogenesis in response to pokeweed mitogen was greater (p < .0001), whereas the response to phytohemagglutinin was reduced (p < .01) following ACTH administration and fasting. Antibody response to administration of porcine red blood cells was unaffected (p > .05) by dietary treatment. These results indicate that, given the Zn concentration of the basal diet, there was no enhancement of immune function by supplemental Zn, either before or after lambs were subjected to stress.