• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.849-862
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to classify the characteristic and conduct a typological analysis of college students' attitudes toward remarriage by the elderly, employing Q-methodology. The results are as follows: College students strongly supported the opinion that remarriage relieves the elderly of loneliness, and that familial support is crucial for the remarriage to happen. They also rejected of the idea that the elderly would feel ashamed to remarry. Students' attitudes towards the elderly's remarriage fell into three classifications: the progressively accepting type, the realistically accepting type, and the conservatively accepting type. Type 1, "progressively accepting type" enthusiastically accepts and supports the elderly's remarriage as a progressive and emotive relationship. The "realistically accepting type" holds the opinion that remarriage in later life is based on overcoming loneliness or satisfying attachment need rather than love. This typology believes that the elderly would not be equal as spouses, and would not be overly distressed by public perception. The type 3, "conservatively accepting type" believes that remarriage would be likely to strain the elderly's relationship with other family members, that it will not be the beginning of a new independent life, but are generally accepting of the idea of remarriage in later life.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.633-639
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• 2023

We synthesized 2-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (MPPO) and 5,5-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3,7-diyl)-bis-(2-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (DPPO). MPPO has both electron-donating and electron-accepting substituents with asymmetric molecular geometry. By incorporating one extra electron-accepting group into MPPO, we created a symmetric molecule, which is DPPO. The optical and electrochemical properties of these compounds were measured. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of DPPO was lower than that of MPPO. The excited-state dipole moment of DPPO, with symmetric geometry, was calculated to be 4.1 Debye, whereas MPPO, with asymmetric geometry, had a value of 7.0 Debye. The charge-carrier mobility of both compounds was similar. We fabricated non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using D-A type molecules as an emitting layer. The current efficiency of the DPPO-based device was 7.8 cd/A, and the external quantum efficiency was 2.4% at 100 cd/m², demonstrating significantly improved performance compared to the MPPO-based device. The photophysical and electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of the two D-A type molecules showed that molecular symmetry, as well as the lowered LUMO level of DPPO, played critical roles in the enhancement of EL performance.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.494-498
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• 1995

Maize mitochondrial tRNAs for isoleucine have been isolated using a putative $tRNA^{Ile}$ gene probe which has been previously isolated and characterized. It contains the 5'-CAT anticodon which would normally recognize the AUG methionine codon. The nucleotide sequence of one of these tRNAs has been partially determined, and contains a modified nucleotide at the first position of the anticodon. This type of posttranscriptional modification event could change the specificity of amino acid acceptance of a tRNA, unlike that deduced from the corresponding gene. An aminoacylation experiment also demonstrated that these purified tRNAs have isoleucine acceptance activity but no methionine-accepting activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1098-1104
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• 2014

New electron deficient acceptor-acceptor-acceptor type of monomer unit composed of weak electron accepting benzimidazole and relatively strong electron accepting benzothiadiazole derivatives namely 4,7-bis(6-bromo-1-(2-ethylhexyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BBB) was synthesized. The Stille polycondensation of the newly synthesized BBB monomer with electron donating 2,6-bis(trimethyltin)-4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) afforded donor-acceptor-acceptor-acceptor type of polymer namely 2,6-(4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7-bis(1-(2-ethylhexyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (PBDTBBB). The opto-electrical studies revealed that the absorption band of PBDTBBB appeared in the range of 300 nm-525 nm and its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels were positioned at -5.18 eV and -2.84 eV, respectively. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the polymer solar cell (PSC) prepared from PBDTBBB:PC71BM (1:2 wt %) blend was 1.90%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.255-270
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• 2020

Purpose: This study explored experiences of mothers caring for children with precocious puberty. Methods: Q-methodology was used for analyzing individual subjectivity. Seventy Q-statements were selected and scored by 50 participants on an 11-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Results: The following eight types of care experiences of mothers of children with precocious puberty were identified: Type I-1: hypersensitive and best-result oriented, Type I-2: treatment burden, Type II-1: treatment-oriented, Type II-2: self-blame, Type III-1: accepting and compliant, Type III-2: treatment confused, Type IV-1: serious and engaged, and Type IV-2: naturalism-oriented. Conclusion: These results can help develop specific education programs based on types of care experiences for the promotion of care among mothers of children with precocious puberty.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate consciousness of users about management of multipurpose space introduced in open planned elementary school after the year of 1990's. Thirteen open planned elementary schools were participated through questionnaire and interviews. As the results, the positive response was maintained a superior position in the need of multipurpose space and changes of classroom management. Independence type in the arrangement of multipurpose space and the additional corridor type having extra moving line in comparison with the extensional corridor type were remarkably preferred, respectively. The consciousness of utilization about multipurpose space was comparatively low in a type having traffic line in surroundings of classroom compared to a type having entrance or a type having roundabout corridor. Finally, the group accepting changes positively showed high need to solve urgent problems about management of classroom.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.725-729
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• 2007

We present calculations for the acetonitrile - water clusters to examine the nature of interactions in the mixed clusters. We calculate conformers of various composition, either of σ -type (-OH and -CN binding linearly) or π -type (-OH and -CN interacting perpendicularly) structures for the acetonitrile - water clusters. We predict that the IR frequency of the proton-accepting C≡N stretching mode red-shifts in the σ -type clusters and blueshifts in π -type conformers, whereas the proton-donating ?OH stretching frequency red-shifts in all cases. We find that this intriguing pattern also applies to the acetonitrile - water clusters of various molar ratio.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.59.2-59.2
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• 2012

Polymer solar cells utilize bulk heterojunction (BHJ) type photo-active layer in which the electron donating polymer and electron accepting $C_{60}$ derivatives are blended. We found there is significant charge recombination at the interface between the BHJ active layer and electrode. The charge recombination at the interface was effectively reduced by inserting wide band gap inorganic interfacial layer, which resulted in efficiency and stability enhancement of BHJ polymer solar cell.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.74-74
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• 2011

Polymer solar cells utilize bulk heterojunction (BHJ) type photo-active layer in which the electron donating polymer and electron accepting C60 derivatives are mixed together. In the BHJ system the electron donating polymer and electron accepting C60 derivatives are blended. The blended system causes charge recombination at the interface between the BHJ active layer and electrode. To reduce the charge recombination at the interface, it is needed to use an interlayer that can selectively transfer electrons or holes. We have developed solution processable wide band gap inorganic interfacial layers for polymer solar cells. The effect of interlayers on the performance of polymer solar cell was investigated for various types of conjugated polymers. We have found that inorganic interfacial layers enhanced the solar cell efficiency through the reduction of charge recombination at the interface between active layer and electrode. Furthermore, the stability of the polymer solar cell using the interlayer was significantly improved. The efficiency of 6.5% was obtained from the PTB7:PCBM70 based solar cells utilizing $TiO_2$nanoparticles as an interlayers.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

This study is an attempt to provide fundamental information on how to manage menstruation discomforts by surveying the subjective viewpoint s on menstruation from female college students. Utilizing 40 Q-samples in Seoul between May 1 and June 30, 2001, data has been collected from 30 randomized P-samples. Data analysis involves the PC QUANL Program, Q-factor analysis, and Principal Component Analysis. The result of the data analysis gives four types of categorizat ion as follows : The first is the "inconvenience-recognizing" type that includes 10 subjects out of 30. During menstruation, this type of subject usually complained of physical discomfort such as pain in the lower back and abdomen. Even though they considered menstruation to be troublesome, they did nothing about the in convenience. The second is the "positively-accepting" type that includes 7 subjects out of 30. This type of subject takes menstruation as natural and even a privilege for a woman. They think they are blessed to conceive a new life through their biological cycle. Therefore unlike other types, they rarely complained of any physical and psychological discomfort caused by menstruation. The third is the "destined course" type that includes 6 subjects out of 30. This type of subject endures the discomfort caused by menstruation with out any medication or medical treatment. They appeared to take menstruation a s fate without having any specially negative or positive attitude. The fourth is the "negatively-accepting" type that includes 7 out 30. This type of subject takes menstruation as negative, even if it is unavoidable for a woman. Menstruation, very negatively taken, felt uncomfortable and caused them to have pain in the lower back and abdomen and an oversensitive nervous system. The four types of attitude towards menstruation show their own characteristic features in dealing with menstruation. Understanding these features in detail will enhance nursing implementation which is related to menstruation. This study is intended to provide fundamental information with which nurses can deal with menstruation problems by investigating subjective viewpoints about menstruation. This study is a stepping stone on which further study on this subject can build to develop an effective and efficient way to deal with menstruation discomforts.