• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to confirm biohydrogenation of linoleic acid and stearic acid production by mixed men fungi and bacteria. In mixed fungal biohydrogenation study, when linoleic acid solution was added to fungal culture (after 24 hr pre-incubation), all linoleic acids were converted to trans-11 vaccenic acid via cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid production within 24 hr period of incubation. All linoleic acid solution was hydrogenated to trans-11 vaccenic acid within 24 hr incubation and this was continued until the end of incubation (48 hr). Both treatments (added linoleic acid solution or the same amount of solution without containing linoleic acid into fungal cultures) produced the similar amount of stearic acid. In contrast, 100% of linoleic acid solution was hydrogenated to stearic acid in mixed bacterial culture. It is concluded that the end product of mixed fungal biohydrogenation of linoleic acid is trans-11 vaccenic acid whereas mixed bacteria produced stearic acid as an end product of their biohydrogenation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 1987

Four triterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens : two new triterpenoids named pubescenolic acid (I) and pubescenic acid (II), and two known triterpenoids ilexolic acid (III) and oleanolic acid (IV). Chemical and spectroscopic studies have established I and II as 20-epipomolic acid and 24-carboxypomolic acid, repectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.148-151
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• 1997

Platycodon root contains abundant pharmaceutical substances and is widely used as a food and a medicinal herb. To identify the major components of the three-year-old and the 24-year-old platycodon roots cultivated in a local farm were analyzed and compared with their chemical compositions prior to their pharmaceutical substances, which were used as the fundamental data. There were no differences in chemical composition, inorganic compositions and fatty acid compositions between the 24-year-old and three-year-old roots. Total amino acid contents were 375.8 mg% and 891.6 mg% in the 24-year-old and three-year-old platycodcon roots, respectively. Sixteen species of amino acid were identified by amino acid autolyzer except cysteine both in the 24-year-old and three-year-old roots. Linoleic acid, which was the highest fatty acid contained both in the 24-year-old and three-year-old roots, was estimated to be 48.7% and 39.1% of total fatty acids, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.24-24
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• 1992

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 1992

For the production of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid from nicotinic acid, bacteria capable of assimilating nicotinic acid as a sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source were isolated from soils. Among them, SH-007, newly isolated strain having the best acitivity of nicotinic acid hydroxylase was selected and identified as Pseudomonas sp. The specific acitivity of nicotinic acid hydroxylase of Pseudomonas sp. was highest when the strain was cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs in the medium (pH 7.5) containing 2 g nicotinic acid, 1 g $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, and 0.5 g peptone per liter. The addition of 1.5 g/l of nicotinic acid into the 24 hrs incubated culture medium resulted in the 12% higher specific acitivity of nicotinic acid hydroxylase than that of the non-added control after further 18 hrs incubation. In the 6-hydroxynicotinic acid production through the reaction with resting cells, 2.22 g/l of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid was produced from 2 g/l of nicotinic acid after incubation of 3 hrs under optimum conditions, which correpsonds to 98.2% of theoretical 6-hydroxynicotinic acid yield.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1328-1334
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• 2006

This paper aimed to study the toxicity of arsanilic acid on rat primary hepatocytes in vitro by a modification of the perfusion method. The conditions included concentrations of 0, 1.085, 10.85, 108.5, 1,085 and 10,850 mg/kg arsanilic acid in RPMI 1,640 medium at rat hepatocytes plates respectively, each group had five repeats at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. The rat primary hepatocytes survival ratio, DNA Ladder, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in hepatocytes, activity of SOD in the medium and the expression of gene bax in hepatocytes were measured at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h respectively. The results showed that arsanilic acid decreased the activities of GSH-px and SOD, and increased the activity of CAT in all dosages, and affected as positive DNA ladder. Although the SOD activities of both hepatocytes and medium in 1.085 mg/L arsanilic acid were significantly lower than the base line at 12 h, CAT activity in 10.85 mg/L arsanilic acid was significantly higher than the base line at 48 h, and all of the DNA ladders were positive, which means 1.085 mg/L arsanilic acid induced apoptosis at 24 h. The gene expression of bax was significantly upregulated in 1.085 mg/L arsanilic acid or higher for 24 h.The parameters in 1,085 mg/L and 10,850 mg/L arsanilic acid had more severe changes than the others at any time indicating that these levels of arsanilic acid were toxic hazards for hepatocyte survival. It was concluded that arsanilic acid induced a dosage- and time-dependent gene expression of bax, 1.085 mg/L arsanilic acid could be involved in rat liver cell apoptosis at 24 h. Arsanilic acid as additives in livestock feed could present potential toxic implications for farm animals.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

The present study was carried out to explore the potential effects of novel lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus penticeous KCC-23 (KCC-23) and Lactobacillus plantarum KCC-24 (KCC-24) on rye haylage fermentation at National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan province in Korea. The experiment contains three different groups such as control without lactic acid bacteria, rye haylage with KCC-23 and rye haylage KCC-24. After experimental periods, the content of crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the activity of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and In-vitro digestibility (IVD) was similar in control and LAB treated haylage (p<0.05). The pH was reduced in KCC-23 and KCC-24 treated rye haylage as compared to control (p<0.05). The lactic acid concentration in haylages was increased by L. plantarum KCC-23, and KCC-24 supplement. Whereas, the less amount of acetic acid and butyric acid was noted in KCC-23 and KCC-24 treated haylage as compared with control (p<0.05). The KCC-23 and KCC-24 were dominantly grown in experimental haylage as compared with control. It indicates, the addition of KCC-23, and KCC-24 enhances fermentation quality of haylages as compared control. The present study suggests that KCC-23 and KCC-24 are potent strains that were improving the fermentation process in rye haylage

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1987

Methanol extract of Ilex pubescens roots prolonged bleeding time threefold, and inhibited the generation of malondialdehyde released during platelet aggregation inducted by thrombin. Through several purification procedures, its saponin, named ilexoside, was proved to be responsible for the antithrombotic activities of the plant. Ilexosides A, -D and -J and 24-carboxypomolic acid showed strong inhibitory activities on platelet aggregation induced by thrombin.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 1982

Fatty acid and sterol composition of soybean seedlings was investigated by treatment of light irradiation time. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In hypocotyl of seedlings, the proportion of linoleic and linolenic acid was in creased with increasing light irradiation time, while those of palmitic and stearic acid was decreased. 2. In root of seedlings, the proportion of palmitic and linolenic acid was decreased with increasing light irradiation time, but those of stearic and oleic acid was in creased 2 days after germination. 3. Throughout their growth, the main sterol of cotyledon was the stigmasterol but that of in hypocotyl and roots was sitosterol. 4. On 6 days after planting, the content of sitosterol was the highest in hypocotyl of seedlings recieved 24-hour irradiation. 5. The proportion of sitosterol in root was decreased with growth duration under the dark and 24 hour-irradiation condition while increased under 16 hour irradiation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2023

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of baicalein (BA) on the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) and lipoteichoic acid. Methods : RAW 264.7 co-stimulated with poly-IC and lipoteichoic acid were incubated with baicalein at concentrations of 25 and 50 μM. Incubation time is 16 h, 18 h, 20 h, 22 h, and 24 h. After incubation, The production of hydrogen peroxide in RAW 264.7 was measured with dihydrorhodamine 123 assay. Chrysin was used as a comparative material. NO production was evaluated by griess assay. Results : For 16 h, 18 h, 20 h, 22 h, and 24 h incubation, BA at the concentration of 25 and 50 μM significantly inhibited the production of hydrogen peroxide in RAW 264.7 stimulated by poly-IC and lipoteichoic acid (p <0.001). In details, production of hydrogen peroxide in 'poly-IC and lipoteichoic acid'-stimulated RAW 264.7 treated for 16 h with BA at concentrations of 25 and 50 μM was 82.36% and 77.24% of the control group treated with poly-IC and lipoteichoic acid only, respectively; the production of hydrogen peroxide for 18 h was 83.15% and 77.91%, respectively;production of hydrogen peroxide for 20 h was 82.88% and 77.82%, respectively; production of hydrogen peroxide for 22 h was 83.27% and 78.17%, respectively; production of hydrogen peroxide for 24 h was 83.54% and 78.35%, respectively. Additionally, BA at the concentration of 50 and 100 μM significantly inhibited NO production in lipoteichoic acid-induced RAW 264.7 (p <0.001). Conclusions : BA might have anti-oxidative activity related to its inhibition of hydrogen peroxide production in 'poly-IC and lipoteichoic acid'-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.