• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.493-499
• /
• 2012

We have established adventitious root culture systems of Codonopsis lanceolata, Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis ussuriensis. Root segments of C. lanceolata were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $18.8{\pm}1.9$ roots per explant. Root segments of C. pilosula were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $1.0mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $8.5{\pm}1.8$ roots per explant. Leaf segments of C. ussuriensis were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots and the number of adventitious root for explant was highest on solid medium with $0.5mg/{\ell}$ NAA and produced $7.8{\pm}0.4$ roots per explant. In liquid culture, the best production of adventitious root (fresh weight) was obtained in 1/2 MS medium with $1.0mg/{\ell}$ NAA. This study demonstrated for the first time to produce adventitious roots in C. pilosula and C. ussuriensis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 2003

This paper reported the establishment of mass production system of adventitious roots of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus through the shake flask and bio-reactor culture. Induction of adventitious roots was started from the explants of germinated somatic embryos on half-strength Murashing and Skoog (MS) solid medium. The frequency of adventitious root formation was better in the explants comprising the basal hypocotyl parts than root explants alone. Among the different auxins tested (NAA, IBA and IAA), frequency of adventitious root induction was highest on medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA, and produced $16.3\pm1.9$ roots per explant. In shake-flask culture, deletion of $NH_4NO_3$ of MS medium was effective for induction of adventitious root compared with both full and half-strength MS media. Fresh weight increase of induced adventitious roots was performed well in medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA. When adventitious roots produced in shake-flask culture were transferred to 10-liter bioreactor, 5.5 times of fresh weight increase was gained after one month of culture. HPLC analysis revealed that the amount of eleutheroside E and E1 was higher in in vitro cultured adventitious roots than the 3 year-old field cultivated root barks of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus. The content of eltutheroside B was much lower in adventitious roots than that of field cultivated one.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.143-157
• /
• 2019

Medicinal plants are high-value natural resources that have been used as precautionary drugs by many people globally. The increasing global demand for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants has led to the overexploitation of many valuable species. One widely used approach to overcome this problem is the use of adventitious root cultures as a propagation strategy. This review examines the scientific research published globally on the application of adventitious root cultures for many medicinal plants. Adventitious roots generated under aseptic environments in suitable phytohormone-augmented medium exhibit high growth rates and production of important secondary metabolites. Parameters such as medium properties and composition, growth hormone type, and elicitation strategies for in vitro grown adventitious roots of medicinal plants, are the main topics discussed in this review. We also examine current developments in bioreactor system cultivation for plant bioactive compounds using adventitious root cultures, a technology with possible commercial applications, via several studies on adventitious root culture of medicinal plants in which bioreactor systems play a role. In conclusion, the development of adventitious root cultures for medicinal plants is highly useful because of their capability for vegetative propagation and germplasm preservation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2002

The patterns of adventitious root formation from cotyledons for each cultivar of soybeans were compared. The results of adventitious root formation in cultivars are classified as two groups; the first group showed the direct adventitious root formation, and the second group resulted in the callus and adventitious root formation. The cultivars that have much callus formation had less the adventitious root formation. The adventitious root formation in the cotyledonary explants was occured only at the inoculation of adaxial side. When adaxial and abaxial side was inoculated simultaneously, the adventitious roots were formed at the adaxial side. Thus, it suggests that there must be direction to some extent. Starch in the cotyledonary explants were more abundant at the 4 days after induction than at the early stage of the adventitious root formation, but the starch was not observed after 7 days, that the growth stage of adventitious roots.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.444-448
• /
• 2008

An adventitious root formation protocol from Smilax china L. was established for in vitro production of dioscin, a steroidal saponin having various bioactivities such as anticancer, antifungal, antiviral, and antiobesity. Optimal medium for root initiation from leaf explant was MS medium containing $30\;g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of sucrose supplemented with $1.0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin + $2.0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA. The induction of adventitious roots from in vitro initiated root segments was most favorable to MS liquid medium with $0.1\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin + $2.0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA. Among the 20 different adventitious roots originated from different plants, strain No. 10 was selected based on production ability of dioscin, and its stability through the successive suspension culture. The maximum growth stage of adventitious roots was noticed at 5 weeks after subculture while that of dioscin production in the adventitious root was at 7 weeks after subculture in suspension culture system. These results provide that suspension culture of adventitious roots of Smilax china L. have a potential for in vitro mass production of dioscin.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.118-122
• /
• 2004

We have investigated that a couple of soft ferrite ceramic powders having a spinal structure have shown the effect on growth and secondary metabolites production of some medicinal plants cultured in vitro. The addition of the ceramic powders as bare state to culture medium has stimulated the growth of Achyranthes japonica callus and plantlet, adventitious root of Hyoscyamus niger and Platycodon grandiflorum hairy root about 65, 75, 150 and 50%, respectively. Whereas Centella asiatica callus and plantlet, Scopolia parviflora hairy root, and Hyoscyamus albus adventitious root were not affected markedly. Moreover, the ceramic powder has enhanced the growth of H. niger adventitious roots even under conditions of irradiating alone without any direct contact between ceramic powder and media. Based on growth stimulation effect, the ceramic powders have enhanced the gross production of tropane alkaloid in H. niger adventitious root, and polyacetylene in P. grandiflorum hairy root about 35 and 30%, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2002

Micropropagation and adventitious root production via the culture of Polygonatum odoratum were performed. Stem segments of seedlings of Polygonatum odoratum were the most efficient explants for adventitious shoot formation compared to leaf and root segments. Exogenous cytokinin treatment was required for adventitious shoot formation. Among the cytokinin (BA, Kinetin and Zeatin) tested, BA was most effective for shoot formation from stem segments. Auxin (NAA or IBA) in combination with cytokinin significantly enhanced adventitious shoot formation. Twenty five percent of explants produced adventitious shoots on medium with 2.0 mg/L BAP alone, while 83% of explants produced adventitious shoots on medium with the combination of 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L IBA. Rooting of adventitious shoots was achieved after transferring to 112 MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L zeatin. When stem segments were cultured on MS medium with various kinds of auxin (IBA, NAA and 2,4-D), adventitious roots were formed from callus. frequency of adventitious root formation was highest in 2,4-D than NAA and IBA. When roots were in clusters together with parental stem segments, growth of roots actively occurred in hormone-free MS liquid medium. The above results represent that possible application for the mass production of roots and plantlets through in vitro culture system of Polygonatum odoratum.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 1994

The potency of adventitious root initiation was investigated in relation with germination days and ike end of culture days healed with root induction medium on the initiation of adventitious roots from explants of soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledon. Also, the changes in the pattern of protein profiles related with adventitious mot initiation have been examined by two-dimensional polyauyl-amide gel elecoophoresis during the germination and the initiation of adventitious roots. The potency of adventitious root initiation from germinated cotyledons was high after 4 days, and adventitious roots were initiated from after 4 days and very high after 6 days healed with mot induction medium There was a reproducible quantitative change in 34 specific protein spots during germination and adventitious root initiation. A necessary basic protein for adventitious root initiation with rotative molecular weight of 27 kD was induced during the germination. And three basic protein groups with relative molecular weight 22 kD, 23 kD and 33 kD, and two acidic protein groups with relative molecular weight 27kD and 29 kD were induced during the initiation of adventitious roots.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.12 no.11
• /
• pp.1189-1196
• /
• 2003

The effect of boron and aluminum on the development of adventitious roots was studied in sunflower cuttings. Three-day-old seedlings were de-rooted and grown in nutrient solutions with or without boron and supplemented with different concentrations (from 50 to 700 ${\mu}$M) of aluminum. The number and length of the adventitious roots and proline content in adventitious roots in response to insufficient boron and aluminum stress were determined periodically. The micronutrient boron caused the development of numerous roots in the lower parts of the hypocotyl. A dose-response of boron-induced rooting yielded an optimum concentration of 0.1 mM boron. In the absence of boron, in the majority of the adventitious roots, a significant inhibition was observed with or without aluminum, indicating that the most apparent symptom of boron deficiency is the cessation of root growth. Increasing concentrations of aluminum caused progressive inhibition of growth and rooting of the hypocotyls, and a parallel increase in proline levels of adventitious roots. Supplemental boron ameliorated the inhibitory effect of aluminum, suggesting that aluminum could inhibit root growth by inducing boron deficiency. Ascorbate added to medium in the absence of boron improved root growth and induced a significant decrease in proline levels. These findings suggest that adventitious root growth inhibition resulting from either boron deficiency or aluminum toxicity may be a result of impaired ascorbate metabolism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.5
• /
• pp.539-542
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the impacts of jasmonic acid (JA) on adventitious root culture of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Adventitious root of E. senticosus were treated with jasmonic acid (JA) and cultured for 30 days. JA inhibited the root growth but increased eleutherosides accumulation, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Among various concentrations of JA, 1.0 mg/L JA increased the total phenolic contents in E. senticosus adventitious root to $39.81{\mu}g/g$, about 2.6 times higher than that of the control. Consequently, high accumulation of total phenolic contents led to increase the antioxidant activity to 82.41%. The antioxidant activity of control was 37.89% at $2500{\mu}g/mL$. A linear correlation ($R^2$ = 0.9937, 0.9648 and 0.9883) was also shown between antioxidant activity (at 1250, 1875, and $2500{\mu}g/mL$) and total phenolic contents of adventitious root of E. senticosus.