• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.481-493
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• 2006

The purpose of the review article was to summarize and discuss the available information concerning the effect of bleaching on human teeth and reduced treatment on negative influence. Tooth bleaching effect was differ from extent of concentration and application period of a tooth bleaching agent, certainly full knowledge prior treatment about adverse effect possible appearance and follow clinical treatment for the least reduce. It remains unclear in how far those observation may result in significant adverse effect under clinical conditions. Nevertheless, further investigation are necessary to elucidate these aspect more precisely. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. It is recommended to delay placement of restorations after termination of bleaching therapy for at least 1-3 weeks. 2. Reduced negative influence that is clinical feasibility of catalase in protecting bleached surface against Oxygen radical. 3. The residual peroxide in tooth after bleaching seems to be removed by gradual diffusion and it may be possible to eliminate the adverse effect on tooth by using water displacement solution, ethylalcohol and aceton including it for effective removal of free radical oxygen.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2007

Objectives : This report was performed to report the present situation of the adverse reactions of chuna manipulation in Korea. Methods : Searches were conducted on Internet based field. We investigated the cases reported from Korea Consumer Agency and the "Minwon Baekseo" published by Korean Oriental Medicine Society. Results & Conclusions : The relevant cases and papers were of small number. The most adverse reaction of chuna manipulation was disc herniation. The serious adverse reactions were Cauda equina syndrome(CES) and Cerebral infarction. Most of serious adverse reaction cases were performed by non proffesional therapist. We should give chuna treatment to patients after sufficient education. We expect more case reports and systemic studies about adverse reaction and effect of chuna manipulation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the combination effects and adverse effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on the treatment of obesity. Methods : Four databases were searched, including Pubmed, National assembly library, RISS4u, and NDSL, for studies published before March 31, 2016 using the keywords 'yerba mate', 'Ilex paraguariensis', and those related to 'obesity'. Clinical trials, and both in vivo and in vitro studies were classified according to the following categories: publication year, nationality, types and composition of test compounds, combination effects, adverse effects, and safety. Results : A total of 16 articles (14 clinical trials, one in vivo, one in vitro) were included in the analysis. Combination effects were reported from six YGD (Yerba Mate, Guarana, Damiana, Zotrim), five Meltdown, one Shred-matrix, one DBX (DymaBurn Xtreme), one XSIII research study, and adverse effects were reported from two YGD (Zotrim), four Meltdown, one Shred-matrix and one MetEF research study. YGD and Shred-matrix increased satiety while YGD and MetEF had adverse gastrointestinal effects potentially due to guarana. Meltdown and Shred-matrix increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation and had the adverse effects of increased heart rate and blood pressure due to the thermogenic effect of caffeine and yohimbine. DBX increased resting energy expenditure but no difference was observed in respiratory exchange ratio. XSIII reduced body weight gain and food intake more than each of the extracts did on their own. Conclusion : Taken together, the combination effects and adverse effects differed according to the composition of test compounds and the ratio of ingredients. Multicomponent approaches should be used for treating multifactorial diseases such as obesity. As a general conclusion, there is a place for a combination of herbal components including yerba mate, based on the principle of Kun-Shin-Choa-Sa for the treatment of obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-85
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• 1998

Background: Continuous caudal epidural block is a useful method in postoperative pain control after perianal surgery. But caudal epidural block has the potential of developing adverse effects such as urinary retention. The goal of this study is to evaluate the analgesic and adverse effect of bupivacaine with fentanyl through continuous caudal epidural block in relation to the concentration of bupivacaine. Methods: We divided the patients randomly into two groups. For group I(n=25) postoperative pain was controlled by continuous caudal epidural infusion at the rate of 4 ml/hr of 0.0625% bupivacaine with 3 ${\mu}g$/ml fentanyl: group II(n=14), 0.125% bupivacaine with 3 ${\mu}g$/ml fentanyl, respectively, for duration of 48 hours via epidural catheter. We evaluated pain scores with visual analogue scales at 30 mins, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs and 48 hrs after the operation and the incidence of adverse effect, especially urinary retention, for each group. Results: There were no significant differences in the pain score between group I and II. Urinary retention developed in 9 patients(36%) of group I, and 11 patients (78.6%) of group II. Other adverse effects such as pruritus, nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression developed in few patients. Conclusions: While performing continuous caudal epidural block with mixture of bupivacaine and fentanyl after the perianal surgery, we conclude 0.0625% bupivacaine solution is preferable to 0.125% bupivacaine solution because 0.0625% solution resulted in satisfactory analgesia with minimal incidence of adverse effect.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate adverse outcome associated with acupotomy and compare it with that of acupuncture. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the chart records of 71 patients who received acupotomy at Daemyung Korean medical clinic from January 7, 2020 to March 6, 2020. We divided the acupotomy treatment area into 10, including the head, hand, chest, knees, shoulders, low back, neck, upper extremities, thighs, and feet. Furthermore, we investigated the adverse effect of acupotomy on those areas after treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and frequency analysis. Results : 'Bruise of specific region' accounted for the largest portion with 29 cases, followed by 24 cases of 'feeling tired and sleepy' and 17 cases of 'itch'. There were 16 cases of 'sustained pain' at the area of treatment, 11 cases of 'fatigue', 5 cases of 'swelling', 5 cases of 'dizziness', 4 cases of 'hematoma'. There were 3 cases of 'vertigo' and 2 cases of 'parathesia' and 'wide bruises', 'headache', 'gastric discomfort', 'bleeding', and 'skin rash' each. There was one case each that experienced 'unclear pronunciation', 'nausea', 'abnormal sweating', 'vomiting' and 'emotional/psychological reactions'. Conclusions : Adverse outcomes associated with acupotomy were mostly 'bruise of specific region', 'feeling tired and sleepy', 'itch', 'sustatained pain', and 'fatigue'. However, no adverse outcome or irreversible damage that have a serious effect on the body were observed.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-124
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• 2014

본 연구는 실증적 설문 자료를 기반으로 역할 스트레스와 성과에 대한 정보통신기술(ICT)에 의해 만들어진 스트레스(즉, 기술스트레스)의 효과를 확인하기 위해 사회기술 이론과 역할 이론의 개념을 사용하였다. 본 연구는 먼저 ICT가 어떠한 방법으로 조직 구성원들의 스트레스를 만들며 기술스트레스를 형성하는 요인은 무엇인지에 대한 다양한 관점을 제시한다. 다음으로 본 연구는 크게 다음의 4가지 가설을 제안한다. (1) 기술스트레스는 역할 스트레스(즉, 역할 충돌과 역할 과중)와 부정적 심리 성과 및 IS 사용의 부정적 성과에 각각 긍정적으로 관련되어 있을 것이다. (2) 역할 충돌은 부정적 심리성과 및 IS 사용의 부정적 성과에 각각 긍정적으로 관련되어 있을 것이다. (3) 역할 과중은 부정적 심리 성과 및 IS 사용의 부정적 성과에 각각 긍정적으로 관련되어 있을 것이다. (4) 혁신 지원은 기술 및 역할 스트레스와 부정적 심리 성과 및 IS 사용의 부정적 성과 사이에서 조절 역할을 할 것이다. 본 연구는 가설들을 검정하기 위해 조직의 ICT 사용자로부터 설문조사를 실시하여 수집된 데이터를 바탕으로 부분최소자승(Partial Least Squares: PLS)법을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 기술스트레스와 역할 충돌 간의 관계에 대한 가설을 제외한 다른 가설들을 지지하는 것을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 이론적으로, 조직에서 개인이 경험한 스트레스에 대한 기존의 개념에 기술스트레스의 확인을 통해 또 다른 차원을 추가적으로 제시하고, 기술스트레스와 역할 스트레스 사이의 긍정적인 관계의 검정을 통해 기술과 조직의 역할 사이의 관계 및 구조를 분석하는 문헌에 새로운 맥락을 제안한다. 실무적으로는 기술스트레스가 조직에 존재하는 정도를 평가하는 진단 도구를 제시하고, 기술스트레스의 역효과는 역할 스트레스를 줄이는 전략에 하나의 유용한 방안이 될 수 있다는 것을 제안한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was aimed to develop a pharmacovigilance practice training course for future doctors of Korean medicine, the graduate students of a college of Korean medicine, and to verify the educational effect of the curriculum. Methods: Fifty-six students were given a training course designed as follows: 1) pre-class homework (basic theory self-study, online course, causality assessment, and adverse event reporting simulation); 2) in-class: homework submission and case discussion; 3) after-class: homework revision and resubmission. An online survey to assess the change of the level of basic knowledge and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance, the willingness to report adverse events, and self-efficacy for the causality assessment and adverse event reporting was conducted before and after education. Results: The survey participation rate was 96.5% in pre-education and 64.3% in the post-education survey. After education, knowledge level was improved (mean score from 4.3±2.11 to 6.7±1.96 points, modal value from 3 to 8 points) and positive changes were observed in almost all questions on attitudes. In the post-education survey, more students felt that they could do causality assessment (from 13% to 80.5%), could report adverse events to the agency in charge (from 7.4% to 96.2%), and expressed their strong willingness to report adverse events in the future (from 77.8% to 88.9%) than in the pre-education survey. Conclusions: More schools of Korean medicine need to adopt pharmacovigilance training courses in their curriculum to foster future doctors of Korean medicine with pharmacovigilance capabilities. Such efforts will be the basis for achieving an evidence-based, safe use of herbal medicine.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

급속한 정보사회의 발달에 따른 사용자 윤리의식의 문제점을 논하는 기존의 많은 정책과 연구보고서에서는 그에 따른 해결책을 논의하고 있지만 이는 사후방법론의 한계를 벗어나지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 역기능의 문제점을 사후 해결책이 아닌 예방차원에서의 해결책을 모색하고자 역기능분류의 표준안 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구자가 제시하는 역기능 분류의 표준 모델은 사회적 현상이라는 관점에서 현재까지 역기능의 피해사례를 조사 및 분석하여 1 2차 전문가 설문을 통해 미디어 중독, 유해콘텐츠, 사이버폭력, 권리침해, 사이버테러, 판단장해 등의 6영역으로 분류하였다. 제시된 표준안 모델은 현재의 정보화 사회에 발생할 수 있는 역기능뿐만 아니라 미래 사회에 발생할 수 있는 역기능의 문제점까지 포괄적으로 수용할 수 있도록 영역을 확장하였으며 이를 통해 역기능의 피해를 미연에 방지 혹은 예방할 수 있는 사회적 또는 교육적 방안을 제시할 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2013

High-caffeine energy drink consumption has been increasing in young adults, frequently causing the most common symptoms such as tremor, insomnia, anxiety, and nervousness and rarely leading to serious adverse effects like seizure, acute mania, and stroke due to caffeine overdose. There have been little current studies regarding analysis of high-caffeine energy drink consumption and its adverse effects in Korea. This study was to examine high-caffeine consumption patterns, associated factors, and adverse effects based on responses from 231 college students in a University through survey. About 88.3% (n=204) of total respondents reported that they had energy drinks. College students mostly consumed energy drinks to keep awake (46%) when studying and to recover fatigue (27%). Approximately 44% respondents mainly reported palpitation (73.9%) and insomnia (72.8%) regarding adverse effect questionnaire. Current reports on the risk of recreational use, co-ingestion of alcohol and energy drink as well as energy drink consumption among children and adolescents are increasing, requiring further long-term research and awareness of these issues.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.753-757
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• 2010

The objectives of this paper is to propose the pharmacoepidemiologic methodology to Research for Sasang Constitutional Pharmacology. We mainly searched "Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology and Risk Management". And we also searched "J Korean Oriental Med.", "J of Sasang Constitutional Med.", "J. Oriental Physiology & Pathology", "Korean J Orient Int Med." using these kew words - "adverse event" or "side effect" and "Sasang Contitution" or "Constitution" or "Constitutional medicine". Through the examination of the Pharmacoepidemiologic methodology and current research for sasang constitiutional pharmacology, we could establish the proposal to collect objective constitutional medical reaction. For the actualization of this proposal, the more advanced studies will have to be carried out continuously.