• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2000

This study investigated the nutritional status of 33 hemodialysis patients. Their weight, height, triceps and mid-arm circumference were measured and their dietary intake and blood profiles evaluated. The subjects were 57.1$\pm$11.9 years old. The energy intakes of men and women were 61% and 68% of RDA, respectively. The men and women's intake of protein was 0.93g/IBWkg/d and 0.99g/IBWkg/d, respectively. According to the distribution of BMI, 22.2% of the men and 73.3% of the women were underweight. A total of 5.6% of the men were overweight, versus none of the women. The serum albumin levels of the men and women were 3.56 and 3.52g/dl, respectively. The serum cholesterol levels of the men and women were 134.1 and 148.5mg/dl, respectively. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the level of albumin, and their intakes of nutrients were compared with one another. The group with high levels of albumin did not show higher energy and protein intake than the other groups but the serum total protein level was significantly higher. When the nutritional status of the patients was evaluated by weight and serum albumin level, 6.0% of them showed kwashiorkor-type malnutrition and 75.8% of them showed mild malnutrition.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2001

This study was performed fir the purpose of finding the relationship between fat-free mass (FFM) which mainly represents muscle mass change, and muscle strength. The correlation between diet and exercise behaviors and FFM in healthy elderly men over age 55 was also investigated. FFM and corresponding hand grip strength declined significantly with increasing age. However the concentration of serum albumin, the indicator of protein nutritional status, showed no change with increases in age. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to FFM textiles. Anthropometry such as height, BMI, circumferences of waist and hips, body fat mass percent and hand grip strength decreased significantly in the lowest FFM group. But albumin level showed no change relative to FFM level. FFM showed a significant relationship to nutrient intake such as energy and fat. However, no association was found with exercise behavior probably because there were no instances of resistance exercise habits among the subjects studied. The variance in FFM could be attributed 86.2% to height and age. The variance of height-adjusted FFM could be attributed only 40.6% to age and fat intake. In conclusion decreases in FFM may cause reductions in muscle strength in elderly men. Increasing energy and fat intake were associated with increased FFM and may protect elderly men from the risk of sarcopenia. FFM had no association with endurance exercise habits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1422-1432
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• 1998

This study investigated the nutritional status of 32 CAPD patients. Their weight, height, triceps, mid arm circumference were measured and their dietary intake and the blood profiles were evaluated. They were 56.0${\pm}$11.8 years old. Their intake of energy and protein were 78% and 93% of RDA respectively. The energy from dextrose was 376.1${\pm}$83.2kcal. The men's and women's intake of protein was 84.6% and 102.1% of RDA respectively, According to the distribution of BMI, 23.5% of the men and 6.1% of the women were underweight and 5.9% of the men and 20% of the women were overweight. The serum albumin levels of the men and women were 3.30 and 3.71g/41 respectively. However, the average amount of serum ferritin, as a whole, comes within the normal range, which shows that stored iron was not decreased and that their anemia was not caused by iron deficiency. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the level of albumin, and their intakes of nutrients were compared with one another, The group with the high level of albumin showed that energy and protein intake was significantly larger and that BMI was also significantly higher than the other groups. There was a positive correlation between BMI and energy intake. Serum total protein had a positive correlation to energy intake ; hematocrit, to carbohydrate intake. BMI had a positive correlation to energy intake. A relative magnitude of factors affecting albumin level was analyzed by Stepwise multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to dependent variable(albumin) indicated that the blood total protein(p <0.0001) was the most significantly correlated with serum albumin level in all subjects,1311owe4 by creatinine and total cholesterol. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1422-1432, 1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 2001

This study was performed to show change of fat-free mass(FFM), representing mostly the muscle mass change, and muscle strength with increasing age, and relationship between dietary, exercise behaviors and FFM in healthy middle-and old aged women who are of age over 55 years. The FFM and correspondingly hand grip strength showed significant positive correlation with age. But concentration of serum albumin showed no significant relationship with age. The subjects were categorized into groups according to FFM tertile. The anthropometry such as weight, BMI, fat mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR, and hand grip strength decreased significantly in the lowest FFM group. But the albumin level showed no change according to FFM level. The FFM showed significant correlation with nutrient intakes such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, Fe, P, Ca. No association, however, was shown with exercise behavior probably because of no case with resistance exercise habits. The variance of FFM was explained 55.2% by height and carbohydrate intake. The variance of height-adjusted FFM could be explained only 16.2% by intake amount of carbohydrate. In conclusion, the decrease of FFM may cause to reduce muscle strength in female elderly. The increasing nutrient intakes were associated with the increased FFM and may protect from risk of sarcopenia. However, only the carbohydrate intake could influence independently the FFM in middle- and old-aged women. The FFM has no association with endurance exercise habits. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 449∼457, 2001)

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2008

A study on the heat and mass transfer for the drying time in spray freezing drying process was experimentally presented in this paper. A spray freezing dryer for the production of an inhalable powder medicine is developed and an albumin solution as protein specimen is adopted. The freeze-drying for the albumin solution is tested in three different height of the particles piled up in a tray such as 2 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, and the drying time is estimated as 10 h, 15 h, 22 h. From this results, the correlation is suggested and the drying time with various height of the particles piled up in a tray can be estimated. The assessment on the drying time is conducted thought a microbalance and the rate of water content is measured. The results based on temperature and weight are compared. The difference of the results happens due to the heat transfer from the lateral side of the vial. It is thought that the better estimation in drying time can be predicted by considering the heat transfer effect.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of forced molting and egg storage time on the various egg qualities. A total of 240 ISA Brown layers (60 wk of age) were employed as the unmolted treatment (Control). Two hundred and forty ISA Brown layers, molted at the age of 55 wk, were used as a forced molting treatment (T1), and the same number and strain of layers, molted at the age of 70 wk, were also used as the another forced molting treatment (T2). A total of 120 eggs were sampled from each treatment, and divided into six sets, 20 eggs per set. These six sets were stored for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days at $18^{\circ}C$ temperature, respectively. Eggs from T1 were collected from laying hens at the age of 68 wk, which started molting at 60 wk of age and achieved 50% egg production at 63 wk of age. Eggs from T2 were collected from hens at 82 wk of age, which started molting at 70 wk of age and achieved 50% egg production at 78 wk of age. The eggshell strength of T1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the Control and T2, and the storing periods did not affect the eggshell strength at all. Neither the forced molting nor the storing periods did not exert any consistent effect on the egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell color and egg yolk color. The albumin heights of T1 and T2 were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the Control, and it was remarkably reduced gradually as the storage periods increased in all three treatments. The Haugh unit showed very similar trends as the albumin height, indicating that both albumin height and Haugh unit were very much related to each other. In conclusion, the forced molting improves the eggshell strength, but decreases the albumin height and Haugh unit. The storage of eggs also decreases the albumin height and Haugh unit regardless of molting.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Purpose: Osteoporosis that occurred after menopause is one of the most common metabolic disease. and it is that bone mass significant decrease in comparison with normal people. Its symptoms are fracture, decrease of height, etc. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Gamisoyosan on the aged ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: 24 female rats were ovariectomized and divided into normal group(normal), ovariectomized group(control), and treated with Gamisoyosan group(treated). During 8 weeks we dosed D.W to sham and control group, and dosed Gamisoyosan(105 mg/100 g) to experimental group. After 8 weeks we sacrificed rats and measured the body weight, albumin, P, Calcium, ALP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, T4, estradiol, the femur weight, the tibia ash weight, trabecular bone area, trabecular thickness, osteoclast number. Results: The level of serum albumin, calcium, AST, ALT, estradiol in Gamisoyosan group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. The level of serum triglyceride in Gamisoyosan group showed significant decrease in comparison with control group. Trabecular bone area and osteoclast number in Gamisoyosan group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. Conclusions: Reviewing these experimental results, Gamisoyosan has shown to activate osteogenesis and prevent bone resorption, and it should show efficacy on prevention and improvement of osteoporosis after menopause.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 1983

Clinical and epidemiologic data point to a causal interrelationship between nutritional deficiency and infectious illness. Both are major contributors to childhood morbidity and mortality, particulary in underprivileged population groups. Protein-calorie malnutrition depress a variety of immune funtions. Delayed hypersensitivity and number of T-lymphocytes are consistently reduced. The interrelationship between nutritional status and immune response was studied in 80 children aged under 6 years. According to the anthropometric assessment based on weight for height for age, 36 children were classified as normal, 22 as morderate malnutrition, and 22 as severe malnutrition. The following determinations were made : hemeglobin, hematocrit, serum albumin, immunoglobulin G, complement 3, and WBC levels. Results indicate that levels of Hb, Hct, serum albumin, and C3 concentration were decreased in moderate and severe malnutrition children. However, levels of IgG and WBC were not affected by the nutritional status. It is suggested that nutritional status has more profound effects on complement system than humoral immunity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.476-484
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• 2006

To elucidate the relationship between blood parameters related bone metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity in postmenopausal period 60 women residing in Iksan area were recruited. Food and nutrient intake of each individual subject were estimated by 24-hour recalls of 3 non-consecutive days. The biochemical markers including total protein, albumin, osteocalcin (intact bone gla protein; BOP), calcium, phosphorus and hemoglobin were measured in fasting blood. In addition, parameters of antioxidative capacity including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) , catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TA) were monitored in blood, also. The mean age, height, weight, and BM! of subjects were 64.8 years, 151.1 em, 59.5 kg $26.0\;kg/m^2$, respectively. The mean SOD, GPx, and CAT activities were 138.5 U/ml, 1,273.8 U/ml and 314.3 kU/l respectively, and TA was 1.16 mmol/l without significant difference among different age groups. BMI was positively correlated with SOD activity (p < 0.01). SOD activity and CAT activity showed positive correlation with serum albumin (p < 0.05) and hemoglobin (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study revealed that antioxidant enzyme activity holds a significant relationship with the blood parameters like as serum albumin and hemoglobin in postmenopausal women and further systematic research is needed to investigate the their relation mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.785-792
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status before and after gastrectomy of gastric cancer patients in Jeonbuk Province. The subjects were 136 patients with gastrectomy of gastric cancer. We assessed the nutritional status before and after an operation by general characteristics (age, clinicopathological stage, type of operation, method of reconstruction), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, arm muscle circumference AMC, arm circumference AC) and biochemical characteristics (hemoglobin Hb, hematocrit Hct, mein corpuscular volume MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH, total lymphocyte count TLC, serum albumin, serum transferrin). Mean ages were 60.0 yrs in males and 58.8 yrs in females. Age, clinicopathological stage, types of operation and reconstruction methods were not significantly different between males and females. Weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, BMI, percent body fat, AMC and AC significantly deteriorated by gastrectomy. There were severe weight losses in males and females after gastrectomy. Hemoglobin, Hct, MCV, MCH, TLC, albumin and transferrin significantly deteriorated by gastrectomy. After gastrectomy, subjects who were assessed as malnounrished in Hb and Hct were increased in male and those who were assessed as malnounrished in Hb were increased in females. These results suggest that a nutrition intervention, specially for energy, protein and iron, is necessary to improve the nutritional status of gastric cancer patients with gastrectomy.