• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.799-802
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• 2009

The effect of germination on hydration and germination properties, and on the changes of fatty acids and amino acids profiles of a brown rice 'Keunnun' (KN) with a large embryo was compared to 'Ilpumbyeo' (IP) with a normal embryo. A rapid germination up to 24 hr was observed in both brown rice cultivars, afterward decreased with germination time. At 60 hr, the KN ($86.0{\pm}4.24%$) showed slightly lower germination capability than the IP ($97.0{\pm}1.41%$). Lower water uptake during germination was also found in the KN ($1.22{\pm}0.02\;g$) compared to the IP ($1.59{\pm}0.05\;g$). Major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid accounting for more than 95% of total fatty acids. The most abundant amino acid in both types was oleic acid, which was decreased during germination, whereas palmitic and linoleic acids were increased. Eight amino acids were detected, and a remarkable increase in ${\gamma}-amino$ butyric acid (GABA) during germination was observed. The KN was characterized with higher tasty amino acids of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.651-654
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate amino acid composition of three tropical legumes (Cooper (Glycine wightii), Tinaroo (Neonotonia wightii) and Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum)) at two different stages (pre-blooming and blooming stages). Chemical composition and totally 16 amino acids of these plants were analysed for comparison of their composition among species at different growing stages and characterizing the amino acid pattern of these legumes. Crude protein content of the plants ranged from 16% to 27% on a dry matter basis. The total amount of 16 amino acids analyzed in this experiment was highest at 89.7 mg/16 g N in Cooper at pre-blooming and lowest at 80.9 mg/16 g N in Glycine at blooming stage. Total amount of amino acids in each legume species tended to slightly decrease with their maturity but no statistical difference was found. The percentage of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and proline in the total amount of amino acids was dominant at 9% to 13%, and that of methionine was less than 1.6%. In this experiment it was concluded that three tropical legumes were rich in crude protein content and characterized by 16 different amino acids with lower sulfur-containing amino acid as methionine.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2014

Amino-acid neurotransmitter system dysfunction plays a major role in the pathophysiology of depression. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of amino acids as a source of neuro-specific biomarkers could be used in future diagnosis of depression. Only partial amino acids such as glycine and asparagine were determined from certain parts of rats' brain included hippocampi and cerebral cortex in previous studies. However, according to systematic biology, amino acids in different area of brain are interacted and interrelated. Hence, the determination of 34 amino acids through entire rats' brain was conducted in this study in order to demonstrate more possibilities for biomarkers of depression by discovering other potential amino acids in more areas of rats' brain. As a result, 4 amino acids (L-aspartic acid, L-glutamine, taurine and ${\gamma}$-amino-n-butyric acid) among 34 were typically identified as potentially primary biomarkers of depression by data statistics. Meanwhile, an antidepressant called Fluoxetine was employed to verify other potential amino acids which were not identified by data statistics. Eventually, we found L-${\alpha}$-amino-adipic acid could also become a new potentially secondary biomarker of depression after drug validation. In conclusion, we suggested that L-aspartic acid, L-glutamine, taurine, ${\gamma}$-amino-n-butyric acid and L-${\alpha}$-amino-adipic acid might become potential biomarkers for future diagnosis of depression and development of antidepressant.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: There is lack of comprehensive compositional data of the amino acid profile of spinach with regard to different cultivars. A more detailed knowledge in this aspect will be of benefit in the future selection of spinach genotypes with improved nutritional quality.METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of cultivar type (Jeoncheonhu, Sagyejul, Namdongcho and Mustang) and harvest time (79^th, 116^th and 145^th days after sowing or DAS) on the concentrations of free amino acids in field-grown spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were examined. About 35 different free amino acids were detected and quantified by the amino acid analyzer. Glutamic acid and proline were identified as the major amino acids, while α -aminoadipic acid and α-aminobutyric acid were present in much lower concentrations. Spinach constituted 1468.4 mg/100 g total free amino acids (TAA), of which essential amino acids, neutral/acidic amino acids and sulphur containing amino acids constituted around 15, 45 and 2% of the TAA, respectively. The most limiting amino acids among the leafy vegetables - cysteine was recorded only in Mustang harvested at 116 DAS. Free amino acid contents did not differ significantly among the spinach cultivars and also at different harvest times.CONCLUSION: The data show that, either of the spinach cultivars, preferably Mustang harvested on or after 116 DAS can serve as a significant source of nutritionally relevant amino acids to meet the demand of the growing populations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 1995

The effects of toluene inhalation on the contents of amino acid neurotransmitters in rat brain were investigated and blood toluene concentrations inducing changes of behavior and amino acid neurotransmitter contents in rat brain were observed. Male wistar rats were exposed to toluene vapor (single dose : 1700, 5000 and 10000 ppm for 2 hrs, repeated dose : 1700 and 5000 ppm for 2 hrs/day$\times$6 days). Toluene concentrations in blood and the inhalation chamber were assayed by GC with headspace sampler. HPLC method following PITC derivatization was used to measure the amino acid contents in brain tissues such as frontal cortex, caudate, hippocampus, cerebellum and brain stem. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid levels were increased by single inhalation of toluene (5000 ppm) in all the brain areas assayed in this experiment. In caudate and cerebellum, taurine levels were decreased by single inhalation of low dose toluene (1700 ppm), but increased by repeated administration. At high blood toluene concentration, GABA levels were increased in all the brain areas assayed in this experiment and the increasing extents of inhibitory amino acid contents measured in caudate and hippocampus were greater than those of excitatory amino acids. These results suggest that the changes of amino acid neurotransmitter contents in brain by exposure to toluene may modulate toluene-induced behaviors.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.249-252
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• 1986

구기자(枸杞子)의 총(總)아미노산조성(組成) 및 유리(遊離)당을 각각 amino acid autoanalyzer, HPLC로 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 17종(種)의 총(總)아미노산이 검출(檢出)되었다. 즉 asparatic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenr-lalanine, hisidtine, lysine, arginine인데 이중 threonine을 가장 많이 함유하였으며 aspartic acid는 가장 적었다. 2. 총(總) essential amino acid량은 총(總)아미노산량의53.93%로 양질(良質)의 아미노산을 함유하였다. 3. Glucose, fructose, saccharose 등 3종(種)의 유리(遊離)당이 검출(檢出)되었는데 이중 fructose를 가장 많이 함유하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제23권3_4호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1979

Free amino acids in extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eight species of higher fungi were analyzed by an amino acid autoanalyzer. Twenty amino acids were analyzed in eight species of higher fungi. 1) of all free amino acids contained in higher fungi, alanine is the richest, and then comes glutamic acid, serine, arginine, proline and histidine in that order. Of all total amino acids contained in higher fungi, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes proline, valine, aspartic acid, alanine, leucine in that order. Especially Russula fragilis and Lepiota procera contain large quantity of glutamic acid. 2) Gross contents of free amino acids in the extracts is high in order of Lepiota procera, Phylloporus rhodoxanthus, Russula fragilis, Tylopilus felleus and total amino acids in hydrolysates is high in Phylloporus rhodoxanthus, Lepiota procera, Russula fragilis, Lentinus lepideus. 3) Total amount of essential amino acids in the extracts was high in Lepiota procera, Phylloporus rhodoxanthus, Tylopilus felleus, Xylaria hypoxylon, Lentinus lepideus, Russula fragilis, Lactarius piperatus and Calocybe gambosa and in the hydrolysates of Phylloparus rhodoxanthus, Russula fragilis, Lepiota procera, Tylopilus felleus, Lentinus lepideus, Lactarius piperatus, Calocybe gambosa and Xylaria hypoxylon in that order, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.365-368
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• 2000

The antibacterial effect amino acid-copper(II) surfactant on fish pathogens was studied. Fish pathogens of Edwardsiella tarda Vibrio anguillarum Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus sp. were selected cultured in nutrient agar and adjusted at $2{\times}10^5~10^6 CFU/$m\ell$$ in phosphate buffer saline before the addtion of amino acid-copper(II) surfactant with different concentrations. All tested pathogens died within 1 hour with 1 ppm of amino acid-copper(II) surfactant. In comparison with formalin and ET. amino acid-copper (II) surfactnat was more effective in antibacterial capacity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2003

단백질 구성 아미노산 분석을 위한 효과적인 가수분해 방법을 찾기 위하여 0.3% tryptamine을 함유한 6M formic acid와 6M HCI을 표준 아미노산과 단백질 표준품인 bovine serumn albumin 가수분해에 적용하여 표준아미노산의 회수율과 bovine serum albumin의 아미노산 조성을 분석하였고 GC에 의한 효과적인 아미노산 분석을 위하여 새로운 유도체인 butylthiocarbamyl-trimethylsilyl(BTC-TMS)유도체를 개발하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같았다 표준아미노산의 회수율은 6M formic acid에 의한 가수분해방법이 6M HCI에 의한 가수분해 방법보다 상당히 정확하였고 특히 산 가수분해에서 tryptamine의 존재하에서도 잘 파괴되는 tryptophan의 경우 formic acid가수분해가 HCI가수분해보다 1.5배정도 높은 회수율을 보였다. Bovine serum albumin의 아미노산 조성을 583 아미노산 잔기로 환산하여 나타내었을 경우도 formic acid에 의한 가수분해가 HCI가수분해 경우보다 훨씬 정확하였고 이 때 tryptophan의 회수율도 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 다만 서열분석에서 분석되지 않는 cystine이 formic acid 가수분해시 분석되고 있어 이에 대한 정확한 검정이 필요하였다. BTC-TMS 유도체는 GC분석시 극성이 다소 낮은 DB-l7 column으로 분리가 잘되었고 재현성도 좋았으나 GC분석을 위한 대부분의 유도체에서와 마찬가지로 몇 가지 아미노산에서 두 개의 peak로 나타나는 결점이 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.185-187
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• 2000

Instead of using binary HPLC pump which is usually used for the generation of solvent gradient for the analysis of amino acid an isocratic HPLC pump and conventional gra-dient maker were demonstrated to perform such analysis withmuch lower expenses and similar efficiency.