• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2008

In the process of bone remodeling, mineral phase of bone is dissolved by osteoclasts, resulting in elevation of calcium concentration in micro-environment. This study was performed to explore the effect of high extracellular calcium ($Ca{^{2+}}_e$) on mineralized nodule formation and on the expression of progressive ankylosis (Ank), plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) and osteopontin by primary cultured mouse calvarial cells. Osteoblastic differentiation and mineralized nodule formation was induced by culture of mouse calvarial cells in osteoblast differentiation medium containing ascorbic acid and ${\beta}$-glycerophosphate. Although Ank, PC-1 and osteopontin are well known inhibitors of mineralization, expression of these genes were induced at the later stage of osteoblast differentiation during when expression of osteocalcin, a late marker gene of osteoblast differentiation, was induced and mineralization was actively progressing. High $Ca{^{2+}}_e$(10 mM) treatment highly enhanced mRNA expression of Ank, PC-1 and osteopontin in the late stage of osteoblast differentiation but not in the early stage. Inhibition of p44/42 MAPK activation but not that of protein kinase C suppressed high $Ca{^{2+}}_{e^-}$induced expression of Ank, PC-1 and osteopontin. When high $Ca{^{2+}}_e$(5 mM or 10 mM) was present in culture medium during when mineral deposition was actively progressing, matrix calcifiation was significantly increased by high $Ca{^{2+}}_e$. This stimulatory effect was abolished by pyrophosphate (5 mM) or levamisole (0.1-0.5 mM), an alkaline phosphatase inhibitor. In addition, probenecid (2mM), an inhibitor of Ank, suppressed matrix calcification in both control and high $Ca{^{2+}}_{e^-}$treated group, suggesting the possible role of Ank in matrix calcification by osteoblasts. Taken together, these results showed that high $Ca{^{2+}}_e$ stimulates expression of Ank, PC-1 and osteopontin as well as matrix calcification in late differentiation stage of osteoblasts and that p44/42 MAPK activation is involved in high $Ca{^{2+}}_{e^-}$induced expression of Ank, PC-1 and osteopontin.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1128-1133
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• 2009

Recently super complex culture shopping facility development seeks consumer' convenience present and are coming restaurant neighborhood, cinema, shopping, hotel etc, according to intensive plan. Such as complex culture shopping facility was developed to most subway station area center and have concept that is space for a main facilities or space for environment protection, citizens' a rest in city. Howeve,r space of recently domestic large size complex culture shopping facility that do not plan systematically was lacking and caused result that do not use efficiently space. Limited extent of research that define complex culture shopping equipment and analyze form of space and present space planning with analysis of research connected with complex usage development.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.156-162
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• 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive joint deterioration; Furthermore, RA can also affect body tissues, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels. The early stages of RA can be difficult to diagnose because the signs and symptoms mimic those of many other diseases. It is not known exactly what triggers the onset of RA and how to cure the disease. But recent discoveries indicate that remission of symptoms is more likely when treatment begins early with strong medications known as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are typical examples of biotherapies that have been developed for RA. The substances may occur naturally in the body or may be made in the laboratory. Other biological therapies care biological response modifiers (BRMs)such as monoclonal antibodies, interferon, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a protein binder using repeat units. These substances play significant anti-inflammatory roles. Proteins with recurrent, conserved amino acid stretches mediate interactions among proteins for essential biological functions; for example, ankyrin (ANK), Heat repeat protein (HEAT), armadillo repeat protein (ARM) and tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR). Here, we describe Leucine rich repeats (LRR) that ideally fold together to form a solenoid protein domain and is more applicable to our current study than the previously mentioned examples. Although BRMs have limitations in terms of immunogenicity and effector functions, among other factors, in the context therapeutic use and for proteomics research, We has become clear that repeat-unit-derived binding proteins will increasingly be used in biotechnology and medicine.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.457-468
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• 1995

In order to develop a more practical culture system from the present running seawater tank system, two experiments of environmental factors, growth, survival rate and rearing density of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were carried out for two consecutive years. Two groups of fish in initially averaging 7.5cm of total length, and 3.4g of body weight (EXP. I) and 5.0cm and 1.8g (EXP. II) were reared in the semi-closed recirculating seawater system equipped with the rotating biological contactors with the commercial culture scale. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations is EXP. I ranged 0,247-0.512 ppm of $NH_4-N$ (0.010-0.043 ppm of$NO_2-N$, and 0.108-0.342 ppm of $NO_3-N$, and those in EXP. II were 0.091-0.715 ppm, 0.002-0.045 ppm, and 0.007-0.277 ppm, respectively. Daily feeding rates of the fish were $0.67-2.41\%$ in EXP. I and $0.69-2.22\%$ in EXP_ II, and teed efficiency were $34.8-59.8\%\;and\;40.5-88.4\%$ in EXP. I and II, respectively. The average total ten說h and body weight were 40.0-42.8cm and 695.0-852.69g after 340 days culture in EXP. I, and 36.7-39.7cm and 552.4-706.4 g after 365 days culture in EXP. II, respectively. Survival rates of the fish at the end of EXP. I and II were $92.0\%\;and\;96.0\%,$ respectively. The ratio to body surface area of non-ocular side in all fish to bottom area of rearing tank, so-called covering rate, was used as an indicator of rearing density. The highest cowering rate and weight density of fish per $m^2$ of rearing tank at the end of experimental period were 2.2 and 34.1kg in EXP. I, and 2.6 and 36.3kg in EXP. II, respectively. For the commercial culture of olive flounder, the semi-closed recirculating seawater system was found to be more effective than the running seawater tank system in aspect to the fish productivity and protection of marine environment.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1997

We have employed comparative RFL,P(Restriction Fragment Ixngth Pol~iniorphism) analysis and molecular phylogenetic techniques to investigate the diversity of uncultured microorganisms associated with the anaerobic PCP degradation in PCP-adapted enrichment cultures inoculated by samples from anaerobic cewage sludgc(Jangrim, Pusan) and leachate of landfill site(Kimhae). 16s rDNA cloncs were obtairted by PCR amplification of mixed population DNAs extracted directly from the nonactive and active stage ol each PCP-adapted culture. After three rounds of comparative RFLP analyses. two RFLP types. designated as Ala and Hld, were found prevalent and common in both active stage samples. Thc analysis of phylogenctic diversity bawd on the 5'-terminal 180 nt of sequences from whole clones of the Ala and Bld RFLP types showed close similarity among themselves. In case of Bld clones, 7XQ of them shared identical sequences. Thcse resuliq suggest that the clones of both RFLP types wcre originated from highly affiliated microorganisms which are e~iriched as a result of metabolic activity to PCP. The full-length 16s rRNA sequence of each representative clone from both RFLP types was determined. and an Ala clone w i n found to he related to Clo.strrdiurn ulfutzac~(Genk~ank No. Z69203) and a Bld clone to Thermobacteroides proteolyticus(Genbank No. X09335), with sequence similarities of 89%' and 97%. respectively.