• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2017

This study explores developing a piece of modularized and multi-useful bed adapting PyeongSang followed by the last issue, 'a study on traditional Korean furniture, PyeongSang I' for the understanding of the furniture from theory and history. Adopted From the joints and ornament, the modularized elements were designed and developed in order to compose the head board, the side board, the foot board, and the seat bottom. The joints are sambang miter, samae miter, dado, and mortise and tenon, which are strong in holding the bed. And the ornament is lattice patterns like geokjamun and manjamun, elephant eyes patterns like ansangmun from the traditional furniture. Using the elements, the bed is composed with six modules which make people free and easy to move and transform them. Hence, the bed is multi-useful by using the double, the twin the single, and various sofas by the way to display them such as two, three, four, five, and six modules. And the bed was made of bright zelkova tree and dark heat treated ash expressing contrast of black and white, the design concept modern and easy to make many people access to them.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2017

This study explores PyeongSang, a piece of traditional Korean furniture, in order to make people know the details about what the piece is in the first paper. And based on the paper, PyeongSang will be developed as moulded multi-useful beds and sofas adapting the joint and ornament from the structure and pattern of the piece in the next paper. As the result, it appeared as two styles such as bed types mentioned as SalPyeongSang and ttulmaru in Korean. The pieces have been used from the three Kingdoms period in Korean history. The styles appeared as the structure of four parts with the lower fences called as nangan, the seats jointed by thin wood pieces, the wind hole, and the legs of foot types. The parts were beautifully carved with the ornament such as lattice patterns like geokjamun and manjamun, flower patterns like dangchomun, elephant eyes patterns like ansangmun from the Korean tradition. And the legs showed various shapes such as supports transformed from horse foots, tiger legs and bamboo, and board types carved with elephant eyes and geometric patterns. Hence, in the next paper based on this paper, PyeongSang will be developed as moulded multi-useful beds and sofas adapting the joints and ornaments from the structure and patterns of the piece.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.99
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• pp.50-71
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• 2021

The Five-story Stone Pagoda from the Dongsa-ri Temple Site in Buyeo, dated to early Goyeo Dynasty, is valuable in that it is the southernmost example of the capital Kaesong pagoda style. This pagoda exhibits characteristics of the central Goryeo style featured in the pagodas built in and around the capital Kaesong, such as the diagonally curved section of the support for the cover stone above the upper stereobate. It also shares stylistic affinities with eleventh-century stone pagodas. The ansangmun (elephant eye patterns) in the lower stereobate of the Dongsa-ri Five-story Stone Pagoda resemble those in the pedestal of the Stone Seated Buddha (which was likely repaired in 1028 during the reign of King Hyeonjong), at the Jeongrimsa Temple site in Buyeo. It also reflects elements found in the flagpole supports from the Cheonheungsa Temple site in Cheonan. The sculpting techniques used in these patterns are also similar. Such congruencies suggest that the Dongsa-ri Five-story Stone Pagoda was built in the eleventh century. The Dongsa-ri Temple Site in Buyeo, located near the Geumgang River, served as a principal route for transporting grain-tax during the Goryeo Dynasty. It was also situated along the way to the Goryeo royal temple, Gaetaesa Temple. The geographical significance of the site and the extensive repairs undertaken at Jeongrimsa Temple during the reign of King Hyeonjong (r. 1009-1031) of the Goryeo Dynasty appear to have impacted the production of the Dongsa-ri Five-story Stone Pagoda. The Dongsa-ri Five-story Stone Pagoda also bears stylistic resemblances to the stone pagoda and flagpole supports found at neighboring Cheonheungsa Temple, which is presumed to be related to the establishment of Honggyeongsa (or Honggyeongwon) Temple in 1021 in Cheonan. This indicates the route of the transmission of the Kaesong pagoda style. The Five-story Stone Pagoda from the Dongsa-ri Temple Site pays testimony to the cultural accomplishments of eleventh-century stone artworks in Buyeo and adjacent regions. This pagoda embodies the majestic and assertive aesthetics that define of the Goryeo Dynasty, as do early Goryeo colossal Buddhist sculptures, including the Stone Standing Maitreya Bodhisattva at Daejosa Temple in Buyeo, the Stone Standing Buddha Triad at Gaetaesa Temple in Nonsan, and the Stone Standing Maitreya Bodhisattva at Gwanchoksa Temple in Nonsan. All of these bear similarities to the massive stone lantern and pagoda at Hyeonhwasa Temple in the capital Kaesong. The production of the light, sleek, sharp, and sophisticated Dongsa-ri Five-story Stone Pagoda is presumed to reflect the maturity of the cultural competence of the people in Dongsa-ri, Buyeo under the influence of Buddhist culture from the capital Kaesong during the eleventh century, a time marked by active cultural exchanges among regions.