• 대한약침학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2020

Objectives: Trachyspermum khasianum H. Wolff is a rare medicinal plant characteristically used by the traditional healers in traditional medicine for the treatment of throat-pain, toothache, and stomach ache. The study was designed to determine the anthelmintic and analgesic properties of the aerial parts of Trachyspermum khasianum H. Wolff (Family: Apiaceae). The aqueous and ethanol extract of T. khasianum H. Wolff was prepared and subjected for evaluation to determine the possible therapeutic effects. Methods: Anthelmintic activities of the extracts were determined by observing the time taken to paralyze and the time taken for the death of earthworms (Eisenia foetida) as compared to the standard drug-Albendazole (20 mg/ml) and control. Analgesic potential of the extracts was evaluated using Eddy's hot plate method to understand the analgesic activity in rats (Wistar rats) at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight doses and compared with the standard reference (Diclofenac sodium: 10 mg/kg of animals). Results: The extracts showed a significant dose-dependent anthelmintic effect at the different concentrations (10, 20, and 40) mg/ml, compared to that of the standard drug (20 mg/ml). Also, the results suggested that the plant extracts possess significantly analgesic activity in rats. Conclusion: The studies indicate that Trachyspermum khasianum shows anthelmintic and potent analgesic activities. Further research should be carried out to identify the specific phytoconstituents responsible for both analgesic and anthelmintic activities and its possible mechanism of action.

• 약학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1962

Clinical tests revealed that the extracts of Gelidium amansii (Gelidiaceae) had a anthelmintic action and further examinations were made on the anthelmintic components of this seaweed. This anthelmintic principle is absorbed on alumina and eluted from it by alkali solution. The active principle is absorbed on activated carbon from aqueous extract and eluted from it by methanol and it is not adsorbed on Amberite IR-120(H-form). This anthelmintic effective fraction was prepared by the use of this properties. Action of the active principle of Gelidium amansii was examined pharmacologically. The active principle of Gelidium amansii was found to decrease the tensity, tonus and mobility of Eisenia foetida(Savigny) nerve muscles. The active principle of this effective fraction was submitted to paper chromatography and spots to ninhydrin were detected at Rf; 0.30-0.31(yellow), 0.26(violet), 0.2(violet), 0.14-0.13(violet), 0.9(orange) and 0.04(violet).

• 생약학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.19-22
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• 1970

It was found that the extracts of Sargassum thumbergii (Sargassaceae) had an anthelmintic action on Ascaris suilla and further examinations were made on the anthelmintic compounds of the seaweed. The anthelmintic principle is soluble in water, adsorbed in aqueous extract with activated carbon and eluted from the carbon with 90% aqueous methanol solution. But it is not adsorbed on alumina and amberite IR-120 (H-type). The anthelmintic fractions were prepared by the use of these properties. The active principle of Sargassum thunbergii was pharmacologically examined and was found to decrease the tenisty, tonus, mobility and amplitude of Eisenia foetida nerve muscles. The active principle was subjected to paper partition chromatography but yellow spot to ninhydrin was not revealed.

• 셀메드
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.15.1-15.5
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• 2018

Helminthiasis is one of the most common worm diseases which causes a range of adverse health problems in humans. Ayurveda is one of the most prominent and ancient systems of traditional medicines in India. Most Ayurvedic drugs used against intestinal helminths have been developed by traditional wisdom and therefore lack a proper validation through controlled studies. The aim of the present study was to scientifically validate the in vitro efficacy of three common Indian Ayurvedic anthelmintic drugs, viz. Krimimudgar Ras, Kriminol and Vidangasava in relation to the synthetic broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs, praziquantel and albendazole. The in vitro testing of Ayurvedic anthelmintics was done against an intestinal cestode, Raillietina sp. and a nematode, Syphacia obvelata, employing 10 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml concentrations of each medicine. The anthelmintic efficacy was judged on the basis of paralysis and mortality time of worms after exposing to these Ayurvedic drugs. Of the three tested Ayurvedic medicines, Krimimudgar ras (KR) showed the most prominent efficacy, against both the cestode and nematode parasites. At 50 mg/ml concentration, KR caused mortality of cestodes in $7.53{\pm}0.15hr$, and of nematodes in $7.61{\pm}0.19hr$. Vidangasava was found to be comparatively less effective against the tested helminth parasites. The results of this study indicate that Ayurvedic formulations do possess significant anthelmintic effects, however, an evidence-based research is required to validate all currently used Ayurvedic anthelmintics, using proper controlled studies.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.199-203
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• 1983

The anthelmintic efficiency of nitroxynil(Trodax) at a dose rate of 10mg/kg was tested in naturally infected Korean native goat (Black goat) against Fasciola hepatica, Eurythrema pancreaticum, and Paramphistomum sp. The drug was administered with injection subcutaneouslly and the efficiency was measured by faecal examination microscopically. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The anthelmintic efficiency of nitroxynil against Fasciola hepatica was shown 33.3% on day 7, 88.9% on day 14 and 94.4% on day 28 after the administration of the drug, respectively. The reduction rates of egg per gram of faeces (E. P. G.) against Fasciola hepatica in faecal examination were shown 86.8% on day 7, 97.7% on day 14, and 99.7% on day 28 postmedication. 2. The anthelmintic efficiency of nitroxynil against Paramphistomum sp. was shown 0% on day 7, 10.5% on day 14, and 36.8% on day 28 after the administration of drug. The reduction rates of E. P. G. against the parasite were shown 13.2% on day 14, and 39.4% on day 28 postmedication. 3. The anthelmintic efficiency of nitroxynil against Eurythrema pancreaticum was shown 0% on day 7, 16.6% on day 14, and 25% on day 28 after the administration of the drug.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2008

In the present study, various extracts of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves have been studied for its anthelmintic, antimicrobial and antipyretic activities. In the anthelmintic and antipyretic study it was observed that the benzene extract was more potent than the other two extracts (ethanol and aqueous) even though all the three extracts were endowed with both the properties. The study reveals antimicrobial activity of the extracts against the tested strains of microorganisms between concentration ranges of $75\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $350\;{\mu}g/ml$ and shows effectiveness more against gram-positive bacteria than the gram-negative bacteria.

• 약학회지
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• 제7권2_3호
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• pp.58-66
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• 1963

Alkyl-phenylthionocarbamates already have been investigated as anthelmintics. Especially ethyl-phenylthionocarbamate is noted for its anthelmintic action. Author studied methods for synthesizing Alkyl-phenylthionocarbamates, Alkyl-p-phenetyl thionocarbamates, Alkyl-cyclohexylthionocarbamates, 5 kinds for each. For alkyl radical $-CH_{3}$, $-C_{2}H_{5}$, -n-propyl, -isobuthyl, -n-buthyl, being chosen. Compounds VIII, X, XIII, XIV, and XV are new compounds. At the sametime author prepared 4 kinds of Arylthionocarbamates, among which XVII, and XIX being new compounds. (Table I) The anthelmintic action of these thionocarbamates has been examined through kymographic records indicating the action of neuromuscular preparation of Eisenia foetida Savigny in the various concentration fo above compounds: -Trendelenburg method. Santonine as the criterion of the estimation. (Table. II) 1. Compounds I-X could be prepared by method A or method B. method A in sealed tube brought on better yield and purity. 2. Compounds XI-XV couldn't be prepared by method A but by method B. 3. Arylthionocarbamates XVI, XVII, XVIII, and XIX couldn't be prepared by method A or method B but by method C. 4. Analyzed N. contained in all compounds. Analyzed C.H. and N. contained in unknown compounds, VIII, X, XIII, XIV, XV, XVII, and XIX. 5. Examination of anthelmintic action has been done under the advice of Prof. J.S.Oh medical college, Seoul Nat. University. 6. Compounds VI-X showed little action. 7. Compounds XVI-XIX showed almost no action. 8. Compounds XI-XV showed stronger action than compounds I-V, which was reported already as a usable anthelmintics. 9. Compounds XI, XII, XIII and XIV showed strongest actions, stronger than santonine as recorded on kymographion of the Trendelenburg method. Provided that, the toxity of these compounds found mild enough for human system, these compounds will serve as anthelmintics of greater powers than compounds I-V. 10. In Alkylthionocarbamates, R'NH-radical more influence on the anthelmintic action than ester radical(-OR).

• 셀메드
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.9.1-9.4
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• 2019

Ayurveda is one of the ancient systems of traditional medicine in India, however, there is a lack of proper scientific research and controlled studies on efficacy and toxicity of several Ayurvedic formulations using the methods of modern science, which hinders the proper development of Ayurveda, both in India and abroad. The present study was undertaken to further corroborate the efficacy of some popular anthelmintic Ayurvedic medicines, as evident by the pharmacological effects of Ayurvedic formulations on body surface of a cestode parasite. This study employed a common intestinal cestode of domestic fowl, Raillietina sp., as a model parasite, that was exposed in vitro to different concentrations of three common Indian Ayurvedic anthelmintic drugs, namely Krimimudgar Ras, Kriminol and Vidangasava, and also to a modern anthelmintic drug, praziquantel (PZQ). After the paralysis of parasites, the specimens from the highest drug-treated concentration (50 mg/ml), praziquantel (1 mg/ml), and control groups, were collected and processed for scanning electron microscopic studies to document the effects of drugs on the body surface of parasite. In this study, maximum degree of alterations on parasite body surface was observed in the worms exposed to Krimimudgar Ras, indicating this drug to be highly efficacious against intestinal worms and brings out a transtegumental mode of action on parasite. In conclusion, the findings of present study suggest that of the three Ayurvedic formulations tested, Krimimudgar Ras possesses significant anthelmintic effects, which are mediated through parasite's body surface. Therefore, Krimimudgar Ras may be considered as a reliable anthelmintic Ayurvedic formulation, as validated through this study.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.914-937
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to establish a multi-residue quantitative method for the analysis of anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drugs in various livestock products (beef, pork, and chicken) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Each compound performed validation at three different levels i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2× the maximum residue limit according to the CODEX guidelines (CAC/GL 71-2009). This study was conducted according to the modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure. The matrix-matched calibrations gave correlation coefficients >0.98, and the obtained recoveries were in the range of 60.2%-119.9%, with coefficients of variation ≤32.0%. Furthermore, the detection and quantification limits of the method were in the ranges of 0.03-3.2 and 0.1-9.7 ㎍/kg, respectively. Moreover, a survey of residual anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drugs was also carried out in 30 samples of beef, pork, and chicken collected in Korea. Toltrazuril sulfone was detected in all three samples. Thus, our results indicated that the developed method is suitable for determining the anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drug contents in livestock products.

• 셀메드
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.22.1-22.19
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• 2016

The biologically active compounds derived from different natural organisms such as animals, plants, and microorganisms like algae, fungi, bacteria and merine organisms. These natural compounds possess diverse biological activities like anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities. These biological active compounds were acted by variety of molecular targets and thus may potentially contribute to several pharmacological classes. The synthesis of natural products and their analogues provides effect of structural modifications on the parent compounds which may be useful in the discovery of potential new drug molecules with different biological activities. Natural organisms have developed complex chemical defense systems by repelling or killing predators, such as insects, microorganisms, animals etc. These defense systems have the ability to produce large numbers of diverse compounds which can be used as new drugs. Thus, research on natural products for novel therapeutic agents with broad spectrum activities and will continue to provide important new drug molecules.