• Title/Summary/Keyword: antibiotics resistance

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Inducible Resistance to Lincosamide Antibiotics by Lincosamide Antibiotics in Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis EMR 균주에서 린코사마이드계 항생물질에 의한 유도내성)

  • ;;Weisblum, Bernard
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.317-322
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    • 1986
  • To clarify resistance mechanisms of lincosamide antibiotics, it was examined whether lincosamide antibiotics was able to induce high resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics against EMR-1 strain of Bacillus species. And it was also examined whether the inducible resistance was plasmid-mediated or chromosome-mediated. This strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis by its morphological and physiological characteristics. The subinhibitory concentrations of lincomycin and clindamycin induced high resistance in the strain to lincosamide antibiotics, but not to macrolide antibiotics. The inducible resistance was not eliminated by treating the strain with ethidium bromide, and plasmid was not identified by the alkaline lysis method of plasmid preparation. These results indicate, therefore, that the inducible resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics in the strain may be chromosome-mediated, not plasmid-mediated.

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Studies on the Resistance to Antibiotics in Bacteria Induced Resistance to Macrolide Antibiotics in Bacillus sp. (세균의 항생물질 내성에 관한 연구 Macrolide계 항생물질에 대한 유도 내성 Bacillus속 세균)

  • 최응칠;김병각;심미자;정경수;김혜령;이종길
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.169-174
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    • 1982
  • Several strains of bacteria having resistance to macrolide antibiotics were isolated. EMR-1, one of them, exhibited the induced resistance to macrolide antibiotics and this microorganism was identified as a bacterium belong to Bacillus species. The subinhibitory concentration of erythromycin or oleandomycin induced strong resistance to both erythromycin and oleandomycin themselves and to other macrolide antibiotics such as leucomycin, spiramycin and josamycin. The effective concentration of inducer, erythromycin was $0.0016-0.2\mu$g/ml. The inactivating enzyme of these antibiotics was not produced by EMR-1.

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Structural Insights for β-Lactam Antibiotics

  • Dogyeoung, Kim;Sumin, Kim;Yongdae, Kwon;Yeseul, Kim;Hyunjae, Park;Kiwoong, Kwak;Hyeonmin, Lee;Jung Hun, Lee;Kyung-Min, Jang;Donghak, Kim;Sang Hee, Lee;Lin-Woo, Kang
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.141-147
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    • 2023
  • Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat to modern healthcare systems and has nullified many commonly used antibiotics. β-Lactam antibiotics are among the most successful and occupy approximately two-thirds of the prescription antibiotic market. They inhibit the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall by mimicking the D-Ala-D-Ala in the pentapeptide crosslinking neighboring glycan chains. To date, various β-lactam antibiotics have been developed to increase the spectrum of activity and evade drug resistance. This review emphasizes the three-dimensional structural characteristics of β-lactam antibiotics regarding the overall scaffold, working mechanism, chemical diversity, and hydrolysis mechanism by β-lactamases. The structural insight into various β-lactams will provide an in-depth understanding of the antibacterial efficacy and susceptibility to drug resistance in multidrug-resistant bacteria and help to develop better β-lactam antibiotics and inhibitors.

Screening and Isolation of Antibiotic Resistance Inhibitors from Herb Materials-Resistance Inhibition of Volatile Components of Korean Aromatic Herbs

  • Lee, Chung-Kyu;Kim, Hye-Kyung;Moon, Kyung-Ho;Shin, Kuk-Hyun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 1998
  • The resistance inhibitory activities of 54 odorant mixtures (essential oil) from 41 Korean aromatic herbs were tested against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2, which has resistances to 10 usual antibiotics including chloramphenicol. As results, combinations of 28 kinds of samples from 21 herbs and chloramphenicol have resistance inhibitory activities in dose dependent manner.

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Screening of Inducible Resistance Genes to Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B(MLS) Antibiotics (마크로라이드-린코사마이드-스트렙토그라민 B(MLS)계 항생물질에 대한 유도 내성)

  • Kwon, Ae-Ran;Choi, Sung-Sook;Kim, Sook-Kyung;Chung, Young-Ja;Choi, Eung-Chil;Kim, Byoung-Kak
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.293-299
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    • 1994
  • Forty nine clinical isolates of S. aureus showing resistance to erythromycin(EM) were selected from 83 strains isolated recently in Korea. Fourteen strains of S. aureus showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics were selected by disc agar diffusion method. Colony hydridization was executed using two MLS inducible resistance genes, ermA and ermC, identified previously from S. aureus as probes. S. aureus 375 and S. aureus 507 whose genes were not homologous to those probes were finally selected. It was confirmed that the resistance genes of S. aureus 375 and S. aureus 507 had no homology with those probes in southern hybridization test using ermA, ermC and ermAM as probes. It was determined that S. aureus 375 had a plasmid whose size was about 35 kb. To know if the plasmid may have the genes related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics, it was attempted to transform Bacillus subtillis BR151 and S. aureus RN4220 with the plasmid isolated from S. aureus 375. It was shown that the gene related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics did not exist in this plasmid. These results indicate that two clinical isolates of S. aureus showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics have novel genes that have no homology with MLS resistance genes identified so far. It is assumed that these genes may exist in chromosomal DNA.

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Monitoring on the Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics

  • Jeong, Hye-Yoon;Jang, Seung-Jae;Lee, Song-Deuk;Min, Chung-Shik;Lee, So-Yeon;Lee, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Jung-Eun;Lee, Min-Seok;Lee, Kyung-Won
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2003.04a
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    • pp.227.2-227.2
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    • 2003
  • In the situation of high bacterial resistance to antibiotics in Korea, to assess diffusion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and levels of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in community, we monitored antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolates from healthy volunteers of community. (omitted)

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Evaluation of Antibiotics Resistance for Human-harmful Bacteria Isolated from Eco-friendly and Practical Cultivation Farms of Hot Pepper and Tomato (고추 및 토마토 친환경 및 관행재배지에서 분리한 인체 유해세균의 항생제 저항성 평가)

  • Lee, Sung-Hee;Do, Jiwon;Kim, Seong Kyeom;Oh, Kwang Kyo;Park, Jae-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.381-394
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    • 2023
  • This study was conducted to monitor the antibiotics resistance of human-harmful bacteria isolated in the agricultural environment for hot peppers (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). As a result, we isolated 120 bacterial species (34 on fruits, 48 in soil, 21 in water, and 17 in manure), identified them with the 16S rRNA sequence, analyzed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 26 antibiotics using Sensititre ARIS Hi-Q system and then evaluated whether each bacterial genus acquired resistance for the tested antibiotics or not, according to the CLSI criteria. From difference in MIC between eco-friendly (EFM) and practical (PFM) cultivation farms, Klebsiella spp. isolated from EFM was resistant to ampicillin (AMP) and nalidixic acid (NAL), and that isolated from PFM was resistant to streptomycin (STR) and tetracycline (TET). Enterobacter spp. isolated from EFM was resistant to AMP and azithromycin (AZI), and that isolated from PFM was resistant to AMP, AZI, and STR. Meanwhile, Pseudomonas spp. isolated from EFM and PFM were all resistant to AMP, AZI, cefotaxime (FOT), cefoxitin (FOX), ceftriaxone (AXO), CHL, NAL, and STR. Staphylococcus spp. isolated from EFM and PFM were resistant to gentamycin (GEN), STR, and kanamycin (KAN), and in particular, that from EFM showed resistance for erythromycin (ERY). In conclusion, our study suggested that EFM lead STR antibiotics resistance for human-harmful bacteria to decrease, because only the bacteria isolated from hot pepper and tomato crop with PFM have showed resistance against STR antibiotics, regardless of bacterial genus.

Detection of Antibiotic Resistance and Resistance Genes in Enterococci Isolated from Sucuk, a Traditional Turkish Dry-Fermented Sausage

  • Demirgul, Furkan;Tuncer, Yasin
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.670-681
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    • 2017
  • The aim of this study was to isolate enterococci in Sucuk, a traditional Turkish dry-fermented sausage and to analyze isolates for their biodiversity, antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of some antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 60 enterococci strains were isolated from 20 sucuk samples manufactured without using a starter culture and they were identified as E. faecium (73.3%), E. faecalis (11.7%), E. hirae (8.3%), E. durans (3.3%), E. mundtii (1.7%) and E. thailandicus (1.7%). Most of the strains were found resistant to rifampin (51.67%) followed by ciprofloxacin (38.33%), nitrofurantoin (33.33%) and erythromycin (21.67%). All strains were found susceptible to ampicillin. Only E. faecium FYE4 and FYE60 strains displayed susceptibility to all antibiotics. Other strains showed different resistance patterns to antibiotics. E. faecalis was found more resistant to antibiotics than other species. Most of the strains (61.7%) displayed resistance from between two and eight antibiotics. The ermB, ermC, gyrA, tetM, tetL and vanA genes were detected in some strains. A lack of correlation between genotypic and phenotypic analysis for some strains was detected. The results of this study indicated that Sucuk manufactured without using a starter culture is a reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistant enterococci. Consequently, Sucuk is a potential reservoir for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes from animals to humans.

Screening of Novel Inducible Resistance Gene to Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS) Antibiotics from Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus spp (임상분리 Staphylococcus속 균주로부터 마크로라이드-린코사마이드-스트렙토그라민 B(MLS)계 항생물질에 대한 새로운 유도내성 유전자의 검색)

  • 오정자;권애란;이미정;김숙경;최성숙;최응칠;김병각
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 1993
  • From 84 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species, ten strains showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics were selected by disk agar diffusion method. Colony hybridization was executed using two MLS inducible resistance genes, ermA and ermC, previously identified from S. aureus as probes. S. hemolyticus 401 and S. epidermidis 542 whose genes were not homologous to those probes were finally selected. It was determined that the resistance genes of S. hemolyticus 401 and S. epidermidis 542 were not homologous to ermA, ermC and ermAM by Southern hybridization. S. epidermidis 542 had a plasmid DNA. To know if the plasmid may have genes related to inducible resistance, it was attempted to transform B. subtilis BR151 and S. aureus RN4220 with the plasmid prepared from S. epidermidis 542. It was shown that the gene related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics did not exist in this plasmid. These results indicate that two clinical isolates of S. hemolyticus 401 and S. epidermidis 542 had novel genes which were not homologous to MLS resistance genes identified previously. It was assumed that these genes may exist in chromosomal DNA.

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Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Busan (부산에서 분리된 황색포도상구균의 항생제 내성 양상)

  • Lee, Jae-Yoon;Park, Jung-Hee;Moon, Kyung-Ho
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.164-168
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    • 2007
  • Antibiotic resistance patterns of 21 antibiotics were studied for 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a hospital in Busan from July 2005 to December 2006. All strains showed antibiotic resistance to more than one antibiotic and 3 strains showed resistance to 17 different antibiotics. The strains isolated between 2005 and 2006 had lower resistance rate to 12 antibiotics (other than vancomycin and ampicilin) than the strains isolated between 1989 and 1990. In particular, no chlorarmphenicol resistant strain was found in this study which is contrasted with 34.8% resistant rate obtained in the study conducted between 1989 and 1990. In respect of vancomycin, no resistant strain was found in this study which is the same result obtained in the 1989 to 1990 study; All strains investigated in this study showed 100% resistance rate to ampicillin compared to 69.6% in the previous study.