• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.732-738
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• 2001

This study was attempted to isolate and identify the anticancer compounds from Eucommia ulmoides leaves using a human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. The petroleum ether extracts with anticancer activity was chromatographed on silica gel TLC and finally anticancer compounds was purified by HPLC. Their chemical structures were roughly elucidate by UV-VIS absorption spectral data HPLC elution pattern and FAM/MS spectroscopy. From this study these compounds were suspected to be pheophytin a formed by the removal of $Mg^{2+}$ from chlorophyll a and pyropheophytina formed by the removal of acetate group from pheophytin a respectively. To confirm the anticancer effects against HCT-116 cancer cell petroleum ether extract fractions of column chromatography and fractions separated on TLC were tested. All samples tested including the extract of petroleum ether fractions of column chromatograph and three bands (0.13,0.19,0.25) of TLC appeared to inhibit the growth of HCT-116 cancer cell however especially 0.19 and 0.25 fractions separated on TLC plate revealed the strongest effect. These results suggest that chlorophyll derivatives in Eucommia ulmoides may be potential anticancer agents against a human colon cancer cell HCT-116.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1980

This study was prepared to observe some enzyme activities in the liver of mice treated with extracts of Ginseng anticancer compound, separated from the petroleum ether extracts by silicic acid chromatography, has the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Swiss mice, 72 heads were used (or this experiment and they were divdied into control, test group I and test group If, that test group I was injected crude extract and test group II was injected anticancer compound, while the control group was injected 0.9% NaCl solution. The injections were carried out 1,2,4 and 8 times once a day for 1-8 day, respectively. The liver was removed carefully from the mice at 24 hours after drugs injected, and homogenized at 4$^{\circ}C$ for enzyme study. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) were determined by Reitmen and Frankel method and lactic acid dehydrogenase activity was determined by Wroblewski methods in vitro. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The GOT activity was increased 26%, crude extract and 16%, anticancer compound than those of control at 1st injected groups and decreased gradually according to increase of injection time, at 8th injected groups, the GOT activity was decresed by 16%, crude extract and 12%, anticancer compound. 2. The GPT activity was not changed significantly at 1st and 2nd injected groups, but, at 4th injected groups, the GPT activity was decreased 20%, crude extract and 14%, anticancer compound. While the GPT activity was recovered to normal value at 8th injected groups. 3. At 1st injected groups, the LDH activity was increased 17%, anticancer compound, while those of crude extract was shown normal value. At 2nd injected groups, the LDH activity increased 35yo:, crude extract while those of anticancer compound was showed normal value. And the LOH activity was recovered gradually at 4th and 8th injected groups.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2007

Chitosan is a depolymerized and partially deacetylated derivative of chitin. We investigated the cytotoxicity of chitosan in cancer cell lines, such as P388, L1210, HCT-15, SK-HepG-1 and mouse splenocytes as a normal cell by MTT assay. To clarify whether chitosan enhances cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs, we also examined the cytotoxicity of combined treatment with chitosan and anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil in cancer cell lines in vitro. Chitosan ($37.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;75\;{\mu}g/mL,\;112.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;and\;150\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in the cancer cell lines. In addition, chitosan showed relatively lower cytotoxicity in normal cells than in the cancer cell lines. Particularly, this trend was significant at high doses of chitosan, i.e. $112.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;and\;150\;{\mu}g/mL$. Thus, these results suggest that chitosan may selectively induce the growth inhibition in cancer cell lines, compared to normal cells. Furthermore. the co-treatment of chitosan and anticancer drugs exhibited an apparant synergistic cytotoxicity in murine lymphoma cell lines, i.e. P388 and L1210 at $37.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ of chitosan rather than at $75\;{\mu}g/mL$ of chitosan, but such phenomenon could not be observed in solid tumor cell lines, i.e. HCT-15 and SK-HepG-1. However, chitosan did'nt reduced the cytotoxicity against normal mouse splenocytes induced by anticancer drugs. Therefore, it is concluded that the combination of chitosan and anticancer drugs might be useful for the cancer chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.30.1-30.8
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• 2023

Metformin is a treatment used widely for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with few side effects and acts by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Lymphoma is one of the most common hematological malignancies in dogs. Chemotherapy is used mainly on lymphoma, but further research on developing anticancer drugs for lymphoma is needed because of its severe side effects. This study examined the anticancer effects of metformin alone and in combination with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog, on EL4 cells (mouse T cell lymphoma). Metformin reduced the metabolic activity of EL4 cells and showed an additive effect when combined with 2-DG. In addition, cell death was confirmed using a trypan blue exclusion test, Hochest 33342/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and Annexin V/PI staining. An analysis of the cell cycle and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) to investigate the mechanism of action showed that metformin stopped the G2/M phase of EL4 cells, and metformin + 2-DG decreased MMP. Metformin exhibited anticancer effects as a G2/M phase arrest mechanism in EL4 cells and showed additive effects when combined with 2-DG via MMP reduction. Unlike cytotoxic chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs, metformin and 2-DG are related to cellular glucose metabolism and have little toxicity. Therefore, metformin and 2-DG can be an alternative to reduce the toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, research is needed to verify the in vivo efficacy of metformin and 2-DG before they can be used in lymphoma treatments.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.256-263
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• 2023

Species in the genus Trametes (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) have been used in natural medicine for a long time. Many studies reported that mycelia or fruiting bodies of Trametes spp. exhibited effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. However, comparative analysis in this genus is scarce due to limitation of morphological identification and the sample number. In this study, the 19 strains of seven Trametes species were chosen to generate a five-gene-based phylogeny with the 31 global references. In addition, 39 culture extracts were prepared for 13 strains to test for anticancer and antibacterial activities. Strong anticancer activities were found in several extracts from T. hirsuta and T. suaveolens. Anticancer activities of T. suaveolens, T. cf. junipericola and T. trogii were first described here. The antibacterial ability of T. versicolor and T. hirsuta extracts has been confirmed. The antibacterial activities of T. suaveolens have been reported at the first time in this study. These results suggest an efficient application of the genus Trametes as the drug resources especially for anticancer agents.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate an antioxidant ability, the change of antioxidant ability, antimicrobial activity and anticancer in functional meat ball and sausage prepared from Lentinus edoes mycelium and texturized soy protein. Methods : This experiments was carried out to investigate antioxidant ability(TBARS, DPPH, SOD-like ability), antibacterial activity and anticancer ability using sarcoma 180 extracts from Lentinus edoes mycelium. Result : Anticancer ability of Lentinus edoes mycelium showed a 28% survival rate and 63% of inhibition rate of tumor, which showed $1.30{\pm}0.4g$ of tumor weight. These results revealed an effective Lentinus edoes mycelium resources as anticancer sources. After heating peoducts prepared from Lentinus edoes mycelium, these products doesn't showed difference between after heating and before heating in measuring of SOD-like activity and DPPH. In DPPH experiment, ethanol extracts showed a high DPPH value as 90.85%, but hot water extracts showed 82.14% in DPPH value. Conclusion : In conclusion, it is very useful resources for preparing functional food on the basis of results from antioxidant(TBARS, DPPH, SOD-like ability), antibacterial activity and anticancer ability using sarcoma 180.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2001

Neutropenia is a major dose-limiting side effect of cancer chemotherapy. The therapeutic effect of HM 10411 was examined on neutropenia caused by anticancer agents. Neutropenia in normal ICR mice was induced by a single combined intraperitoneal injection of 130 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CPA). 4.5 mg/kg of doxorubicin (DXR). and 1 mg/kg of vincristine (VCR) on day O. Neutropenia in tumor-bearing mice was made by a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CPA) into BALB/c mice bearing Colon 26 adenocarcinoma at 7 day after tumor implantation. HM 10411 or filgrastim (100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day) was subcutaneously administered for 5 consecutive days starting 1 day after injection of anticancer agents in order to stimulate neutrophil production. Injection of HM 10411 accelerated the recovery from these anticancer drug-induced neutropenia. In normal and tumor-bearing mice. neutrophil production efficacy of HM 10411 was similar than that of filgrastim. These results suggest that HM 10411 could be useful in the clinical treatment for neutropenia induced by anticancer agents.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.295-300
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• 2011

Paclitaxel is a well known anticancer agent and has been a pharmaceutical challenge because of its extremely poor water-solubility and susceptibility to the p-glycoprotein (p-gp)-mediated efflux in multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Tributyrin (TB), a triglyceride with relatively short fatty acid chains, was chosen as solubilizing vehicle for paclitaxel based on the solubility study (26.6 mg/mL). Tributyrin (10%) o/w emulsion containing paclitaxel (5%), egg phosphatidylcholine (5%) and pegylated phospholipid (0.5%) was prepared by high pressure homogenization to obtain submicron-sized emulsion. The mean particle size of the resultant TB emulsion was 395.5 nm. Paclitaxel in TB emulsion showed higher anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, than free form delivered in DMSO solution. On the other hand, its anticancer activity was significantly reduced in MCF-7/ADR, a MDR variant cancer cell line of MCF-7, and recovered by the presence of verapamil, suggesting of the susceptibility to the p-gp mediated efflux even though paclitaxel was encapsulated into emulsion. The TB emulsion showed great potential as a promising vehicle for water-insoluble anticancer agent, paclitaxel.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.52.2-52.2
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• 2011

Flat form technology for constructing anticancer loaded multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwCNTs) was introduced in this study. Conventional anticancer drugs, such as MTX (Methotrexate), cisplatin, DOX (Doxorubicin hydrochloride), DAU (Daunorubicin) and EPI (epirubicin) were bio-conjugated with folic acid (FA) for selective targeting tumor cells. Loading efficiencies of the used anticancer drugs on mwCNTs have shown different order of bindings depending on the molecular bind affinity of NH (amine) formation on mwCNTs. MTT assays have shown increased selective target efficiency of FA conjugated mwCNTs on breast cancer cell growth inhibition. All results collectively indicated promising application of mwCNTs as a smart inorganic nanomaterial for selective targeting drug delivery vehicle at tumor tissues.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1571-1578
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• 2013

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, the demand for more effective and safer therapeutic agents for the chemoprevention of human cancer has increased. As a white rot fungus, Inonotus obliquus is valued as an edible and medicinal resource. Chemical investigations have shown that I. obliquus produces a diverse range of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, melanins, and lanostane-type triterpenoids. Among these are active components for antioxidant, antitumoral, and antiviral activities and for improving human immunity against infection of pathogenic microbes. Importantly, their anticancer activities have become a hot recently, but with relatively little knowledge of their modes of action. Some compounds extracted from I. obliquus arrest cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase and then induce cell apoptosis or differentiation, whereas some examples directly participate in the cell apoptosis pathway. In other cases, polysaccharides from I. obliquus can indirectly be involved in anticancer processes mainly via stimulating the immune system. Furthermore, the antioxidative ability of I. obliquus extracts can prevent generation of cancer cells. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding mechanisms underlying the anticancer influence of I. obliquus, to provide a comprehensive landscape view of the actions of this mushroom in preventing cancer.