• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.500-504
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• 2001

Gamma irradiation was applied to reduce egg allergy. Ovalbumin (OVA), an egg white protein, was used as model allergen and was gamma-irradiated at 3, 5, or 10 kGy in an aqueous state (2.0 mg/mL). The changes in allergenic and antigenic properties of OVA resulted from gamma irradiation were monitored by ELISA with serum from egg-hypersensitive patients (H-IgE), and mouse monoclonal IgG (M-IgG) or rabbit polyclonal IgG (R-IgG). The binding ability of H-IgE to irradiated OVA was dose-dependently reduced. However, IgGs from animal did better recognize 3 or 5 kGy-irradiated OVA. In the evaluation of immune reactivity using blind test, the reactivity of H-IgE rapidly decreased depending upon the irradiation dose. However, the reactivities of M-IgG and R-IgG was higher at 5 and 3 kGy-irradiated OVA than non-irradiated control. The results provide a new possibility to use irradiation process for reducing the allergenicity of egg white.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.681-692
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• 1996

The present study was conducted to isolate Babesia gibsoni by culture method of the microaerophilous stationary phase(MASP) and analyse the antigenic properties of the parasite by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. The results obtained were summarized as follows. The protozoan parasite Babesia gibsoni multiplied in canine erythrocytes in RPMI 1640 medium(pH7.0) containing 20 40% normal canine serum under the MASP condition of 5% CO2 and 95% air at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator. The levels of parasitaemia in the erythrocytes were shown more higher by exchanging the medium at 24 hours interval. Under the above condition of MASP, the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes(PPE) after incubation for 8 days increased about 14 times more than that in the initiation of the 1% infected canine erythrocyte culture. The parasites were purely isolated from the MASP culture of red blood cells collected from dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni naturally or artificially. Among the total of 36 canine(Pit-bullterier) blood samples the parasites were isolated from 17 cases(47.2%) in the MASP culture while the parasites were detected from 20 cases(56%) and 12 cases(33.3%), respectively, by indirect fluorescent antibody(IFA) test and direct light microscopy(DLM). On the other hand, Babesia gibsoni was isolated by MASP culture from 15 cases(75%) and 11 cases(92%) of positive cases of IFA and DLM, respectively. In the analysis of the erythrocytic merozoite(AEOM) antigen derived from infected dog approximately 11 antigenic bands in molecular weight of 130, 120, 97.4, 92, 80, 52, 50, 42, 36, 30 and 29 KDa were observed on SDS-PAGE. Antigenic bands in the endoerythrocytic merozoite(CEOM) antigen derived from infected erythrocyte (sediment) in MASP culture were much similar to those of AEOM bands. In the exoerythrocytic merozoite(CEEM) antigen derived from supernatant of the infected erythrocyte culture approximately 20 antigenic bands were observed and the molecular weight of the major bands among these were 140, 120, 114, 105, 96, 93, 92, 80, 60, 52, 50, 38, 36, 30, 24, 18.5 and 16 KDa. In the protein patterns of AEOM and CEOM antigen by immunoblot 15 bands were observed and these patterns were much similar between each other. The molecular weight of the major bands in the both antigens were 130, 120, 80, 60, 52, 50, 42, 30, 29, 18.5 and 16 KDa. Approximately 21 bands were observed in CEEM antigen and the molecular weight of the major bands were 140, 120, 96, 92, 85, 80, 76, 60, 52, 50, 37, 30, 24, 16 and 15 KDa. The specific antigenic bands in the artificially infected dogs were firstly observed at 3 weeks afrer inoculation of infected blood and these antigenic bands were maintained up to 18 months after inoculation. In the immunoblot of the sera of the splenectomized dogs the specific antigenic bands with the molecular weight of 93 KDa and 52 KDa, respectively, were observed weakly comparing to those of non-splenectomized dog. In immunoblot of the sera collected from the naturally infected dogs the antigenic bands were observed as same as those of artificially infected dogs while antigenic band of 29 KDa in some individual dog showed strongly. In comparison of immunoblot of the sera collected from dogs non-treated and treated with diminazene aceturate(7mg/kg, IM) after artificial infection no differences of antigenic bands were observed. In analysis of antigenic bands by digoxigenin glycan/protein double labeling, antigenic bands in the molecular weight of 106, 60 58, 36, 30 and 29 KDa were determined as glycoproteins.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 1975

The chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, Freeobacillus ferroxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans were identified according to their immunological and serological properties. The antibody to these organisms was easily elicited in experimental animals, however, the overall serologicl reactivities were low according to different kinds of titration methods. By means of the quantitive and qualitative analysis such as hemagglutination or ouchterlony tests, F.ferroxidans and T. thiooxidans were different in their immunoreactivities, whereas the strains among the F.ferrooxidans were possessed, in some extent, the sharing antigenic determinants. In the results of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/radioimmunometric method, the major antigenic determinants of the organisms illustrated the type specificitles in the fraction number of 20-30 in their gel electrophoretograms with some modifications of the antigenic moieties.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1973

Author investigated fluorence antibody reaction for the antigenic relationships between Asp niger group, Asp flavus and Asp parasiticus which was indicated as follows: 1. It was concluded that there are complete differences in the antigenic properties each other because it has not cross reaction, therefore identification of strains will be simpley classified. 2. A complete cross reaction between Asp flavus and Asp parasitic us in the Asp flavus groups existed, accordingly this reaction could not identified the strain and classified between Asp. flavus and Asp. parasiticus. 3. This experiment also followed with the separated each strains from the origin (Meju, Nuruk, ATCC, NRRL), but there no differences. From the above results, this method could be classified between Asp flavus group and Asp niger group in the genus Aspergillus, but classification of Asp. flavus and Asp. parasiticus should hardely conclude with this method.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

Respiratory viruses were isolated from patients with acute respiratory infections in Busan during 2000-2001 and characterized for their antigenic properties. In 2000, 39 out of 43 isolated viruses were identified as influenza viruses and the others were adenoviruses. Among the isolated influenza viruses,23 were type A influenza viruses and 16 were type B influenza viruses. As a result of antigenic characterization, the influenza viruses were determined to A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2)-like, A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1)-like, and B/Harbin07/94-like viruses and serotypes of the isolated adenoviruses were type 1, 2, and 5. In 2001, 56 viruses were isolated and all of the viruses were identified as influenza viruses. They were A/panama/253/99(H3N2)-like and A/Newcaledonia/2007/99(H1Nl)-like viruses when determined by their antigenic properties. The sex distribution of the patients is as follows, 14 males (32.56%),23 females (67.44％) in 2000, and 23 males (41.07%), 33 females (58.93%) in 2001. Occurrence rate was found to be higher in female patients in both years. Age distribution of patients, in 2000, 48.84％ of infection occurred in 0 to 1 year old while in 2002, 33.93% occurred among 11-20 year olds. In 2000, occurrence rate was found to be high in January and again in April and various types of viruses were isolated. These results may be useful for vaccine development and establishment of reliable epidemic data.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.329-333
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• 2003

Influenzavirus were isolated from patients with acute respiratory infections in Busan during 2000-2002 and characterized their antigenic properties. In 2000, 39 viruses were isolated and they were identified as Influenzavirus. Among the isolated influenzavirus, 23 were A type influenzavirus and 16 were B type influenzavirus. As a result of antigenic characterization, the influenzavirus were determined to A/Sydney/05/97 (H3N2)-like, A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1)-like, and B/Harbin/07/94-like virus. In 2001, 56 viruses were isolated and all of the viruses were identified as influenzavirus. They were A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2)-like and A/Newcaledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like virus In 2002, 114 Influenzaviruses were isolated. Among the isolated influenzavirus, 83 were A type influenzaviruses, and 31 were B type influenzaviruses. They were A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2)-like, A/Newcaledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like and B/Beijing/243/97, B/Honkong/22/2001, B/Sichuam/379/99-like virus when determined their antigenic properties. These results may be useful for the establishment of reliable epidemic data.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.743-751
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• 2017

During slaughtering, animal blood is typically discarded, resulting in water pollution. However, this discarded blood has valuable components, such as immunoglobulin (Ig). Although several studies have been conducted to develop methods for effective recycling of slaughterhouse blood, they have not been commercially utilized in Korea. Here, we extracted an Ig-rich fraction from porcine blood that was then subjected to various in vitro tests, including pathogen growth inhibition, antigenic cross-reactivity, and anti-toxin activity. The porcine immunoglobulin concentrate (PIC) was effectively purified by eliminating other components, such as albumin, and consisted of approximately $63.2{\pm}2.9%$ IgG and $7.2{\pm}0.4%$ IgM on a protein basis. The results showed that it significantly suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and bound to all tested pathogens, including both gram-positive and gram-negative species, although the degree of activity differed according to strain. The PIC bound to two types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the PIC restored the proliferation activity of the lymphoblast K-562 cells when co-incubated with pathogenic LPS. These results confirm that the PIC prepared in this study is a potentially valuable functional food material or diet supplement as an alternative to antibiotics that can protect animals from pathogenic bacteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.530-530
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• 2000

The host defense system or immune system of all modern animals has their roots in very ancient organisms. After analyzing literature data concerning properties of invertebrates and vertebrates lectins we suggest that mechanism of mannans recognition may exist in marine invertebrates, as a universal mechanism for homeostasis maintenance and host defense, and mannan-binding lectins family of vertebrates has ancient precursor, as was shown for another S-type lectins family. We carried out the screening of mannan-binding type lectin among different species of echinoderms inhabiting in Piter the Grate Bay, the sea of Japan. As a result, the C-type lectins (SJL-32) specific for high mannose glycans was isolated from the coelomic plasma of the sea cucumbers Stichopus japonicus by ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, affinity chromatography on a mannan-Sepharose 6B and gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200. SJL-32 is homodimer with molecular mass about 32 kDa on SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. Protein part of the lectin has high conteins Asn, Glu, Ser. Hemagglutination of trypsin-treated O blood group human erythrocytes by SJL-32 was competitively inhibited by high-branched -D-mannan composed of -1,2 and -1,6 linked D-mannopyranose residues. In contrast, a variety of mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides composed of residues of galactose and fucose showed absence or little inhibitory activities. The lectin activity strong depends on Ca2+ concentration, temperature and pH. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies were obtained to the lectin. As was shown by ELISA assay, antibodies to SJL-32 cross-reacted with human serum mannan-binding lectin. This data allows making conclusion about common antigenic determinants and structural homology of both lectins. In our opinion, SJL-32 belongs to evolutionary high conservative mannan-binding lectins (MBLs) family and takes part in the host defense against pathogenic microorganisms.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.55.1-55.12
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• 2022

Background: ASF was first reported in Kenya in 1910 in 1921. In China, ASF spread to 31 provinces including Henan and Jiangsu within six months after it was first reported on August 3, 2018. The epidemic almost affected the whole China, causing direct economic losses of tens of billions of yuan. Cause great loss to our pig industry. As ELISA is cheap and easy to operate, OIE regards it as the preferred serological method for ASF detection. P54 protein has good antigenicity and is an ideal antigen for detection. Objective: To identify a conservative site in the African swine fever virus (ASFV) p54 protein and perform a Cloth-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the ASFV antibody in order to reduce risks posed by using the live virus in diagnostic assays. Method: We used bioinformatics methods to predict the antigen epitope of the ASFV p54 protein in combination with the antigenic index and artificially synthesized the predicted antigen epitope peptides. Using ASFV-positive serum and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we performed indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA to verify the immunological properties of the predicted epitope polypeptide. Results: The results of our prediction revealed that the possible antigen epitope regions were A23-29, A36-45, A72-94, A114-120, A124-130, and A137-150. The indirect ELISA showed that the peptides A23-29, A36-45, A72-94, A114-120, and A137-150 have good antigenicity. Moreover, the A36-45 polypeptide can react specifically with the mAb secreted by hybridoma cells, and its binding site contains a minimum number of essential amino acids in the sequence 37DIQFINPY44. Conclusions: Our study confirmed a conservative antigenic site in the ASFV p54 protein and its amino acid sequence. A competitive ELISA method for detecting ASFV antibodies was established based on recombinant p54 and matching mAb. Moreover, testing the protein sequence alignment verified that the method can theoretically detect antibodies produced by pigs affected by nearly all ASFVs worldwide.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.822-827
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• 2000

Gamma irradiation was applied to reduce shrimp allergy. Shrimp heat-stable protein(HSP) and shrimp protein extract were gamma-irradiated at 1, 3, 5, 7 or 10 kGy in an aqueous state (1.0 mg/mL). The changes in allergenic and antigenic properties of protein extract and HSP resulted from gamma irradiation were monitored by ELISA with mouse mAb or human patients sera and immunoblotting. Conformational changes in irradiated HSP were measured by both GPC-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The binding ability of shrimp allergic patients IgE to irradiated protein extract or irradiated heat-stable protein was dose-dependently reduced. When measured by gel permeation chromatography and sandwich ELISA, the amount of intact heat-stable protein in the irradiated solution was reduced by gamma irradiation depending upon the applied dose. SDS-PAGE showed that the main band disappeared and new bands appeared in a higher molecular weight zone. The results provide a new possibility to use irradiation process for reducing the allergenicity of shrimp.