• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.330-337
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins in relation to serum malondialdehye(MDA) level in postmenopausal women with common occurance of cardiovascular disease(CVD). Data about general characteristics including smoking, drinking and exercise status, dietary intake and serum level of antioxidant vitamins, and serum MDA level were collected from eighty-five postmenopausal women. Mean serum MDA level was 1.62$\pm$0.03nmol/ml, and general characteristics and serum lipid profiles were not significantly different among the three group: low MDA(<1.45nmol/ml), midium MDA(1.45-1.74nmol/ml) and high MDA($\geq$1.74nmol/ml). Total mean vitamin A intake was 472.8$\pm$37.7RE, 68% of RDA, vitamin C intake was 134.3$\pm$8.7mg, 192% of RDA and vitamin E intake was 8.6$\pm$0.5mg, 86% of RDA for Korean. In takes of antioxidant vitamins from the diet were not significantly different among the three groups. However significant negative correlation(r=-0.242, p<0.05) was observed between vitamin E intake and serum MDA level in total subjects. Total mean serum vitamin A, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin C level were 0.59$\pm$0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 0.25$\pm$0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 9.02$\pm$0.28$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. Total mean serum vitamin E and vitamin E/total cholesterol level were 9.15$\pm$0.42$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 4.09$\pm$0.17$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, respectively. Serum antioxidant vitamins levels were not significantly different among the three groups. However serum vitamin C and E level were negatively correlated to serum MDA level. We can conclude that it will be helpful for postmenopausal women with common occurance of CVD to improve nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins by increasing intakes of antioxidant vitamins, especially vitamin C and E. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 330~337, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.775-780
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• 1999

We investigated the effects of antioxidant vitamins supplementation on antioxidative status and plasma lipid profile in female Korean non-insulin diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Forty-five patients were groups by types of vitamin to take into three groups-Vitam in E group(400IU/day, n=15), Vitamin C group (1,000mg/day, n=15) and Vitamin E plus C group (400 IU plus 1,000mg/day). Supplementation period was 4 weeks. After vitamins supplementation, plasma vitamin E concentration significantly increased in vitamin E and vitamin E + C group, but plasma retinol concentration were not affected by vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation. And plasma levels of lipid peroxide measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), indicator of lipid peroxidation and increased susceptibility of LDL towards lipid peroxidation, were significantly decreased in all three groups after vitamins supplementation. Also catalase activities in erythrocytes were significantly decreased after antioxidant vitamin supplementation in all subjects. And after vitamins supplementation, post prandial 2 hour glucose and total cholesterol levels was decreased in all subjects. And after vitamins supplementation, post prandial 2 hour glucose and total cholesterol levels was decreased in all patients, especially there was a significant difference in vitamin C, Vitamin E + C group. In this study, antioxidant vitamins supplementation might have a protective function against the free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation and decrease the plasma total cholesterol levels in Korean female NIDDM patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.809-818
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant vitamins and magnesium supplementation on fasting blood glucose and lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study is a unequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Seventyone subjects with type 2 diabetes who were recruited from home visiting clients of a public health center, completed the trial. The experimental group entered a 12-week treatment period with antioxidant vitamins and magnesium and the control group with no antioxidant vitamins and magnesium. Results: Serum level of fasting blood glucose decreased from $134.7mg/d{\ell}$ to $125.0mg/d{\ell}$ and total-cholesterol decreased from $215.5mg/d{\ell}$ to $198.2mg/d{\ell}$ in the experimental group. No changes in fasting blood glucose and total-cholesterol were demonstrated in the control group. Conclusions: A short-term supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and magnesium can reduce fasting blood glucose and total-cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. The continuous effect of this supplementation and the beneficial effect on the prevention of diabetes complication still needs to be demonstrated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2000

The effect of oral vitamin e (800IU/day) and C (500mg/day) supplementation for 10 days and/or smoking cessation for 5 days on oxidative damage to the red blood cells (RBC) of male smokers (22.2$\pm$0.2 years old) was studied. RBC were tested for their ability to protect against smoking-induced oxidative damage by measuring heme proteins (carboxyhemoglobin, hemoglobin, methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin), hemolysis and thiobarbiturinc acid reactive substances (TBARS). Plasma levels of vitamin c, A, E, $\beta$-catotene, total cholesterol, glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) were also analyzed. In experiment one, a comparison was made of heme proteins and lipid damage to RBC, plasma antioxidant status (indexed by plasma levels of vitamin C, E, A and $\beta$-carotene) between smokers(n=56) and non-smokers (n=16). No differences were found in plasma antioxidant status, heme protein damage and TBARS concentration of RBC. In experiment two, 46 fasting male smokers from experiment one were divided into 4 groups. The groups were smoking with placebo group(SP, n=14), smoking cessation with vitamins supplementatin group (SV, n=13), smoking cessation with placebo group (NSP, n=9) and smoking cessation with vitamins supplementation group (NSV, n=10). After supplementing antioxidant vitamins, significant increases were seen in plasma vitamins supplementation group (NSV, n=10). After supplementing antioxidant vitamins, significant increases were seen plasma vitamin C (p<0.05) and vitamin E levels (p<0.05). The plasma vitamin E level was highest in the NSV group. Vitmain E and C supplementation provided some protection against heme proteins and lipid damage by lowering methemoglobin, hemolysis and TBARS concentration of RBC. Smoking cessation significantly decreased TBARS of RBC and plasma total cholesterol concentration. Supplementing vitamin E and C with smoking cessation considerably lowered plasma total cholesterol. These results point to a special association among smoking, oxidative damage and plasma antioxidant vitamin status. They indicate that increases in plasma antioxidant status can be detected after the supplementation of vitamin C and E and that smoking cessation had an additional effect on plasma vitamin E level. The present data suggest that improved antioxidant status induced by antioxidant supplementation or smoking cessation may help prevent oxidative damage in smokers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.440-447
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• 2004

In this study the in vitro protective effects of several antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, $\alpha$-tocopherol, $\beta$-carotene), fruits and vegetables (strawberry, tangerine, orange and 100％ orange juice, carrot juice), on the levels of isolated human lymphocyte DNA damage was measured using Comet assay. Comet assay has been used widely to assess the level of the DNA damage in the individual cells. Lymphocytes were pre-treated for 30 minutes with antioxidant vitamins (10, 50, 100, 500 $\mu$M) or fruits$.$vegetables (10, 100, 500, 1000 $\mu$g/ml), an4 then oxidatively challenged with 100 $\mu$M $H_2O$$_2$ for 5 min at 4$^{\circ}C$. The protective effect of antioxidant vitamins against DNA damage at a concentration of 50 $\mu$M were 50％ in vitamin C, 32％ in $\alpha$-tocopherol, whereas, fJ-carotene showed a 55％ protection at a dose as low as 10 $\mu$M. The inhibitory effects of DNA damage by strawberry, tangerine, orange, orange juices, carrot juices were 50 - 60％ with wide ranges of doses. The results of the present study indicate that most the antioxidant vitamins and fruits$.$vegetables juices produced a significant reduction in oxidative DNA damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.257-264
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the life style and the nutritional status of serum antioxidant vitamins and lipids in university male and female students. 48 male and 49 female students attending Andong university, aged between 18 and 25 years, were selected. Questions about the life styles including dietary intakes, food habits, smoking, drinking alcohol, exercise, stress were answered. And serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipids were determined. Average serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL C, HDL C, and triglyceride in male and female subjects were 158.6$\pm$32.7, 177.3$\pm$33.8; 86.4$\pm$26.0, 109.0$\pm$31.2; 46.0$\pm$10.7, 49.9$\pm$12.4; 131.2$\pm$22.5, 91.7$\pm$ 38.6mg/dl respectively. Average serum levels of antioxidant vitamin A, E and C in male and female subjects were 42.6$\pm$12.3, 31.4$\pm$9.8 g/dl, 1.11$\pm$0.38, 1.15$\pm$0.29mg/dl and 164.66 $\pm$65.01, 220.06$\pm$80.11 g/dl respectively. There was no significant difference between smoking habits and either serum lipids or antioxidant vitamins level. The serum vitamin C level of drinkers was significantly lower(p=0.038), but serum lipids(total cholesterol, LDL C, and triglyceride) were higher than non alcoholic subjects. The subjects with severe stress had lower in HDL C and higher in atherogenic index than others. This result indicates that oxidative stress may be increased in stressful environment from undesirable life styles and influence the status of serum lipid and antioxidant vitamins.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2016

It is important to verify the identity of plant-based multivitamins prepared with a natural-concept and popular for daily consumption because they are easily purchased in markets with imperfect information. For this study, a generalized partially double-index model (GPDIM) was employed as a main statistical method to identify the contribution of vitamins and phytochemicals to antioxidant potentials using data on antioxidant capacities and chemical fingerprinting. A bootstrapping approach via sufficient dimension reduction is adopted to estimate the two unknown coefficient vectors in the GPDIM. Fifth order polynomial regressions are fitted to measure the contributions of vitamins and phytochemicals after estimating the coefficient vectors with the two double indices.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.461-471
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• 2006

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals supplementation on blood pressure and lipids in the elderly with hypertension. Methods: This study adopted a unequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. For this study, 79 subjects with hypertension were selected among the home visiting clients of public health centers. The experimental group received 12-weeks' treatment with antioxidant vitamin A, C, E, carotene, magnesium and selenium and the control group did not take any antioxidant vitamin and mineral. Results: There were statistical differences in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and the control group after the intervention. In the experimental group, systolic blood pressure decreased from 145.4mmHg before the intervention to 135.7mmHg after the intervention, and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 88.3mmHg before the intervention to 81.9mmHg after the intervention. However, there were no statistical differences in total cholesterol and triglyceride between the experimental group and the control group after the intervention. Conclusions: A short-term supplementation with antioxidant vitamins & minerals can reduce blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. The continuous effects of the supplementation and its beneficial effects on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases still need to be studied further.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2006

This study investigated the correlation of the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins and serum lipids and MDA levels in postmenopausal women. Data about general characteristics, dietary intakes and biochemical parameters, including serum lipids, MDA and antioxidant vitamins levels, were collected from 85 postmenopausal women. The subjects were classified into three groups according to their serum total cholesterol level: normocholesterolemia group (NC, < 200 mg/dL), moderate hypercholesterolemia group (MC, $200{\sim}239mg/dL$) and hypercholesterolemia group(HC, ${\geq}240mg/dL$). The results are as follows. 1) General characteristics and serum MDA levels were not significantly different among the three groups. 2) Daily nutrients intakes adjusted to energy intake were not significantly different among the three groups, and were compatible with dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for Koreans. 3) Dietary Vt. A, ${\beta}-carotene$, Vt. C and Vt. E intake were not significantly different among the groups, while Vt. E intake was positively related with serum TC (r=0.288, p<0.05) and triglyceride (r=0.341, p<0.001) levels. 4) Serum Vt. A level standardized by serum TC level was significantly low and serum Vt. E level was significantly high in the HC group. Serum Vt. E level was positively related with serum TC level (r=0.389, p<0.001). 5) Dietary Vt. E intake was negatively correlated to serum MDA level (r=-0.242 p<0.05). Serum Vt. C and Vt. E levels were also negatively correlated to serum MDA level (r=-0.312, p<0.001 and r=-0.299, p<0.05). When the correlation was analyzed only in the group with hypercholesterolemia, correlation coefficients between the antioxidant vitamin and serum MDA level were higher. We concluded that intakes of antioxidant vitamins can contribute to decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease by decreasing the oxidative stress of body rather than by controlling serum lipid levels.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of antioxidant vitamins on the cellular oxidant damage by observing the mitogenicity in the mouse spleen and the strand breaks of DNA in mouse blood induced by $AFB_2$. Intraperitoneal(i.p.) injections of vitamin C(VC) of 10 mg/kg and vitamin E(VE) of 63.8 mg/kg were repeatedly administered to male ICR mice of 6 weeks old at intervals of 4 times every 2 days. After one hour vitamin treatments, $AFB_1$ of 0.4 mg/kg was injected into the $AFB_2$ plus vitamin treated groups in the same way. On the other hands, into the $AFB_2$ only treated group, only $AFB_2$ was injected without vitamins in the same method as above. The results of the experiment are as follows ; as regard to comet assay, DNA strand breaks were clearly present and they formatted a typical comet tail in the mice blood of the $AFB_2$ only treated groups. However, comet tails apparently disappeared in $AFB_2$ plus antioxidant vitamins treated groups since oxidant damage was controlled in an almost similar level to the control group. Mitogenicity of the spleen also showed a similar tendency as before, and these differences were more remarkably observed in the reaction against Con-A, which is a T-cell mitogen. In these data, the statistical significance was p<0.01. The LDL and VLDL levels were 408.72, 504.47 mg/dl respectively in the $AFB_2$ only treated groups. Compared with the $AFB_1$ only treated groups, those of $AFB_2$ plus antioxidant vitamin treated groups decreased to 272.06(VC), 305.28 mg/dl(VE), respectively. On the other hand, HDL levels were diminished to 32.60, 29.60 mg/dl in $AFB_2$ only treated groups, compared to 42.23, 41.14 mg/dl in the $AFB_2$ plus antioxidant vitamins treated groups. But, blood glucose levels were not statistically significant.