• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.420-432
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• 2020

The reconstruction of archaeological fragments in 3D geometry is an important problem in pattern recognition and computer vision. Therefore, we implement an algorithm with the help of a 3D model to perform reconstruction from the real datasets using the slope features. This approach avoids the problem of gaps created through the loss of parts of the artifacts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assemble the object without previous knowledge about the form of the original object. We utilize the edges of the fragments as an important feature in reconstructing the objects and apply multiple procedures to extract the 3D edge points. In order to assign the positions of the unknown parts that are supposed to match, the contour must be divided into four parts. Furthermore, to classify the fragments under reconstruction, we apply a backpropagation neural network. We test the algorithm on several models of ceramic fragments. It achieves highly accurate results in reconstructing the objects into their original forms, in spite of absent pieces.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2005

Ancient cattle bones were excavated from archaeological sites in Jeju, Korea. We used molecular genetic techniques to identify the species and establish its relationship to extant cattle breeds. Ancient DNA was extracted from four sources: a humerus (Gonae site, A.D. 700-800), two fragments of radius, and a tooth (Kwakji site, A.D. 0-900). The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop regions were cloned, sequenced, and compared with previously reported sequences of various cattle breeds (9 Asian, 8 European, and 3 African). The results revealed that these bones were of the breed, Bos taurus, and a phylogenetic tree indicated that the four cattle bones formed a monophyletic group with Jeju native black cattle. However, the patterns of sequence variation and reports from archaeological sites suggest that a few wild cattle, with a different maternal lineage, may have existed on Jeju Island. Our results will contribute to further studies of the origin of Jeju native cattle and the possible existence of local wild cattle.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.39.1-39.6
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• 2021

The classification of the bone pieces excavated from Gasan-ri archaeological site 1 in Jinju, presumed to be relics was investigated macroscopically. The remains of the animal bone were 3 classes (Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia), 5 orders (Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Galliformer, Rodentia, Salientia), and 6 species (Sus scrofa, Cervidae sp., Nyctereutes procyonides, Phasianidae, Rattus norvegicus caraco, Rana nigromaculata). The total weight of the animal bone remains was 1,002.80 g, with the identified bones comprising 975.30 g and an identification rate of 97.26%. A total of 447 animal bone fragments were identified, including 204 bone pieces of S. scrofa (468.00 g, 47.99%), 102 bone pieces of Cervidae sp. (453.79 g, 46.53%), 68 bone pieces of R. nigromaculata (4.69 g, 0.48%), 59 bone pieces of N. procyonides (47.14 g, 4.83%), 9 bone pieces of Phasianidae (0.98 g, 0.10%), and 5 bone pieces of Rattus norvegicus caraco (0.70 g, 0.07%). The bone pieces of the animal relics consisted of 81 skull (18.12%), 161 axial skeleton (36.02%), 64 forelimb (14.32%), and 141 hindlimb (31.54%) fragments. The archaeological significance of the animal bones excavated in this investigation was that wild boars and deer were presumed to have been mainly used animals in the Gasan-ri area of Jinju during the Three Kingdoms period.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

The extensive archaeological remains at the Baekje Kingdom site of Wanggung-ri, Iksan, in the South Jeolla Province, Korea, include a seventh century workshop area that was later covered by the construction of a Buddhist temple. Remains of glass, gold, and bronze artefacts, and the ceramic crucibles used in the working of these materials, provide evidence for a multi-craft, high-temperature technology. We will report the results of both chemical compositional and lead isotope analyses for Wanggung-ri glass, which is among the earliest lead-silica glass type in East Asia, as well as review the evidence for primary glass production at Wanggung-ri.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-116
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• 2021

India has had a rich and diverse textile tradition since the 3rd millennium BCE. The origin of Indian textiles can be traced back to the Harappan period. Owing to the hot and humid climate in most parts of India, cotton has remained India's favourite choice of fabric for normal use. Thus, India is supposed to be the first nation to have grown, woven, and patterned cotton fabrics. Moreover, India is one of the leading cotton-growing countries in the world. The earliest occurrence of cotton thread in India is roughly datable to 4000 BCE and of dyed fabrics to about 2500 BCE. Large numbers of needles and spindle-whorls found in Harappa and other early historic sites in India reveal the prosperous state of textile production and its trade in the early period. The textile producers used a wide range of skills to process raw materials and make regionally idiosyncratic dyes, weaves, prints, and embroideries. Additionally, the silk from wild indigenous forms of silkworms was known in the Indian sub-continent roughly contemporary with the earliest clear archaeological evidence for silk in China. The analysis of thread fragments found inside a copper bangle and ornament from Harappa and steatite beads from Chanhu-daro, have yielded silk fibers dating to 2500-2000 BCE. Apart from other products, cotton and silk textiles were important export materials from India right from the Harappan period. Actually, the sea-borne trade had played an important role in the economic growth and prosperity of the Harappan civilization. Several ancient seaports in the entire coastline of India played a vital role in the maritime trade during the Harappan period and cotton and silk textiles of Indian origin have been found in various countries. The contemporary writings and epigraphy have also attested to the vast maritime trade network of India and the export of textile materials. The paper discusses in detail the origin and development of cotton and silk textile production in India through the ages and its role in maritime trade networks.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제24권
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• pp.37-54
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 해남 흑천리 마등 4호 토광묘에서 출토된 청동주화 화천(貨泉)을 보존처리하고 과학적으로 조사한 결과를 고고학적으로 해석하였다.'화천'은 중국 왕망대(王莽代)에 만들어진 동전으로 우리나라의 삼한시대에 사용되었던 화폐이다. 해남 흑천리 마등 유적에서는 조사결과 총 13점이 중첩되어 출토되었는데, 크게 세 묶음으로 구분된다. 이중 B 묶음의 한 점만 육안으로 화천이라는 글자가 확인되며, 나머지는 전혀 글자가 확인되지 않는다. 보존처리 방법은 우선 동전 표면 위에 고착된 이물질을 제거하고 취약한 재질을 강화한 후 접합하였다. 다음으로 동전의 정확한 개수와 표면 상태를 확인하기 위해 Nano CT 촬영을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 13점 중 12점에 화천이라는 명문이 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이번 흑천리 출토품 외에 광주 복룡동 무덤에서 다량의 화천이 출토되는 사례로 보아 당시 이 지역에서 화폐경제가 이루어졌을 가능성에 대한 검토가 필요하다.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2004년도 제20회 발표논문집
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• pp.131-134
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• 2004

A lot of foreign objects(ceramics, pottery, bronze, glassware and coins, etc.) have been found in the archaeological sites in Korea. These foreign objects are the evidences of the cultural exchanges of that time, whose scale and routes are an important part of the studies in ancient history. So it is crucial to accumulate basic reference information such as the raw materials and the production method of these objects through scientific researches, along with archeological researches. These scientific research materials provide a basis for finding the importing route and the origin of these objects. Besides, we can find out extraordinary and distinctive production technique by comparison with tile domestic objects. This article reports the result of an analysis, performing on 36 samples of the glassware fragments excavated from the South Tomb of the Hwangnamdaechong, to verify their components and note peculiar features. We have analyzed the major and minor components of 10 elements, and then by using these data examined the differences in the composition of components, varying with the origin and color of glassware. We used the PCA(principal component analysis) as the statistical method to classify the sample in order to find out how the samples formed groups.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

The Kunang cave paleolithic site is located at Tanyang [$N37^{\circ}2'$, $128^{\circ}21'E$], Chungbuk Province, which is in the Central part of the Korean peninsula. The cave is developed at 312 amsl in a karstic mountainous area. The South Han River flows across this region and other caves can also be found near the river. The site was discovered in 1986 and excavated 3 times by the Chungbuk National University Museum until now. The cave was wellpreserved from modem human activities until the first discovery. The full length of the cave is estimated to be ca. 140 m. However, a spacious part up to 11 m from the entrance has been excavated. Eight lithological units are divided over the vertical profile at a depth of 5 m. Each unit is deposited in ascending order as follow: mud layer (Unit 9), lower complex (Unit 8) which is composed of angular blocks and fragments with a muddy matrix, lower travertine layer (Unit 7； flowstone), middle complex (Unit 6; cultural layer) which is composed of fragments with a muddy matrix, middle travertine layer (Unit 5； flowstone), yellowish muddy layer (Unit 4), upper complex (Unit 3； cultural layer) which has a similar composition to Unit 8. the upper travertine layer (Unit 2； flowstone), and finally surface soil layer (Unit 1). The most abundant vestiges in the cultural layers are the animal bones. They are small fractured pieces and mostly less than 3 cm in length. About 3,800 bone pieces from 25 animal species have been collected so far, 90 percent of them belonging to young deers. Previous archaeological study of these bone pieces shows thatprehistoric people occupied the cavenot for permanent dwelling but for temporary shelter during their seasonal hunting activity. More extensive studies of these bones together with pollen analysis are in progress to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of this cave. Only a single date (12,500 BP) obtained from a U-Th measurement of the upper travertine layer was previously available. In spite of the importance of the cave stratigraphy, there was no detail chronological investigation to establish the depositional process of the cultural layers and to understand the periodic structure of the cave strata, alternating travertine floor and complex layers. We have measured five 14C age dating (38900+/-1000, 36400+/-900, 40600+/-1600, more than 51000 and 52000 14C BP) using Seoul National University 14C AMS facility, conducted systematic process of the collagen extraction from bone fragments samples. From the result, we estimate that sedimentation rate of the cave earth is constant, and that the travertine layers, Unit 2 and Unit 3, was formed during MIS 5a(ca. 80 kBP) and MIS 5c (ca. 100 kBP) respectively. The Kunang Cave site is located at Yochonli of the region of Danyang in the mid-eastern part of Korea. This region is compased of limestones in which many caves were found and the Nam-han river flows meanderingly. The excavations were carried out three times in 1986, 1988, and 1998.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

고례리 유적지는 단장천의 상류 산간계곡에 위치하여 있으며, 주변 지질은 백악기에서 고제3기에 걸치는 흑운모화강암(KbGr), 산성암맥류(Kad), 밀양안산암(Kma), 정각산층(Kch) 및 이에 협재하는 산성 응회암, 산성응회암과 라필리 응회암(Kcht) 등으로 구성된다. 이들 암석 중에서 밀양안산암과 정각산층이 부지 일대에 널리 분포하는 기반암이며, 후자는 주로 저색응회질 셰일, 사암, 역암 등으로 구성된다. 본 연구의 목적은 고례리 부지 일대의 토양-퇴적물과 주변 기반암인 안산암, 산성응회암, 라필리 응회암으로부터 이들의 희토류 원소 특성과 화산 유리물질을 동정하여 토양-퇴적물이 이들 기원암으로부터 유래할 수 있는지 규명하는 것이다. REE분석결과, 토양-퇴적물의 희토류 원소 분포특성은 주변기반암의 그것과 동일한 것으로 분석되었으며, 이것은 고례리 유적지내의 토양-퇴적물이 주로 주변 안산암과 라필리응회암, 산성응회암으로부터 유래하는 것을 지시한다. 한편, 본 유적지의 토양-퇴적물 PMU-13과 PMU-17 속에서, 그리고 라필리 응회암의 풍화대내에서 화산 유리물질이 발견되었다. 이들을 일본의 AT-테프라와 비교해 보면, AT-테프라는 표면이 깨끗하고, 평탄형이거나 버블형을 가지며, Y자형 이 우세한 것으로 나타나는데 반하여, 고례리의 화산 유리물질은 입자크기가 크고 다양하며, 탈유리화가 많이 진행되었으며, 유리 표면은 풍화가 많이 진행된 특징을 나타내고 있다. 상기 연구결과는 기존 일본학자들에 의한 일련의 AT-테프라 연구결과와는 상충된다. 요컨데 고례리 유적지의 유리물질은 주변 응회암으로부터 기계적으로 분리된 후, 토양-퇴적물 속으로 유입되었으며, 일본의 AT-테프라와는 크기, 형태 및 탈유리화 특성상 다른 것으로 판단된다. 유리물질의 외형적인 조직 연구에 추가하여 마그마 성인에 관한 심층연구가 후속되어야 한다. yrs BP (유공충) 5,322$\pm$80 yrs BP(유공충) 4,419$\pm$50 yrs BP (나뭇조각) 및 978$\pm$50 yrs BP(조개) 이다. 이 코아의 하부 즉코아길이 250cm에서 414cm 까지는 담수환경 또 담수환경에 매우 근사한 환경으로 해석되어진다, 이 코아간격에서의 탄소연대측정값은 7,539$\pm$60 yrs BP이며 이때 해수가 처음 이 지점에 이르지 않았나 본다, 그이후 6,172$\pm$18 yrs BP에는 급격한 해 수면상승이 있었던 것으로 사료된다,있었다. 자갈의 형태를 입도별로 삼각도표에 나타낸 결과 입도가 작을수록 둥글거나 편장된 (elongate) 형태로의 방향성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 사실로 미루어 볼 때, 자갈의 형태는 일차적으로 모암의 암석성분에 의해 결정되나 운반된 이후에는 파랑의 작용을 끊임없이 받으면서 분급작용과 자갈의 크기에 따른 형태적 진화과정을 겪는 것으로 사료된다. 및 Seebeck 계수 측정을 위하여 각각 2$\times$2$\times$10$mm^3$ 그리고 5$\times$5$\times$10TEX>$mm^3$ 크기의 시편을 준비하였다.준비하였다.전류를 구성하는 주요 입자의 에너지 영역(75~l13keV)에서 가장 높은(0.80) 상관계수를 기록했다. 넷째, 회복기 중에 일어나는 입자들의 유입은 자기폭풍의 지속시간을 연장시키는 경향을 보이며 큰 자기폭풍일수록 현저했다. 주상에서 관측된 이러한 특성은 서브스톰 확장기 활동이 자기폭풍의 발달과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사한다.se that were all low in two aspects,

• 분석과학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2011

호박유물의 적절한 보존방안 마련에 필요한 호박의 화학적 분광학적 특성을 Infrared (IR) 분석과 pyrolysis/GC/MS (py/GC/MS) 분석을 통해 조사하였다. 호박 시료는 Baltic, Chiapas, Colombian, Dominican, Fushun, Madagascar 호박 등 6개의 산지에서 총 14종을 확보하였다. 시료의 비파괴적 조사를 위해 IR 분석을 실시하였고, 고분자 구성 성분 조사를 위해 py/GC/MS를 $300^{\circ}C$ 열분해 온도에서 온라인 trimethylsilylation을 통하여 분석하였다. IR 분석에서는 대체적으로 산지에 관계없이 유사한 스펙트럼을 보였으나, 지문영역에서는 Baltic 호박의 경우 Baltic shoulder에 해당하는 $1250cm^{-1}{\sim}1150cm^{-1}$에서 흡수가 나타나는 등 각각의 산지별로 구분이 가능한 차별화된 IR 스펙트럼이 관찰되었다. py/GC/MS 분석에서는 succinic acid, pimaric acid 등 호박의 구성성분으로 알려진 물질들이 검출되었고, Baltic, Chiapas, Fushun 호박의 경우 산지 구분이 가능한 특정성분이 검출되었다. 이러한 결과는 발견 및 발굴 유물에서 호박을 확인하거나, 산지 및 제작기술 추정 등 고고과학적인 해석의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.