• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.732-746
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the differences in psychosocial factors and eating behaviors by the stages of change (SOC) in nutrition management among elementary and middle school athletes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were young athletes recruited from the athletic clubs of 10 organizations. Subjects responded to a survey questionnaire, and data on 167 athletes were analyzed. Subjects were grouped into the pre-action or action stage in nutrition management. The χ² test, t-test, analysis of covariance, and correlation analysis were used in data analysis. RESULTS: Athletes in the action stage (62.3%) compared to the pre-action stage, showed a higher self-efficacy (P < 0.01), and felt more confidence in performing specific eating behaviors (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Those in the action stage had more favorable beliefs regarding nutrition (P < 0.001) and agreed less strongly on the specific misconceptions/disadvantages of nutrition (P < 0.01) than those in the pre-action stage. Eating behaviors (P < 0.001) and subscales of the eating behaviors (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) also differed significantly by the SOC group. Place of eating dinner (P < 0.05) and the person who prepares dinner (P < 0.05) showed significant differences by the SOC group. The relationship of self-efficacy, beliefs regarding nutrition, and eating behaviors to the SOC differed by sports type. Beliefs for football athletes, self-efficacy, and beliefs for baseball athletes were correlated significantly with the SOC, whereas all 3 variables were related to the SOC for handball and other athletes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed differences in psychosocial factors and eating behaviors between the pre-action and action stages. Nutrition education should include strategies to help young athletes modify their beliefs, mainly misconceptions/disadvantages of nutrition, increase self-efficacy, and adopt specific and desirable eating behaviors. Nutrition education might employ different strategies considering the sports type that student-athletes participate.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1055-1064
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• 2012

This research was to count and quantify relative importance through analytic hierarchy process on checkups items in order to solve the questions raised by uniformalized numbering in the established athletes self management test. This study has the following results. The relative importance in priority factors of the test is in following order of training management, mental care, body care and interpersonal management. It was also confirmed that relative importance varied according to every checkup item in the lower factors. Consequently, the new result from this study, as an initial research for the relative importance of athletes self management test, supplied the possibility in which the sports-field expert's opinion was reflected. It was expected that this study would be helpful for enhancing athletes' competence in the sports field.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.397-405
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on self-management and sports coping of student athletes. The data was collected from 446 student athletes in Seoul and Incheon who were registered in Korean Olympic Committee before they participated the 2010 National Athletic Meet. Athlete Self-Management Questionnaires and Athlete's Sports Coping Scale Questionnaires as The investigation tools were used for the data collection. The data, which was collected by using SPSS 17.0, was analysed with t-test, factor analysis and multi-regression. The results of this study were as follows. First, there was a difference of the class over self-management and sports coping. Second, a difference in sports career existed between self-management and sports coping. Third, self-management affected sports coping of student athletes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.678-686
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and psychological functioning by sex, weight and age in Judo athletes. The 124 participants; high school students, college students, and team players. They used physical tests to measure physical examinations by self-describing Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score test, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score test, and Oswestry Disability Index, and psychological tests such as Profile of Mood Test, Athletes' Self-Management Questionnaire, and The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28, to examine the effects of physical and psychological functions of sports athletes. The physical tests of sex showed differences in knee and back, psychological tests of sex showed differences in mood state, self-management, and athletic coping skills. As a result of physical examination by weight, there was a difference in knee pain and sports items, psychological tests showed that there was a significant difference in mood state except for vitality. Physical examination by age showed differences in knee, ankle, and back. As a result of age-based psychological test, mood state test showed difference in all items except tension and vitality. There was a significant difference only in the items of physical management in self-management test. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basic data for sports injury training and medical technology development by sex, weight and age of Judo athletes.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.251-260
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to change of Psychological skills strategy and Self-management behavior according to the level of Resourcefulness of collegiate fencing-athletes. Methods: This study was a single case for 12-week intervention. and it took about 60-90 minutes, once a week. Participants were 154 Student athletes and 20 fencing-athletes. The effect of this study was utilized a questionnaire. To analyze the responses of research, the paired t-test were used for finding the significances of mean differences(p<.05). After 12 week education session the results are as follows: Firstly, high group of Resourcefulness showed greater increase in Attention and Image. low group of Resourcefulness showed greater increase in Will power, Goal Setting, Confidence, Attention, Image. Secondly, high group of Resourcefulness showed greater increase in Physical management. low group of Resourcefulness showed greater increase in Training management. fencing-athletes were significantly increased of capacity for Performance and self-management according to the level of Resourcefulness, after 12-weeks. This study suggested useful information about sport psychological skills training and intervention of fencing-athletes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.349-358
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• 2017

In this study, 109 athletes participating in the national fencing Epee competitions in 2017 were sampled. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of achievement goal orientation and self - management on psychological skills of fencing Epee athletes. The research tools used to achieve these research objectives are psychological techniques developed by Kim, Byung - joon (2001), a sports achievement goal orientation test paper, and an athlete self - management questionnaire developed by Huh Jung - hoon (2001) I used the questionnaires. The results obtained were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 program, test validity and reliability test, frequency analysis, Pearson 's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. First, task orientation and interpersonal management, mental management, self - orientation and training management, interpersonal management, mental management, team harmony, body management and anxiety control, mental management and team harmony have significant correlations. The relationship between goal orientation, self - management, and psychological skills was found to be correlated. Second, to analyze the effect of achievement goal orientation and self-management on psychological skills, multiple regression analysis showed that there was no statistically significant effect but the subordinate had a partial effect.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2022

This study was conducted to find out whether excellent and non-excellent players could be distinguished by the achievement goal orientation(task-orientation, ego-orientation) test and the self-management(physical, interpersonal, training, mental management) test targeting youth soccer players. The subject of this study were 299 players(144 middle school students, 155 high school students) including 131 representative players by age and 168 general players who registered with the Korea Football Association. The questionnaires for data collection include the Task & Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire(TEOSQ) developed by Duda and Nicholls(1989) and the athlete self-management questionnaire(ASMQ) developed by Heo Jeong-hoon(2003) was used. For data analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and discriminant analysis were performed using SPSS 23 version. As a result of analyzing the data, task orientation and ego orientation, which are sub-factors of achievement goal orientation, were both confirmed as tests that did not discriminate between excellent and non-excellent players. On the other hand, the self-management test was confirmed as a test that can discriminate between excellent and non-excellent players in body management, training management, and mental management excluding interpersonal management among the sub-factors of self-managemnet. In particular, among self-management, mental management was identified as the most important factor in discriminating between excellent and non-excellent athletes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5104-5113
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• 2012

To study the influence of leadership types on achievement goal orientation of high school athletes, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) were used to two-hundred-ninety athletes in Physical Education High Schools. The data from the survey were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 and the results of the analysis were as in the following. First, there were meaningful differences in the leadership factors according to the demographic characteristics. Male athletes tended to be more conscious of the individualized consideration(transformation leadership), contingent reward, management by exception(transactional leadership) of the leadership factors. Second, there were differences in athletes' achievement goal orientation. Comparing to the female athletes, male athletes gave more importance on the task goal orientation. Third, there were differences in the leader's leadership types on the athlete's achievement goal orientation. The athletes with self goal orientation and the individualized consideration (transformational leadership) of leadership types showed statistically meaningful differences. The athletes with high self goal orientation had a negative relationship to the individualized consideration and a positive relationship to the intellectual stimulation. The athletes with task goal orientation showed differences in the transactional leadership as well as in the contingent reward.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means "improving ourselves by learning from others', therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. The goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclists participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. One was dominant cyclist (years: 21 yrs, height: 177 cm, mass: 70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist (years: 21, height: 176, mass: 70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al (1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that was devised by Martens et. al (1990) and athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV of ankle joint angle was higher than non-dominant's CV and dominant's pedaling pattern was consistent in biomechanics domain, which the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.15-24
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• 2009

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means " improving ourselves by learning from others ", therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. the goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclist participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. one was dominant cyclist (years:21 yrs, height:177 cm, mass:70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist(years:21, height:176, mass:70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al ( 1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that were devised by Martens et. al (1990) and with athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV(coefficient of variability) was higher than non-dominant's CV in Sports Biomechanics domain, that the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.