• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to investigate influence of body build on body composition, energy metabolic state and insulin concentration of blood. 29 male athletes and 36 male non-athletic students were recruited for the study. Anthropometry including chest depth and breadth, fat mass, fat fee mass, tricep skinfold thickness were measured. fasting glucose, lactate, triglyceride, fee fatty acid, and insulin concentration in serum were measured . Body build was assessed using metric index, which calculated by regression equations of Mohr and Greil. The athletic and non-athletic students were allocated to 3 body build, that is leptomorph, mesomorph, and pyknomorph. Resting metabolic rate was calculated. Respiratory quotient was determined through ratio of measured VO$_2$, and V$CO_2$. Most non-athletes have a leptomorphic body build, in contrast to athletes mesomorphic type. The body build type influenced body composition differently between non-athletic group and athletic group. Weight, body mass index, body fat mass and fat mass proportion (%), and fat-free mass increased from leptomorph to pyknormorph in non-athletic group. Pyknormorphic athletes have a significant higher body mass index, fat mass, fat free mass than other body build type. Serum glucose, triglyceride, lactate, insulin showed significant differences only in non-athletic group between leptomorph and mesomorph. RMR increased significantly from leptomorph to mesomorph in non-athletes. There was no significant difference of RQ among 3 body build types in both athletes and non-athletes. This study gives a coherent data on body build and body composition for athletes and non-athletes students. The influence of body builds on energy metabolic status of serum was different between athletes and non-athletes.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2021

본 연구는 볼링 지도자의 리더십 행동유형에 따른 고등부 볼링선수들의 성취목표성향과 운동소진에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 고등부 볼링선수 172명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 기술통계, 신뢰도분석, 독립 t-test, 1-way ANOVA, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 리더십행동(권위적, 민주적, 사회적지지, 긍정적 피드백)에서 여자선수보다 남자선수가 더 높게 인식하고 있었으며, 자기목표성향에서 여자선수보다 남자선수가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 운동소진은 여자선수가 더 많이 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 학년이 높을수록 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적지지 행동과 훈련지시행동이 성취목표성향에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 권위적행동이 운동소진에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 훈련지시행동은 운동소진 하위요인 중 무가치감에 부적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 지도자는 사회적지지 및 훈련지시 리더십행동으로 선수의 성취목표를 높이고 운동소진을 낮춰 훈련집중을 통한 경기력 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.366-376
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• 2010

본 연구는 초등학교 여교사의 스포츠활동 참여 여부에 따른 체육수업의 차이를 분석하기 위한 것으로 스포츠활동 참여유무, 참여유형, 참여정도(빈도, 강도, 기간)에 따른 체육수업의 차이를 분석하였다. 연구대상으로는 인천광역시 소재 초등학교 교사 중에서 여교사 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 분석방법은 t-검정, 일원변량 분산분석을 사용하였다. 분석결과 스포츠활동에 참여하는 여교사는 비참여 교사에 비해 체육수업 인식 및 체육 교수활동에서 높게 나타났고 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 있었다. 스포츠 참여 여교사 중에서 스포츠 참여 유형에 따른 체육수업은 간접적 대결 활동군이 수행기록 활동군과 심미적 활동군에 비해 체육 교수활동에서 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 스포츠 참여정도에 따른 체육수업은 참여빈도에서 주 2회 이상 참여한 여교사가 주 1회 이하로 참여한 여교사보다 체육교수활동에서 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로도 유의한 결과가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 초등학교 여교사의 스포츠활동 참여가 체육수업에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 하겠다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.397-405
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• 1999

For proper communication among manufacturers in many countries and for consumer's convenience in purchasing garments imported from foreign countries, the ISO revised the size designation system in 1969. Since 1970's many countries have revised their standard sizing system by adopting the ISO system. The purpose of this study is to satisfy domestic consumer's needs by developing a sizing system based on that of ISO for Korean men in their twenties, and to contribute to entering the international fashion market by manufacturing high quality apparel products. The results were as follows: By measuring and analyzing of men in their twenties, average height is 172 cm, average chest girth is 92.8 em, average hip girth is 93.4cm and average drop is 15.8. According to the result to analyzing body type of this study, athletic type(drop 18) is 47.8%, regular type (drop 12) is 37.3%, the 2 types covers 85%.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2012

이번 리뷰는 엘리트 선수들의 경기력 향상을 위해 사용되고 있는 운동영양 보조물 이용 현황을 탐색하고 도핑교육, 종목특성, 경기력, 성별, 연령 등에 따른 운동 영양보조물 이용 차이의 이유를 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 선행 리뷰연구들에서는 선수들이 이용하고 있는 운동영양 보조물항목의 생화학적 특성 및 기능, 이용 빈도를 중심으로 논의되어 왔으며 운동영양 보조물을 "왜 선수들이 이용하고 있는지" 관련한 논의는 부족하였다. 선수들의 반 도핑교육은 운동영양 보조물 이용 시 전문지식 함량증가로 인해 이용 빈도를 증가시키며, 미량의 영양소가 경기결과에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지는 못하지만 장기간 이용으로 인해 인체에 긍정적인 효과를 이끌어 경기력에 잠재적 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측된다. 더욱이 성별과 연령에 따른 차이는 종목특성에 기인되며, 섭취목적에 따른 이용항목을 고려해볼 때 경기력보다는 건강 및 컨디션 유지로 인한 섭취가 원인으로 생각된다. 대부분의 선수들은 단일 항목을 단기간 섭취하기 보다는 2가지 이상 항목을 장기간 섭취하고 있으나 효과와 관련한 과학적인 근거가 부족하여 이를 위한 실험적 연구접근이 요구된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Objective: The human body is often modelled as a spring-mass system. Lower extremity stiffness has been considered to be one of key factor in the performance enhancement of running, jumping, and hopping involved sports activities. There are several different classification of lower extremity stiffness consisting of vertical stiffness, leg stiffness, joint stiffness, as well as muscle and tendon stiffness. The primary purpose of this paper was to review the literature and describe different stiffness models and discuss applications of stiffness models while engaging in sports activities. In addition, this paper provided a current update of the lower extremity literature as it investigates the relationships between lower extremity stiffness and both functional performance and injury. Summary: Because various methods for measuring lower extremity stiffness are existing, measurements should always be accompanied by a detailed description including type of stiffness, testing method and calculation method. Moreover, investigator should be cautious when comparing lower extremity stiffness from different methods. Some evidence highlights that optimal degree of lower extremity stiffness is required for successful athletic performance. However, the actual magnitude of stiffness required to optimize performance is relatively unexplored. Direct relationship between lower extremity stiffness and lower extremity injuries has not clearly been established yet. Overall, high stiffness is potentially associate risk factors of lower extremity injuries although some of the evidence is controversial. Prospective injures studies are necessary to confirm this relationship. Moreover, further biomechanical and physiological investigation is needed to identify the optimal regulation of the lower limb stiffness behavior and its impact on athletic performance and lower limb injuries.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.602-609
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• 2015

The aim of this document is to evaluate the effect of bite balance on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of occlusal appliance including mouthguards on physical performances. We all remember that day when the prominent athlete was in the news wearing a mouthguard to improve human athletic performance. I once had investigated the determinants of athletic performance in all sorts of sports. Most of the studies had overinterpretation of results and lack of evidence to support the information. However, I discovered great expectations for new possibility in this field and settled for a more academic approach to this intriguing subject. The followings are some examples of the subject 1. Archers who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 2~3mm increased their ability to focus and to maintain good sense of balance. Their accuracy rate has been improved. The appliance was made of acrylic resin (a type of plastic). 2. Canoe players who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 5mm surpassed longtime competitor and won the race with 10 seconds gap. 3. A cycle rider who wore an occlusal appliance to treat his malocclusion surpassed his old record from 10.8 seconds to 10.3 seconds. His muscle reflexes (anaerobic exercise) and endurance (aerobic exercise) has been enhanced. 4. Occlusal appliances had a good effect on athletic performance in most sports such as swimming, diving, and weightlifting. As for the clenching on dentition, people clench their teeth when they push their physical and mental limits during sports activities. Clenching can be induced by physical exertion when maximum muscle strength is retained and this is similarly found in different types of exercises. In addition, restraint of respiratory function is observed. Therefore, creating a occlusal balance with occlusal appliance or mouthguard promoted a favorable influence when an athlete clenches.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-30
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• 2001

Oriental medicine needs to be armed with theories on health-improvement concept under it and basic data matching its views, in order to participate in the health-improvement service in industrial work places. The Orient medicine health-improvement program defines factors that determine individuals' lifestyle, and provides information and technologies for workers to practice in life. To that end, this research compares and analyzes health-improvement concept and health care, defines relations between individuals' health state and their lifestyle as the basic data needed to perform health-improvement business for workers. 1. The subjects employed for this research is categorized into; by gender, males 52.1% and females 47.9% with no big difference between them; and by age, 20s, 6.1%, 30s. 33.9%, 40s, 34.1%, and 50s, 24.8% with 30-50 accounting for most of it. By marriage status, unmarried represents 7.1%, and married 79.1% with most of them married; by revenue, under one million won represents 3.0%, 1-2 million won 26.4%, 2-2.49 million won 11.2%, above 2.5 million won 11.2%, and 1-2.5 million won a majority. By living location, owned houses represents 65.4%, rented houses 14.7%, monthly-rented 9.5%; and by education, elementary and middle school represent 16.9%, high school and its dropouts 22.6%, and junior college and higher 51.6%, with high school and higher occupying most of the group. 2. By job, office workers and managerial workers represent 12.3%, part-timers 21.0%, manual workers 11.4%, jobless 0.6%, professionals 35.6%, service 0.6%, housewives 8.4%, and equipment/machinery operation/assemblers 10.1%. Of this, jobless and part-timers, totaling three, are dropped from this research. By years worked, 0-3.9 years represents 9.7%, 4-7.9 years 6.7%, 8-14.9 years 18.4%, above 15 years 28.7%, and no respondents 36.5%. 3. The degree of the subjects practicing life-improvement lifestyle, on a scale of 1 to 4, is an average of 2.69, personal relations 3.04, self-realization 2.92, stress management 2.76, nutritional state 2.73, responsibility for health 2.47, and athletic activities 2.18, with personal relations earning the highest points and athletic activities the lowest. As for factors influencing health-improvement lifestyle, there is no significant difference between gender, age, and marriage status. Meanwhile, there is significant difference between revenue, dwelling pattern, education level, etc. That is, higher income-bracket, owned houses, rented houses, monthly-rented houses, and higher-educated, in this order, show higher average in health-enhancement lifestyle. By job, housewives, manual workers, office workers, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, and part-timers, in this order show higher points, while there is no difference with significance by years worked. 4. Factors that affect health-improvement lifestyle are shown below. Self-realization is influenced by age, marriage status, type of dwellings, and level of education; responsibility for health by type of dwellings; athletic activities by gender and age; nutrition by age, marriage status and type of dwellings; personal relations by marriage status; and stress management by type of dwellings. 5. Areas with high points by job show this: in self-realization, office workers, manual workers, housewives, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, in this order, show difference with significance; in the area of responsibility for health, manual workers, housewives, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, professionals, office workers and part-timers, in this order, do. In athletic activities, manual workers, housewives, office workers, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, and part-timers, in this order, show difference with significance; in nutrition, housewives, office workers, manual workers, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, and part-timers, in this order do; and in stress, housewives, office workers, manual workers, professionals, equipment/ machinery operation/ assemblers, part-timers, in this order do. By years worked, more years showed higher points in the area of responsibility for health and nutrition; in the area of athletic activities, above 15 years, 4-8 years, below 4 years and 8-14 years, in this order, show higher points; and no difference shows in realization, personal relation, and stress area. 6. To look at correlation between overall and divisional health-improvement practice degree, this researcher has analyzed it using Person's correlation coefficient. Self-realization, responsibility for health, athletic activities, nutrition, support for personal relations, and stress management show significant correlation with the sub-divisions, while all health-improvement lifestyle shows significant correlation with the six sub-divisions.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1985

There are a large number or chemical compounds that are present in a polluted atmosphere and that alone or in combination are important to consider for their potential effect on the respiratory system and impact on athletic performance. A general categorization or description of the level of pollution in terms of the concentration of one or more compounds or by type such as oxidizing compounds is inadequate and misleading. A useful initial categorization of pollutant compounds according to their mechanism of production, primary or secondary, is often made. For health effects, consideraiions of the physical state, gaseous or particulate, and the solublity and reactivity of the pollutant is also important. Pollutant compounds or substances that are emitted directly from a source and that undergo little or no chemical change in the atmosphere from source to receptor are termed primary pollutants.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2023

본 연구는 퍼스널트레이너-고객 간의 라포형성이 운동성과에 미치는 영향관계를 커뮤니케이션 스타일을 중심으로 인과 관계(SEM)를 밝히고자 하였다. 이에 2022년 10월 1일부터 4월 28일까지 표본계획에 의해 PT고객 187명을 대상으로 모바일 프로그램 '서베이몽키'를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 도출 하였다. 첫째, 커뮤니케이션 스타일은 라포형성에 영향(+)을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 커뮤니케이션 스타일은 운동성과에 부분적으로 영향(+)을 미치며, 통제형은 영향관계가 성립되지 않았다. 셋째, 라포형성이 운동성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 PT는 일반적인 서비스가 아닌 인적 서비스이기에 그 중요성이 더욱히 강조되어야 될 것이다. 또한, 치열한 PT시장에서 우위를 점하는 것은 바로 고객이 반응할 수 있는 표현방식 언어적 측면과 비언어적 측면을 적절하게 반영된다면 운동성과와 경영성과 둘 동시 영향을 줄 것으로 판단된다.