• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

An automatic titration system using a PC-camera with a color filter on its lens was used in the $KMnO_4$ consumption test of tap water and distilled water in relation to blank tests. The very faint pink color of titration end point could be effectively detected by using a yellow cellophane paper as a color filter. The average hue value (Havg) of 192 pixels in the image of the sample solution being titrated was computed and followed up at regular time intervals during titration in order to detect the titration end point. The Havg decrease of 2 degrees from the average of first 10 Havgs was regarded as reaching the end point. The volume of 0.01N $KMnO_4$ consumed by a tap water sample was $0.728{\pm}0.022ml$ in manual titration and $0.735{\pm}0.013ml$ in automatic titration (p=0.580). The volume of 0.01N $KMnO_4$ consumed by a distilled water sample was $0.383{\pm}0.015ml$ in manual titration and $0.367{\pm}0.015ml$ in automatic titration (p=0.252). The high p-values for t-test suggested that there were good agreements between manual and automatic titration data and the automatic method proposed in this article was considered to effectively replace the manual titration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.135-137
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• 2005

A PC-based automatic system was developed for automatic titration in volatile basic nitrogen analysis by the microdiffusion method. The system used a CCD-type PC camera for the automatic detection of the titration end point. The camera checked whether the green value of a pixel on the red image of titrated solution became greater than the red value. The data from the automatic titration using the system were not significantly different (p>0.05) from those taken by manual titration. The agreement between means of data from manual titration and those from automatic titration was good.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1583-1588
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• 2007

PC-camera based automatic titration was executed in the acidity analyses of vinegar, milk and Takju. The average hue value (Havg) of 144 pixels in the image of the sample solution being titrated was computed and followed up at regular time intervals during titration in order to detect the titration end point. The Havg increase of 5 degrees from the first Havg was regarded as reaching at the end point in the cases of vinegar and milk. The Havg increase set up to detect the end point was 70 degrees in the case of Takju. In the case of vinegar, the volume of added titrant (0.1 N NaOH) was $21.409{\pm}0.066mL$ in manual titration and $21.403{\pm}0.055mL$ in automatic titration (p=0.841). In the case of milk, it was $1.390{\pm}0.025mL$ in manual titration and $1.388{\pm}0.027mL$ in automatic titration (p=0.907). In the case of Takju, it was $4.738{\pm}0.028mL$ in manual titration and $4.752{\pm}0.037mL$ in automatic titration (p=0.518). The high p values suggested that there were good agreements between manual and automatic titration data in all three food samples. The automatic method proposed in this article was considered to be applicable not only to acidity titrations but also to most titrations in which the end points can be detected by color change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.507-509
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• 2006

An automatic titration was performed by a home-made automatic control system adopting a micro pH electrode as its sensing part in microdiffusion-based volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) analysis. The micro electrode was considered to be adequate for automatic VBN analysis because of its small sensor size, low immersion depth and unbreakable body. Six pork samples in different degree of freshness were analyzed both manually and automatically. The data from automatic titration were not significantly different from those taken by manual titration even at 15% significance level. The correlation coefficient was 1.000.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 1994

Caustic Soda Treatment Systems need a concentration measurement device in order to monitor the weight reduction amount of polyester fabrics. Since the reduction process requires several concentration measurements, we have to do the unit titration fast and exactly. Therefore, a proposition of estimation algorithm for finding the equivalent point in the titration process is needed. In this paper, we used the cardinal spline algorithm, to estimate the proper curve with the measured pH-values after each injection of titration sdution, to predict the equivalent point. While the processing time is elapsed, several equivalent points are estimated and drawed the line graph of fabrics weight reduction automatically. Finally, we designed the hardware and the software of an automatic titration system that can generate the reduction ending signal of Caustic Soda Treatment System.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.513-519
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• 2001

An optical semi-automatic titrator was constructed employing the technique of the reflectance spectrometry and was tested for the determination of the end points of the acid-base, precipitation, and EDTA titrations. And since the current optical semi-automatic titrator built on the principle of the reflectance spectrometry could be successfully used even for the determination of the end point in the precipitation titration where the solid particles are formed during the titration process, it was found to be feasible that a completely automated optical titrator would be designed and built based on the current findings.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.691-698
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• 1995

The complexation of platinum and palladium with synthetic polyelectrolytes was studied. The successive and overall stability constants of Pd(II) with PEI and 2PVP were obtained by potentiometric titration. Because of the slow equilibrium time, the potentiometric titrations were performed using the home-made automatic titrator in order to analyze the complexations according to the modified Bjerrum method. The complex formation constant of Pt(IV) with 2PVP, measured by differential pulse polarography, was calculated from the peak currents that were obtained in non-complexing media and in solution containing 2PVP.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.267-274
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• 2021

Acid-base titration experiments were carried out using the same sample to obtain a direct comparison of analysis results between a new titrator and conventional Spectrator (SPT) titrators. This allowed the confirmation of an endpoint both by spectroscopic detection and by conventional titrators (automatic burette (ABT) and autotitrator (ATT)). Statistical analysis was performed on the measured values (endpoints) obtained using different titrators, to assess their differences by comparison of straightness, equivalence, ANOVA, F-test, and t-test results. The coefficients of determination, confirmed by straightness, were all >0.999. Thus, the null hypothesis that there was no statistical difference could not be rejected. The Bland-Altman analysis method was used to confirm agreement with the new experimental method. No discrepancy was found in the measured values obtained using different titrators used in this study.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.132-136
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• 2019

This study proposes an auto-titrating algorithm for auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP). The process of the proposed algorithm is as follows. First, sleep apnea-hypopnea and snoring events were detected using nasal pressure. Second, APAP base pressure and SDB events were used for automatic titration of optimal pressure. And, auto-titrating algorithm is built into M3 (MEK-ICS CO. Ltd., Republic of Korea) for evaluation. The detection results of SDB showed mean sensitivity (Sen.) and positive predictive value (PPV.) of 85.7% and 87.8%, respectively. The mean pressure and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of auto-titrating algorithm showed $13.0{\pm}5.2cmH_2O$ and $3.0{\pm}2.4$ events/h, respectively. And, paired t-test was conducted to verify whether the performance of our algorithm has no significant difference with AutoSet S9 (p>0.05). These results represent better or comparable outcomes compared to those of previous APAP devices.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2012

In this study, activated carbons (ACs) were modified as electrode materials for an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) by controlling oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups. The morphological and chemical properties of ACs were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, automatic elemental analyzer (EA) and Boehm titration. Also, charge/discharge tests were performed to investigate the EDLC performance. Oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups were introduced on the surface of ACs through acid and urea treatments, respectively. ACs with nitrogen-containing functional groups showed 2 mA increase of gravimetric discharge capacity and quick achievement of maximum charge/discharge performance. However, ACs with oxygen-containing functional groups showed low discharge capacity and its gradual decrease during further cyclic test, since the functional groups interrupted adsorption/desorption of charges in the electrolyte on the surface of ACs.