• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2002

Objective : To study anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect and molecular biological mechanism of honey bee venom for aqua-acupuncture, human mast cell line(HMC-1) and human glioma cell line(HS683) were treated with bee venom. Methods : Cell viability of bee venom was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) asssay. To explore whether anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects of bee venom are associated with the control of gene expression, quantitative RT-PCR analysis of inflammation and pain related genes was performed. Results : The MTT assay demonstrated that cell viability was not decreased by treatment with 10-9 ug/ml bee venom in comparison with 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 10-10 and 10-11 ug/ml. sPLA2 and COX-l were down-regulated by treatment with 10-9 ug/ml bee venom in HS683 Cell line in comparison with control. COX-2 was up-regulated by treatment with 10-9 ug/ml bee venom in HS683 Cell line and HSP-2 was up-regulated by treatment with 10-9 ug/ml bee venom in HMC-1 Cell line in comparison with control. sPLA2, COX-1 and COX-2 showed no significant regulation in HMC-1 Cell line and cPLA2 also showed no significant regulation in both HMC-l and HS683 Cell line between control and bee venom treated group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2018

Purified bee venom was collected from colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) using a bee venom collector under sterile conditions and then purified under strict laboratory conditions. Purified bee venom contained $63.9{\pm}5.4%$ melittin, $10.9{\pm}1.6%$ phospholipase A2, and $2.3{\pm}0.3%$ apamin. Purified bee venom has various anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating effects. In this study, we evaluated purified bee venom which are mammary gland cells, MAC-T cells are used to increase the synthesis of milk protein. Purified bee venom promoted the proliferation of MAC-T cells at concentrations below $1{\mu}g/mL$, but cytotoxicity at $10{\mu}g/mL$ and above. As a result of the increase in the synthesis of ${\beta}-casein$, a milk protein after treatment with MAC-T cells at a concentration of the bee venom without cytotoxicity, the ${\beta}-casein$ content in the cell culture was increased when treated at a concentration of 1 ng/mL or more. In addition, it was confirmed that purified bee venom significantly increased the expression of bovine ${\beta}-casein$ (bCSNB) mRNA, a ${\beta}-casein$ synthesis gene, at a concentration of 1 ng/mL or more. These results suggest that purified bee venom can be used to increase the production of livestock by ultimately increasing the expression of milk protein.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bee Venom on the lipopolysaccharide, sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide induced expression phospholipase $A_2$ and calcium concentration in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. Method : The expression of phospholipase $A_2$ was determined by western blotting with corresponding antibodies, and the generation of intracellular calcium concentration was investigated by delta scan system in RAW 264.7 cells. Results : 1. Compared with control, expressions of lipopolysaccharide-induced phospholipase $A_2$ were decreased significantly by $1\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom and decreased by 0.5, $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom. 2. Compared with control, expressions of sodium nitroprusside-induced phospholipase $A_2$ were decreased significantly by $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom but increased by 0.5, $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom. 3. Compared with control, expressions of hydrogen peroxide-induced phospholipase $A_2$ were decreased significaltly by $1{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom and decreased by $0.5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom but increased by $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom. 4. Compared with control, lipopolysaccharide, sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide- induced intracellular calcium concentrations were decreased by 0.5, 1, $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom and by indomethacin

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bee Venom on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS), sodium nitroprusside(SNP), hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)-induced expressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), p38, jun N-terminal Kinase(JNK) and extra-signal response kinase(ERK) in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. Method : The expressions of COX-2, p38, JNK and ERK were determined by western blotting with corresponding antibodies. Results : 1. The 0.5, 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited significantly LPS and SNP-induced expression of COX-2 compared with control, respectively. The 0.5, 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited insignificantly $H_2O_2$-induced expression of COX-2 compared with control, respectively. 2. The 0.5, 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited significantly LPS, SNP and $H_2O_2$-induced expression of p38 compared with control, respectively. 3. The 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited significantly SNP-induced expression of JNK compared with control, respectively. All of bee venom inhibited insignificantly LPS and $H_2O_2$-induced expression of JNK compared with control, respectively. 4. The $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited significantly SNP-induced expression of ERK, the $0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom increased significantly $H_2O_2$-induced expression of ERK compared with control. The 0.5, 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited insignificantly LPS-induced expression of ERK compared with control, respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effectiveness of bee venom phamacopuncture complex therapy on the sequelae of peripheral facial palsy. Methods : We observed the effectiveness of bee venom pharmacopuncture complex therapy on three patients who have residual symptoms of Bell's palsy although early stage(0 to 3months) elapsed. H-B grade and Yanagiha's total score was used for evaluating the patient. Results : 1. Deviation of the bee venom therapy on the sequelae of peripheral facial palsy, One patient was improved from 19 to 39, another patient was improved from 25 to 40, the third patient was improved from 15 to 26 on Yanagiha's total score. 2. In the bee venom therapy on the sequelae of peripheral facial palsy, compared with baseline, at final, H-B grade and Yanagiha's total score was increased. Conclusions : Bee venom phamacopuncture can be available for relieving residual symptom of bell's palsy after the early stage.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

Objectives This study obserbed the efficiency of Sweet Bee Venom pharmacopuncture on the treatment of 70 Molluscum Contagiosum cases. Methods 70 patients admitted for Molluscum at Love Blossoming Oriental medicine clinic from February 2007 to October 2007 were administered with Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and measured an analyzed changes in symptoms. Results 1. Regardless of age or duration of Molluscum Contagiosum, all 70 patients showed improvement. 2. Recurrence of Molluscum Contagiosum was not noticeable when treated with Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture, and the duration of treatment was significantly shorter than treation with conventional allopathic ointment. Conclusion Based on above findings, we can deduce Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture has superior anti-viral effects on th pox virus of Molluscum Contagiosum.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 2001

In order to study the effects of bee venom herbal acupuncture on the neurotransmitters of the rat brain cortex, herbal acupuncture with the bee venom group and normal saline group was performed bilaterally on the point corresponding to LI 4 of the rat. The average optical density of the neurotransmitters from the cerebral cortex was analyzed 30 minutes after the herbal acupuncture with immunohistochemical methods. The results were as follows: 1. The density of NADPH-diaphorase in the bee venom group was increased significantly at the motor cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex, cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and perirhinal cortex, compared to the normal saline group. 2. The average optical density of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the bee venom group had significant changes at the insular cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and perirhinal cortex, compared to the normal saline group. 3. The average optical density of neuropeptide-Y in the bee venom group increased significantly at the visual cortex and cingulate cortex, compared to the normal saline group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1597-1600
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture on Ligament Relaxation. The patient was treated with Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy, Acupuncture and Microwave. Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy was administered at fibroosseous junction of the relaxed ligament. We evaluated the patient through Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Range of Motion(ROM), tenderness. Atter treatment, the patients showed that clinical symptoms was disappeared, VAS changed from 10 to 1 and there was no limitation of ROM. According to the result, Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy may have rapid effects on the Ligament Relaxation. But further studies are required to prove the effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy of Ligament Relaxation

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1992

Bee Venom therapy, as bee honey has long contributed to human life as a valuable fancy food since human history began. It can be found in the literature back up to a thousand years as a form of therapy for management of apin of various origin. Even to the present, there are some physicians and medical personnel who believe in the effects of bee sting therapy throughout the world. However Bee Venom therapy remains somewhat controversial and there are very few controlled studies available to guide clinical practice. We administered apitherapy(Bee venom therapy) against pain of musculoskeletal origin in thirty one patients from october 1988 to october 1990 and got successful results in seventy one percent of patients. Our results suggest that Bee Venom therapy can be one of the methods for conquering pain caused by true inflamation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

Objectives : The focus of the analysis was laid on changes in research pertaining to bee venom in regards to time progression. Methods : We collected 365 articles on Bee venom study result from OASIS system using the Keyword 'bee venom, apitoxin, apitherapy, bee sting'. We figured out number and percentage of theses according to year, study method, journal, subject. Results : Bee venom papers published in the journal of korean medicine from 1976. The classification of papers associated with bee venom, clinical studies outnumbered the other study types by a ratio of 1.3 to 1, followed by 138 for experimental papers, and 22 for literature studies. Proportion of Experimental Papers Classified According to the Theme, 16 for pain-killing, 14 papers concentrated on apoptosis anticancer, 13 for anti inflammatory, 11 for arthritis, and other disorders were followed. Type analysis of papers associated with bee venom in clinical trials, lumbar disorders comprised 38 out of 205 papers, 35 papers concentrated on upper limb disorders, 34 papers concentrated on systemic disease, followed by the effect on body. Conclusions : Bee venom is a treatment method based on the unique theory of Korean traditional medicine. Its effort and academical approach on bee venom are expected to receive positive evaluation through numerous research works.