• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1993

To investigate the effects of sedation, anesthesia and surgery on lymphocyte blastogenesis, the administration of propionyl promzine and ketamine HCI and osteotomy of femoral head either alone of in combination were performed in dogs. Lymphocyte blastogenesis to the PHA-M stimulation was measured by counting $^3H-thymidine$ incorporated. Significant decrease of blastogenesis was observed until 72 hours after treatment in the group treated with propionyl proazine, but only at 4 hours in the group treated with ketamine HCI. In the group in which anesthesia and osteotomy of femoral head were performed blastogenesis decreased significantly until 24 hours after treatment. The present study indicated that transient depression of the lymphocyte blastogenesis after surgery was occurred due to the sedation and anesthesia as well as surgery itself.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.441-447
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• 1991

In this study, effect of levamisole, selenium and tocopherol on the lymphocyte blastogenesis and antibody production in Korean native goat were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Lymphocyte blastogenesis of goat blood increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) when the cells were treated in vitro with levamisole at the concentration of $50{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$, with selenium at the concentration of $0.062{\sim}1.0{\mu}g$ and with tocopherol nt the concentration on $12.5{\mu}g$. Increased lymphocyte blastogenesis was detected from 2 to 24 hours after oral administration of levamisole (2.5mg/kg of body weight). After 7 days, increased mitogenic response of lymphocytes was not detected. Meanwhile increased blastogenesis of lymphocyte from goats given the selenium-tocopherol mixture (selenium $100{\mu}g$-tocopherol 200IU/head/day) was detected from 10 days after feeding, and the tendency continued throughout the entire experimental period. When immune responses of goats against PPD were subjected to test by ELISA, the mean IgG titers of levamisolc group (1 : 1,800) and selenium-tocopherol group (1 : 960) were higher than that of control group (1 : 600) at 2 weeks after lst inoculation. At 3 weeks after lst inoculation and 1 week after 2nd inoculation, the significant (p<0.05) differences in IgG titers were detected among the three groups. The mean IgG titers of levamisole group, selenium-tocopherol group and control at that time were 1 : 20,480, 1 : 5,120 and 1 : 2,640, respectively. The IgG production of levamisole group was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of control group.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.585-589
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• 1994

The effects of T-2 toxin on mitogen-induced blastogenesis of chick splenic cells were investigated. The [$^3H$] thymidine incorporation in splenic cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A were equally inhibited as the concentration of T-2 toxin was increased. The effective dose of T-2 toxin causing a 50% reduction of [$^3H$] thymidine incorporation was inbetween 1.0 and 5.0 ng/ml for both mitogens. Mitogen-induced blastogenesis in chick splenic cells showed differences among experimental groups with different exposure time of T-2 toxin, exhibiting the most inhibition in the experimental group exposed to T-2 toxin at both embryonic and chick periods.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 1989

Cell-mediated and humoral immune reactions in mice infected with pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni were observed according to the period of time after amoebic infection by intranasal inoculation. The degrees of blastogenesis of spleen cells induced by mitogens, which were measured using radioactive [$^3H$]-thynndine, were compared between infected and non-infected control groups. The mitogens used in this blastogenesis experiment were concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS). On the other hand, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed for the detection of humoral antibodies against A, culbertsoni. The levels of blastogenesis of splenocytes and strum litres in the experimental group showed increasing tendency a week after inoculation of A. cuzberiseni, although there was no difference between the experimental and control groups in other periods of the experimental time.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.806-813
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• 1994

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Cervi cornu extract on lymphocyte blastogenesis in spleen, thymus, lymph node, born marrow cells of Balb/c mouse, haemagglutination reaction against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), plaque forming cell (PFC) assay against SRBC and IL-2 production. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was determined by $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation. According to the lymphcoyte blastogenesis test on the immune cell. Ceriv cornu extrat was showed a potent mitogenic activity on the spleen and lymph node cells, but had mild mitogenic activity on the thymus and born marrow cells. Mitogenic active component of Crevi cornu extract was identified to be materials where molecular weights are higher than 5,000 by membrane filteration method. Cervi cornu extrat was shown to increase mitogenic effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated spleen cells significantly, but decrease mitogenic effect on the Con A stimulated spleen cell at the concentration 0.3%, 1% and 3%. Ceriv cornu extract didn't show to be haemagglutination reaction and showed to inhibit the Con A-induced haemagglutination reaction against SREC. Result of SRBC-PEC test. Ceriv cornu extract significantly increase the number of PEC at the concentration of 0.1% and 1%. When IL-2 or IL-4 production was determined by proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. Ceriv cornu extract was not shown to stimulate the production of IL-2. From the above results, it is shown that Ceriv cornu extract increased antibody production by B cells, but nor IL-2 production by helper T cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.311-323
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• 2000

Immunosuppressive effects of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection in chickens were investigated. Primary antibody responses to Newcastle disease virus (strain B1) and sheep red blood cells were significantly low in chickens inoculated with the local isolate 89-74 of REV compared to those of uninfected chickens. In chickens infected with REV strain T or 89-74, blastogenesis of spleen cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to concanavalin A (Con A) was severely suppressed. When specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with the isolate, the suppressive effect was observed up to 7 weeks of age while, in the contact infected chickens, the suppression was absent. Similar suppressive effects were observed in chickens inoculated with REV strain T at 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age. When spleen cells or PBL from uninfected chickens were co-cultured with spleen cells or PBL from chickens infected with REV at 1 day-old or 2 week-old, the blastogenesis of the normal cells was suppressed. The suppressive effect of PBL from REV-infected chickens on normal lymphocytes was abrogated by the treatment with trypsin. However the suppressive activity of the REV-infected PBL was not influenced at removing machrophage from the cell suspension by incubation in plastic petri dishes. In addition to the immunosuppression, chickens infected with the REV isolate showed abnormal feather development (nakanuke), anemia, paralysis and retarded growth. Three out of 11 chickens inoculated with the isolate at day-old died between 6 and 9 weeks of age by bacterial infections.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.799-818
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• 1995

This study was performed to examine the general anesthetic efficacy of tiletamine-zolazepam, a mixture of phencyclidine-derived tiletamine and benzodiazepine-related zolazepam. The antagonistic activities of doxapram and yohimbine to the anesthetic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam were also studied. Thirty healthy mongrel dogs were divided into three groups (each of 10) twenty minutes after being anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam : T-Z-S group(tiletamine-zolazepam-saline), T-Z-D group (tiletamine -zolazepam-doxapram), T-Z-Y group (tiletamine-zolaz.pam-yohim bine). Various parameters wert evaluated in terms of the onset and recovery time of analgesia, respiration rates, hear rates, body temperature, electrocardiogram, blood chemistry, and lymphocyte blastogenesis. The results obtained through these experiment could be summarized as follows: 1. he anesthetic efficacy of tiletamine-zolazepam was considered desirable, with the onset time of anesthesia being as short as 0.23-0.24 minutes. 2. Both of the antagonistic effects of yohimbine and doxapram on the anesthesia induced by liletamine-zolazepan were evaluated statistically significant(p<0.05) as the recovery time was shortened from 39.3$\pm$4.9 min(T-Z-S group) to 25.3$\pm$2.9 nin(T-Z-Y group) and 29.9$\pm$8.8min(T-Z-D group), respectively. 3. Respiration rates were not changed by the treatments of both doxapram and yohimbine, with the only transient increase in the T-Z-D group. The changes in the respiration rate were not observed during the whole time course of the experiment. 4. Yohimbine(T-Z-Y group) increased the heart rate significantly from 30 minutes after the adminstration compared to the T-Z-S group and T-Z-D group (p<0.05). 5. The decreases in th, body temporature were observed from 30 minutes in the T-Z-S group(p<0.05) and 40 minutes in th, T-Z-D group(p<0.05), after the adminstration. On the other hand, there was no hypothermia in the T-Z-Y group. 6. In the all experimental groups of the T-Z-S, T-Z-D and T-Z-Y, there were no specific findings on the electrocardiograph incept slight shift to the tachycardia in all cases. 1. We could not find any differences in the blood chemistry between all experimental groups (T-Z-S, T-Z-D and T-Z-Y). 8. the inhibition of the lymphocyte blastogenesis shown in the T-Z-S with 3 hours decreasing and thereafter restoring to the normal values up to the point 5 hours were not occurred in the T-Z-D and T-Z-Y groups. With the above results, we could conclude that both doxapram and yohimbine can be clinically used as recovery agents towards anesthesia by tiletamine- zolazepam fi:on the efficacy point of view, but yohimbine is more recommendable in this case if considering the recovery time and lymphocyte blastogenesis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 1998

We Previously reported that Polysaccharide Isolated from panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, stimulates murine splenocytes to proliferate and to be cytotoxic against a wide range of tumor cells in MHC non-restricted manner:) Therefore, we examined the cytokine mRNA expression induced by the ginseng polysaccharide in this paper. This study demonstrates that the ginseng polysaccharide stimulates Thl type cytosine expression such as IL-2 and IFNY, and macrophage type cytokine expression such as IL-lc and GM-CSF in a dose-dependent manner at different time: IL-2 mRNA was induced at 30 min, IL-la, GM-CSF mRNA at 3 hr, IFNY at 6 hr after the ginseng polysaccharide treatment. In contrast with these, Th2 type cytokine expression such as IL-4 and IL-5 was not induced. The generation of the ginseng polysaccharide-activated killer cells which was induced at the optimal doses of 50 pEyml was neutralized in the presence of anti-lL-2, anti-lFNy, anti-IL-l ${\alpha}$ antibodies, showing the importance of these cytokines produced by the ginseng polysaccharide. In flow cytometry analysis, the blastogenesis of IgM+ cells was induced on day 3 and the number of Thy 1.21 cells, CD4+ and CD8+ cells was increased on day 5. The ginseng polysaccharide also induced blastogenesis of T cells. In conclusion, the ginseng polysaccharide may have considerable antitumor immunotherapeutic modality by stimulating the cytokine production from Thl cells and macrophage and by proliferating lymphocytes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.431-441
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• 1991

To investigate the influence of age and dietary fat level on the immune function and the growing potential of the fibroblast cells, male rats of 2 month, 6 month and 30 month of age were fed either 6% or 30% fat diet for 16 weeks. The weight of thymus decreased linearly with increasing age. And this age-dependent degeneration of thymus was delayed in rats fed low fat diets. The blastogenesis of spleen lymphocytes to PHA, ConA, and PWM was decreased with increasing age, however, no effect of dietary fat level was observed. The age-related decline in ratios of PHA/ConA response may suggest that T suppressor cell activity increases with age. In cell culture system, lung fibroblast cells from 30M rats showed lower plating efficiency. longer doubling time. and shorter cumulative doubling potential than those from 2M or 6M animals. Also. the morphology of fibroblasts from 30M rats was tended to be rouned rather than flattened and more variable in size and being generally larger. wherease those from 2M and 6M rats were uniform in size and adhered tightly to the culture vessel in ordered arrays. Therefore fibroblast cell culture system tried in this study reflects the changes of cellular aging.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1992

Paragonimus westermani is a common fluke in Uorea. The present study aimed to observe the cell mediated immune response in experimental paragonimiasis of mice. The mouse (BALB/c) was orally inoculated with 40 metacercariae of P. westermani from Cambaroides similis. During the infection (1, 2, 4, 6 weeks) of mouse, blastogenic response of splenic Iymphocytes to P. westermani adult antigen, metacercaria antigen, and PHA were observed. Sera from infected and noninfected mice added to normal mouse splenic Lymphocytes with or without PHA. The blastogenic response of splenic Lymphocytes to PHA was reduced after 1 week of infection. However after 6 weeks of infection, the response was restored to the control level. The blastogenic response of splenic Iymphocytes to P. westermani adult or metacercaria antigen increased significantly on 1 week after infection, and maintained up to 6 weeks after infection. The response of non-infected mice was suppressed by addition of the infected mouse serum. The present results suggested that cellular immunity was involved in P. westermani infected mice and that P. westermani anti.serum inhibited proliferation of T Iymphocytes.