• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2005

To study entering and exiting routes of male and female Hynobius leechii to a breeding site and staying time of them within the breeding site, we monitored a breeding population located in the research forests of Kangwon National University. The breeding site was surrounded by a drift fence associated with nine pitfall traps. The breeding season of this population was about one month, from 16 March to 13 April, 2005. Breeding males arrived earlier at the breeding pond than females did. The operational sex ratio (OSR), defined as the ratio of males to females which are ready to mate, over a breeding season was female-biased as 0.67 male vs 1 female (57 males vs 87 females), but daily OSRs, OSR in a particular day, within the breeding pond were male-biased with $1.36\sim7.5$ male vs f female in six days out of seven investigated days. While breeding males stayed in the breeding pond for about 11 days, breeding females left the pond as soon as they completed oviposition. However, the females stayed at terrestrial areas near the pond for about seven days before completely leaving the breeding site. Entering and exiting routes to the breeding site were different between males and females, and between ovulated and oviposited females. Both males and females arrived earlier at the breeding site stayed longer within the site. Males stayed longer within the breeding site lost more body weight.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2019

We investigated the changes in the population size and inter-specific space usage for breeding in mixed breeding sites of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), grey heron (Ardea cinerea), great egret (Ardea alba modesta) and intermediate egret (Egretta intermedia) in Gammul-myeon, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea, in 2016-2017. These species bred in two adjacent habitats (site A and site B). The number of breeding pairs of all species and the size of the breeding area at site B increased in 2017. In 2017, great cormorants at site B occupied the breeding sites previously occupied by the other species in 2016, while the grey heron and great egret occupied the sites around the great cormorant breeding site. The heights of nest trees and nests of great cormorant and grey heron did not differ temporally, but these heights in site B were significantly higher than those in site A for great cormorants. For great egrets, these greatly decreased in site B in 2017. Thus, the great cormorant either moved to favourable nest sites for breeding success or selected nest sites used by the herons in the previous year. Further studies of these two possibilities are necessary.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

본 연구는 1994년 4월에서 8월까지의 기간 동안 지리산국립공원내 임걸령 지역과 노고단 지역에서 등산로가 개설되어 있는 지역과 개설되어 있지 않은 지역을 대상으로 등산로가 번식기 조류 군집에 미치는 영향을 파악함으로써 등산로의 합리적인 관리방안을 모색하고가 실시하였다. 조사지역별 서식지 환경은 노고단 등산로 지역과 노고단 지역이 유사하였으며 임걸령 등산로 지역과 임걸령 지역이 각각 유사하였다. 4개 지역에서 조사를 실시 한 결과 총 25종의 조류가 관찰되었으며. 그 중 18종이 번식한 것으로 파악되었다. 번식기 조류 군집의 종 수 및 번식 쌍수와 길드구조에 있어서 산림 지역과 등산로 지역간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않아, 등산로가 조류 군집에 미치는 영향은 크지 않았던 것으로 판단된다. 이는 등산로의 상층식생이 울폐되어 상층수관이 연결되어 있었으며, 등산로 주변에 하층식생이 발달해 있는 지역이므로 조류 군집에 큰 영향을 주지 않았던 것으로 보여진다. 그러므로 등산로의 개설 혹은 현재 등산로의 유지 및 관리를 위해서 등산로 주변의 수관 울페율을 높게 유지할 수 있도록 등산로 주변의 대경목 및 상층임관이 보호 및 관리되도록 해야 하고, 또한 주변의 식생, 특히 관목층 및 하층식생의 보호 및 유지가 할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1996

Effects of group breeding of herons on pine community were studied at Pomaeri, in Yangyang, Kangwon Province, Korea. This site has been protected as a Natural Monument (No. 229) since 1970. Herons have used this habitat as a breeding site from] anuary to October every year. In 1995, more than 500 herons were observed in this habitat. Many big pine trees are dying or already dead due to group inhabitation of herons, and no pine saplings were found at forest floor in this habitat. Nutrient contents of soil in this habitat were much higher than those in control plot. This must be due to the addition of feces from herons and of thin twigs and other organic materials from the canopy and bird nests. Species composition of herb layer in this habitat was quite different from that in control plot. Breeding site was dominated by Humulus japonicus. Persiearia perJohata, Persicaria thunbergii. and Commelina communis. which are indicator species of soil eutrophication.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2011

In 2001, we conducted a study to assess the effects of differential arrival times and nest-site selection on reproductive performance in a mixed-species heronry consisting of six species in Taeseong-ri, Chungbuk, Korea. We recorded the arrival dates, nest heights, clutch sizes, and brood sizes after 15-20 days of the age of the birds' chicks. The grey herons and cattle egrets arrived first and last, respectively, on the colony site. In the homogenous vegetation structure of the breeding site, the pitch pine trees (Pinus rigida) were mainly used for building nests on 48 of the 50 pine trees (96%). The breeding species vertically stratifies the nest sites according to their body size, except for the cattle egrets and black-crowned night herons that nested at sites higher than those predicted from their body size. The mean nest success rates of the six species under study were positively correlated with the mean nest heights. Our findings suggest that aggressive interspecific interactions among neighbors influence nest-site selection to enhance breeding success.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.506-512
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• 1996

강원도 횡성(橫城) 압곡리(鴨谷里)의 백로(白鷺)와 왜가리 집단서식(集團棲息)이 삼림생태계(森林生態系)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이 지역은 1973년부터 천연기념물(天然記念物) 248호로 지정되어 보호되고 있는 곳으로 1995년 조사에 의하면 700개체 이상의 백로(白鷺)와 왜가리가 서식(棲息)하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 조류(鳥類)의 집단서식(集團棲息)으로 교목인 잎갈나무들이 대부분 고사하였고, 실생에 의한 보충은 얼어나지 않았다. 서식처 잎갈나무군락의 토양 영양염류(營養鹽類) 함량은 대조구(對照區) 잎갈나무군락에 비해 현저히 높았다. 이것은 주로 조류의 배설물(排泄物), 수관층(樹冠層)과 둥지에서 떨어진 잎과 가지의 분해에 기인(起因)하는 것으로 판단되었다. 집단서식지(集團棲息地)의 교목이 고사(枯死)함에 따라 임상(林床)에 투과되는 광량이 증가하여 초본층의 식물종이 대조구(對照區)와 현저한 차이가 있었다. 부영양화(富營養化)된 서식지에는 환삼덩굴, 가시여뀌, 며느리배꼽, 닭의장풀, 애기똥풀, 바랭이, 도깨비바늘, 마 등이 우점(優點)하는 것으로 조사되었다. 집단번식지와 대조구 잎갈나무군락의 관목층과 초본층의 유사도 지수는 각각 0.36, 0.07이었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for habitat restoration by implementing a series of processes of capturing and translocating Kaloula borealis and managing them in artificial breeding facilities. The study site in Samcheon, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do was a waste landfill site in the past, and Kaloula borealis was found during the Samcheon Ecological River Restoration Project around March 2018. To restore the habitat, a plan was established to capture, translocate, artificially breed, and release Kaloula borealis at the site. The capture methods of adult Kaloula borealis were pitfall trap and drift fence, direct capture, and deep barrels. During 2018-2019, 86 adults of Kaloula borealis were captured and translocated to artificial breeding facilities. VIE-tagging was inserted under the skin for monitoring. For artificial breeding, Gryllus bimaculatus with oyster powder and vegetables were regularly supplied to feed Kaloula borealis. At the end of October 2020, 150 young Kaloula borealis raised in artificial breeding facilities were found not entering hibernation, so they were managed in a separate artificial breeding facility. Some young and adult Kaloula borealis currently hibernating will be scheduled to be continuously managed in artificial breeding facilities and released to the restored habitat in the spring of 2021.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2014

번식 시작 전 어느 기간의 어떠한 기후요소가 고리도롱뇽의 번식이주 시기에 영향을 미치는 지를 파악하고자, 부산시 기장군 봉대산 일대에서 고리도롱뇽의 자연번식지와 인접한 대체번식지에서 2006년부터 2010년까지 5년의 번식기 동안 날짜에 따라 번식지에 출현한 개체들을 기록한 개체군 모니터링 자료와 조사지로부터 약 25 km 떨어진 기상대에서 획득한 기후정보 사이의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 번식 시작 전 약 1달 동안의 평균기온 및 평균최저기온은 대체번식지 내 암컷의 번식이주 시기에 영향을 미쳤으며, 번식 전 2~4달 동안의 겨울철 평균일교차와 평균강수량은 각각 자연번식지의 수컷과 자연번식지와 대체번식지의 암컷의 번식이주 시기에 영향을 미쳤다. 번식이주 시기와 기후 요소와의 관련성은 수컷보다 암컷에서, 자연번식지에서보다는 대체번식지에서 더 높았다. 이러한 연구결과는 년도에 걸친 단순한 평균온도의 상승보다는 겨울철을 포함하는 기간 동안의 평균강수량과 평균일교차의 변동이 유미양서류 번식이주 시기에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 보여준다. 더불어 암컷의 번식이주 시기가 수컷에 비하여 기후요소에 보다 더 밀접하게 관련되며, 특별히 이주된 유미양서류의 개체군들에서 이주시기는 기후요소의 영향을 더 크게 받는다는 것을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1240-1244
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• 2006

The complete coding region sequence of the SRY gene in Chinese swamp buffalo was determined by PCR product sequencing. Comparison of swamp and river buffalo SRY gene sequences revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, C/G) at the 202 bp site of the coding region. Further, a total of 124 male domestic buffaloes were genotyped at this SNP site using the PCR-SSCP method, and it was found that all Chinese indigenous swamp buffaloes had a guanine (G) at this site, while introduced river buffaloes and crossbred buffaloes showed a cytosine (C). Our findings suggested that this Y-linked SNP displayed type-specific alleles differentiating swamp and river buffaloes, and could be used as an effective marker to detect crossbreeding of swamp buffaloes with introduced river buffaloes in native buffalo populations, and thereby assess genetic diversity status and make proper conservation decisions for indigenous swamp buffaloes. In addition, this SNP can be potentially applied in the study of Asian water buffalo phylogeny from a male perspective.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.289-293
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of duck production in duck housing as a function of the breeding period. The items in duck production distribution included body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and average duck production. All data were based on eight cycles (June and December, 2017; February, June, August, September, and November, 2018; February, 2019) at Farm Site 1 through 7. The most optimal results in the duck production distribution were observed at Site 1 for weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency. This could be explained by the fact that Site 1 was well managed in environmental improvement and sustainability. Based on these data, selective alternatives to improve duck production in duck farms are recommended as follows: first, proper management and recording of litter used as a flooring material are required, and second, continuous management such as temperature, relative humidity and ventilation is needed. Lastly, it is necessary to change duck facilities by introducing environmental management techniques. Furthermore, efforts to improve the overall facilities and management of duck breeding farms through additional field studies are needed in the future.