• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

In order to utilize skin of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) as an alternative source of collagen, we investigated and compared biochemical and physical properties of collagens isolated from bullfrog skin. Two kinds of collagen (BSASC; bullfrog skin acid-soluble collagen and BSPSC; bullfrog skin pepsin-solubilized collagen) were isolated by subsequent treatments with acetic acid and pepsin. The amounts of skin collagen isolated in the subsequent treatments were 7.3% BSASC and 18.2% BSPSC on the basis of lyophilized bullfrog skin weight, respectively. According to the electrophoretic pattern and CM-cellulose column chromatogram, the BSASC has the chain composition of ${\alpha}1{\alpha}2{\alpha}3$ heterotrimer, and the BSPSC consists of two ${\alpha}$ chains of ${\alpha}1{\alpha}2$. In addition, the denaturation temperatures of all collagens tested were ranged from $30^{\circ}C\;to\;38^{\circ}C$. This study suggests that there is a possibility to use bullfrog skin collagen as an alternative source of collagen for industrial purposes, and subsequently it may increase the economical value of the bullfrog.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 1999

To investigate the regional distribution and relative frequency of the neurotensin-, pancreatic polypeptide(PP)- and gastrin/cholecystokinin(Gas/CCK)-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the bullfrog(Rana catesbeiana) with developmental stages, group of bullfrogs subdivided into the tadpole with hindlegs, metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, 2 weeks after metamorphosed bullfrog and adult bullfrog, were stained by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods). Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were observed from the pylorus of the metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, but these cells were not detected after that periods. PP-immunoreactive cells were detected from the adult bullfrog in the pylorus, duodenum and ileum. These cells were most predominant in the pylorus. Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were observed from the adult bullfrog in the pylorus. According to these results, most of immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the bullfrog were appeared after the complete metamorphosed periods, in which the complete differentiation of structure of gastrointestinal tract were occurred, and variable changes of the regional distribution and relative frequency with developmental stages were observed.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1999

In order to investigate the regional distribution and relative frequency of the serotonin-, somatostatin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract GIT) of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) with developmental stages, group of bullfrogs subdivided into the tadpole with hindlegs, metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, 2 wk after metamorphosed bullfrog and adult bullfrog, were stained by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods). Multifarious changes of the regional distribution and relative frequency of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells were observed as developmental stages but motilin-immunoreactive cell ere not detected in this study. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected from 2 wk after metamorphosed bullfrog in the whole GIT. The positive cells were predominant in the pylorus regions. In the adult bullfrog, these cells increased in fundus. On the other hand, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from the tadpole with hindlegs in the stomach regions. In the metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, they were found in the whole GIT except for the ileum, and increased with developmental stages except for rectum. In the rectum, these cells were not detected after that period. Our results show that most of the immunoreactive cells appear from completed metamorphosed periods when the histological structure of GIT is completely differentiated.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1049-1059
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional content of bullfrog meat from different parts of the animal, including fore-chest, thigh and calf. Bullfrog meat was found to be a rich source of proteins, essential amino acids and minerals, but with a low fat content, compared with other aquatic meat products. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between thigh and calf in mineral content (K, P, Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn), but the contents of K, P, and Mg were higher in thigh and calf than in the fore-chest (p<0.05). The salt-soluble, water-soluble and insoluble protein bands in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis, from fore-chest, thigh and calf were similar, with the most abundant bands being 35 kDa (salt-soluble protein), 35-48 kDa (water-soluble protein) and 48 kDa (insoluble protein). The results showed that the insoluble protein content in the fore-chest meat was higher than that in the thigh meat and calf meat, but the salt-soluble protein fraction was the most abundant in thigh meat. These results showed that the nutrients in different parts of bullfrog meat were different.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.133-136
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• 1996

Calcium modulates the activity of guanylate cyclase and plays a key role in dark and light adaptation in the visual system. We have measured the Ca$^{2+}$, K$^+$ and Na$^+$ concentration in dark and light adapted bullfrog's (Rana catesbeiana) vitreous humor by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The calcium concentration of the light adapted bullfrog's vitreous humor was higher than that of the dark adapted bullfrog's vitreous humor. This means that ion activity between the photoreceptor and vitreous humor side is light dependent and we have found that a Ca$^{2+}$ channel and Na$^+$ - Ca$^{2+}$ exchanger exist in the vitreous humor.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.351-354
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 황소개구리(Rana catesbeiana Shaw)가 불포화지방산의 주요 공급원이 될 수 있다는 점에 착안하여, 국내에서 서식하고 있는 황소개구리에서 지방을 추출하여 지방산 조성을 분석하였다. 황소개구리의 다리와 몸통에는 1%(w/w)이하의 지방이 함유되어 있었으며, 계절에 따른 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 황소개구리 다리에서 분리한 지방에는 26~31%(w/w) 포화지방산, 16~24% 모노엔산, 30~40% 고도불포화지방산이 함유되어 있었으며, 몸통에서 분리한 지방에는 23~28% 포화지방산, 29~44% 모노엔산, 16~30% 고도불포화지방산이 함유되어 있었다. 황소개구리에서 추출한 지방의 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid이었다. 다리에서 분리한 지방에는 3~8% eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)와 6~10% docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)가 함유되어 있었으며, 몸통에서 분리한 지방에는 1~3% EPA 와 DHA가 각각 함유되어 있었다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

Zinc plays a key role in genetic expression, cell division, and cell growth and is essential for the functions of more than 450 metalloenzyme. There are high concentrations of zinc in pigment epithelium in bullfrog eye. Zinc deficiency causes night blindness and abnormal dark adaptation. The purpose of this study was to identify ERG (electroretinogram) b-wave sensitivity during light and dark adaptation in bullfrog retina after zinc and zinc chelators treatment such as histidine and TSQ (N-(6-methoxy-8-qunolyl)-p-toluenesulfon amide). Especially, we focused whether histidine act as a zinc chelator in the Muller cell. The results of our study are summarized as follows: 1) Both zinc and histidine elevated ERG b-wave amplitude and threshold in Muller cells by accelerating rhodopsin regeneration time and increased a-peak absorbance during light adaptation. 2) TSQ reduced those by prolonging rhodopsin regeneration time and decrement of a-peak absorbance during light adaptation. 3) Zinc shortened rhodopsin regeneration time and prolonged a-peak absorbance. These results suggested that histidine may act as a zinc-mediated transporter in presynaptic Muller cell membrane rather than zinc chelator and acts as a GABA-receptor inhibitor which blocks $Cl^-$ influx to the postsynapse.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1999

Calcium has a variety of functions in neuron and muscle cells and blood clotting, especially in the visual system where dark adapted rods cotransport with Na$\^$+/ into the cell. An influx of Ca$\^$++/ flows out of the cell through the Na$\^$+/-Ca$\^$++/ exchanger. By using a modified Using chamber in order to bring in vivo environment close, we have known that Ca$\^$++/ blocks the activity of guanylate cyclase, in consequence, having an effect on the amplitude of electroretinogram (ERG). We have measured the Ca$\^$++/, K$\^$+/, and Na$\^$+/ concentration in dark and light adapted bullfrog＇s (Rana catesbeiana) vitreous humor. The calcium concentration of the light adapted bullfrog＇s vitreous humor was higher than that of the dark adapted bullfrog＇s vitreous humor This means that ion activity between the photoreceptor and vitreous humor side is light dependent and we have found that a Ca$\^$++/ channel and Ca$\^$++/K$\^$+/ exchanger exist in the vitreous humor side. Taken together permeability of Ca$\^$++/, K$\^$+/ and K$\^$+/ ion internal limiting membrane faced in the vitreous humor side has light-dependent activity during the illumination.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국현미경학회 1996년도 제27회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.59-62
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• 1996

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1998년도 공동 춘계학술대회
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• pp.32-32
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• 1998

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