• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chicory fructan fiber supplementation on bone mineral density, apparent absorption of minerals and serum parameters related to bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Twenty-six healthy Korean postmenopausal women participated in the study. 1be participants were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blind parallel design and took one of the supplements for 3 months; either a placebo of 8g maltodextrins/sucrose mixture (control group) or 8g chicory fructan fiber (fructan group). During the 3-month experimental period no differences were found in bone mineral density (BMD) between the two groups. Apparent calcium absorption significantly increased by 42% in the fructan group, while that of the control group decreased by 29% as compared to the values at baseline. Urinary calcium excretion was not significantly different between the group;;. After 3 months, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly lower in the fructan group than in the control group and deoxypyridinolin showed a trend toward a slight reduction. In conclusion, intake of chicory fructan fiber with a regular increases apparent calcium absorption in postmenopausal women.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.58-62
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• 2015

A 3-weeks feeding trial with 288 laying hens were conducted to determine the efficacy of lecithin-free egg yolk at different levels of dietary Ca on performance and Ca absorption. Laying hens were divided into 6 groups according to calcium level and testing agent; 0% calcium feed (A), 0.2% calcium feed (B), 0.4% calcium feed (C, normal feed), 0.6% calcium feed (D), 0.4% calcium feed + 0.2% egg byproduct (C+0.2), 0.4% calcium feed + 0.4% egg byproduct (C+0.4). The final body weight gain of C+0.2 and C+0.4 groups were higher by 1.5% and 7.4% respectively than group C. Tibia ash contents did not show significantly difference, but calcium contents increase (p<0.05) in C+0.2 and C+0.4 groups. Parallel undecalcified tibia joint sections were stained for calcium absorption by the von Kossa's stain. This result show that lecithin free egg byproduct supplementation to normal calcium feed improved growth performance and calcium utilization in laying hens.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.154-154
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• 1993

A factorial experiment was conducted to determine the influence of phytate(0 or 10g/kg diet) and calcium (Ca)(3 or 10g/kg diet) intakes on Ca, P and Zn metabolism by growing female rats. Food intake and weight were similar for the all groups, however, phytate ingestion for six weeks depressed femur growth. The low Ca plus phytate group showed the lowest Ca content of total femur and this was related to a significant decrease of Ca retention. Phytate intake depressed zinc(Zn) absorption in the first metabolic collection. This inhibitory effect of phytate on Zn absorption was improved in the low Ca plus phytate group after several weeks. Impared Zn absorption however remained in the high Ca plus phytate group which was reflected in the lowest Zn content of femur, phytate intake with high Ca also depressed phosphorous(P) absorption and serum and urinary P. These adverse effects of phytate on Zn and P absorption when the dietary Ca was high could explain reduced femur weight despite the highest concentration of femur Ca(mg/g ash) in this group. Results suggest that phytate can adversely affect not only Ca metabolism but Zn and P utilization. Thus, for the normal bone growth when phytate intake is high, the ingesion of Ca, P, Zn and other minerals should be enhanced.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was undertaken to study the action mechanism of Rhizoma Davalliae (RD) at parameter related to regulating bone density. Methods : We measured alkaline phosphatase activity and the contents : calcium, hydroxyproline, osteocalcin, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone after the ovariectomized rats had been treated with RD for 30 days. Results : The following changes occurred: First, the serum calcium content and the calcitonin content, which decreased in ovariectomized rats, increased with RD treatment. Second, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity, the parathyroid hormone ativity, the osteocalcin content, the urinary calcium content, and the hydroxyprolin content-which increased in ovariectomized rats-decreased with RD treatment. Conclusions : These results show that RD treatment can recover abnormal calcium metabolic process by sex hormone inequality, promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone absorption.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.474-480
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• 2011

Calcium (Ca) is an essential element to maintain body homeostasis. However, many factors disturb calcium absorption. Aspartic acid chelated calcium (AAC) was synthesized by new methods using calcium carbonate and aspartic acid. This study was carried out to investigate the bioavailability of AAC in Ca-deficient rats. The experimental groups were as follows: NC; normal diet control group, CD-C; untreated control group of Ca-deficient (CD) rats, CD-$CaCO_3$; $CaCO_3$ treated group of CD rats, CD-AAC; AAC treated group of CD rats, and CD-SWC; and seaweed-derived Ca treated group of CD rats. The Ca content of various types of Ca was held constant at 32 mg/day, and the four CD groups were fed for 7 days after randomized grouping. Ca content in serum, urine, and feces within feeding periods were analyzed to confirm Ca absorption. Serum Ca content was significantly higher in the CD-AAC (11.24 mg/dL) and CD-SWC (10.12 mg/dL) groups than that in the CD-C (8.6 mg/dL) group 2 hours following the first administration. The Ca content in feces was significantly lower in the CD-AAC (35.4 mg/3 days) and CD-SWC (71.1 mg/3 day) groups than that in the CD-$CaCO_3$ (98.7 mg/3 days) group (p > 0.05). AAC had a 2.3-fold higher absorption rate of Ca than that of SWC. No differences in fibula length were observed in the NC and CD groups. The fibula weights of the CD-AAC (0.33 g) and CD-SWC (0.33 g) groups increased compared to those in the CD-C (0.27 g) group; however, no significant difference was observed between the CD groups. We conclude that bioavailability of AAC is higher than that of seaweed-derived Ca or inorganic Ca. Thus, these findings suggest the AAC has potential as a functional food material related to Ca metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2001

Intakes and excretions of calcium and phosphorus were determined for 8 female adolescents(aged 16.3$\pm$0.5y; body mass index 20.4$\pm$1.3kg/$m^2$; body fat 33.3$\pm$2.5%; bone mineral density of lumbar spine in L2-L4; 0.96$\pm$0.08g/$\textrm{cm}^2$) when they consumed diets basal and high in calcium for 6 days each. All subjects consumed a basal Ca diet containing 800mg, Korean RDA level of the subjects, and a high Ca diet containing 1200mg, RDA plus 2 SDs of calcium intake. The diets provided 58% of energy intake as carbohydrate, 25% as fat, and 17% as protein. Food, urine, and fecal composites were collected during the last 3 days of each feeding period. Fecal excretion of calcium was significantly greater on the high Ca than on the basal Ca diet. Hence, apparent absorption rate was significantly lowered from 40.9% on the basal Ca diet to 33.1% on the high Ca diet. There was no significant difference in calcium retention between the two diet periods but it tended to be greater on the high Ca diet. However, excretions and retention of phosphorus did not show any significant difference even though intake was significantly increased from 1,253mg on the basal Ca diet to 1,583mg on the high Ca diet. The results indicate that higher calcium intake than the Korean RDA level is recommended for adolescents to meet peak bone mineral accretion and attain a desirable level of calcium retention. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 433~439, 2001)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of a lactic acid extract of Sargassum horneri (ExSL) as a calcium supplement on bone formation in 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks of their growth phase. The rats were divided into four groups based on diet: two calcium-sufficient and two calcium-deficient diets. The normal control group (NC) was fed AIN-93G; the NCS group was fed the same diet containing 1% extract; the calcium-deficient control (DC) diet was based on AIN-93G; and the DCS group received the same calcium-deficient diet plus 1% extract. Bone formation in the rats was evaluated using the wet weight, length, diameter, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur. Serum parameters were also examined. The food intake among the groups did not differ significantly (P<0.05). The NCS group gained the most body weight, while the DC group gained much less weight than the other groups. The feeding efficiencies of the groups that received the extract (NCS and DCS) were slightly higher than those of the control groups (NC and DC). The calcium intakes of all groups depended on the amount of calcium in the feed; the NCS and DCS diets contained 12.15 mg more calcium than the NC and DC diets. The calcium absorption was lower in NCS than in DC and DCS, but significantly higher than in NC (P<0.05). The BMDs in the calcium-sufficient groups were not significantly different (P<0.05), while in the calcium-deficient groups the BMD was significantly higher in DCS than in DC (P<0.05). The serum calcium and phosphorus levels in all groups were not associated with markers of bone growth related to the extract. The osteocalcin content and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity were higher in the calcium-deficient groups than in the normal groups (P<0.05). Ultimately, the osteocalcin content and ALPase activity were lower in DCS compared to DC. These results suggest that the addition of ExSL promotes bone formation and calcium absorption in growing rats.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of calcium derived from starfish as a new calcium source. Four-week old Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided 6 groups. The rats were received experimental diets containing two kinds of Ca sources, CaCO₃ or starfish, and three levels of Ca, low (0.1 %), medium (0.5%) and high (1.0%), respectively, for 6 weeks. The parameters which related to Ca bioavailability were measured : Serum Ca concentration, Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and GOT activities ; tissue Ca contents, bone dimension and Ca, P, Mg contents; Ca retention and apparent absorption. Starfish Ca-fed rats did not show any difference from CaCO₃-fed rats in terms of growth, food intake and FER. Serum Ca, ALP and GOT activities as well as tissue Ca contents were not different between CaCO₃- and starfish Ca-fed groups. Although dimension of femur and lumbar was not different between CaCO₃- and starfish Ca-fed rats, ash content was high in starfish Ca-fed rats. Ca and P contents of femur and lumbar were not different between both groups. Starfish Ca-fed groups showed higher Mg contents than CaCO₃-fed groups in both femur and lumbar. Ca absorption rate and retention rate were significantly higher in starfish Ca-fed rats. These results indicate that Ca derived starfish did not show any negative effect on growth and Ca metabolism of rats compared to calcium carbonate. Starfish Ca can be recommended as a good Ca source on the basis of higher Ca absorption and bioavailability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1178-1182
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• 2008

The present study was designed to assess the influence of caeca on the availability of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and copper from soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, sesame, fish and meat cum bone meal in adult roosters. The excretion of endogenous origin minerals viz., copper, magnesium, manganese and calcium was significantly (p<0.001) higher in caecectomized than in normal roosters. The difference in the endogenous excretion was 50; 60.45; 40.35 and 29.63 per cent for copper, magnesium, manganese and calcium, respectively, in caecectomized roosters. The caeca played a pivotal role in the reabsorption of endogenous origin calcium, magnesium, manganese and copper. The mechanism of phosphorus absorption by the caecal epithelium was negligible. The caecectomized roosters underestimated the bioavailability of copper in sunflower meal and manganese in almost all the test feedstuffs. The present investigation revealed that the caeca played a critical role in the absorption of minerals from vegetable protein feedstuffs which escape digestion and absorption in the small and large intestinal segments.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 1996

A novel calcium binding protein (CaBP) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from Dunaliella salina. In the course of purification experiment, this CaBP was identified as a monomer and its molecular weight was about 21 kDand isoelectric point (pI) value was about 4.1 using isoelectrofocusing. This CaBP was able to bind Ca2+ even in the pressence of an excess MgCl2 and KCI both in solution. In the SDS-PAGE, the Ca2+-bound form was slower than the Ca2+-free form in the nondenaturing PAGE. This means that the CaBP undergoes conformational change in the Ca2+-bound condition. Furthermore, UV absorption spectrum and fluorescence intensity of this CaBP was investigated. UV absorption peak was appeared at about 258 nm and decreased somewhat in Ca2+-bound condition. In the measurement of fluorescence, maximum intensity was appeared at 303 nm and decreased in Ca2+-bound state, similarly as UV absorption spectrum. These show distinct changes upon Ca2+-binding, which indicate of structural and/or dynamic changes largely reminiscent of other members of the EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein family.