• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1010-1021
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• 1999

Camouflage measures in military purpose utilize the apparent temperature difference between target and background, so it is essential to develop a thermal analysis program for apparent temperature predictions and to apply some camouflage measures to real military targets for camouflage purpose. In this study, a thermal analysis program including conduction, convection and radiation is developed and the validity of radiation heat transfer terms is examined. The results show that longwave radiation along with solar radiation should be included in order to predict the apparent temperature as well as the physical temperature precisely. Longwave emissivity variation as an effective camouflage measures is applied to a real M2 tank. From the simulation results, it is found that an effective surface treatment, such as painting of a less emissive material or camouflage clothing, may provide a temperature similarity or a spatial similarity, resulting in an effective camouflage.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.362-371
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• 2022

Orthognathic surgery is the primary treatment option for severe skeletal discrepancy. However, orthodontic camouflage should be considered as an alternative treatment option, considering the risks of surgery. A 19.5-yearold man presented with a severe prognathic mandible with a Class III molar relationship and an anterior crossbite. Orthognathic surgery could be considered because of his severe skeletal discrepancy and mandibular prognathism. However, the anesthetist for orthognathic surgery did not recommend surgery under general anesthesia because of risk factors associated with the patient's aplastic anemia, including bleeding and infections. Thus, a camouflage treatment to promote backward rotation of the mandible via orthodontic extrusion of the posterior teeth was planned. An anterior bite plate, intermaxillary elastics, and fixed orthodontic appliances were used to extrude the posterior teeth and to align the dentition. After 17 months of nonsurgical orthodontic treatment, normal occlusion was achieved, and the facial profile was dramatically improved. This case report describes the dentoskeletal and soft-tissue effects of mandibular rotation and its long-term stability.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.355-364
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• 2008

Skeletal anterior open bite is a difficult problem to correct in orthodontic treatment. To treat adult patients who have skeletal anterior open bite, we considered two methods. Combination treatment of orthodontics & surgery and camouflage orthodontic treatment. In adults, treatment of severe skeletal anterior open bite consists mainly of surgically repositioning the maxilla or the mandible. However, camouflage therapy is often the treatment of choice for skeletal open bite patients who have mild to moderate skeletal discrepancies when growth modification is no longer possible. But excellent results generally require careful coordination of the orthodontic and surgical phases of treatment. This is a case report of a skeletal anterior open bite patients who were treated with orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. First case was diagnosed as skeletal class I malocclusion & bimaxillary protrusion with anterior open bite, and finally treatment ended for removal of open bite with orthodontic procedure and bimaxillary anterior segmental osteotomy surgery. Second case was diagnosed as skeletal class II malocclusion with open bite & mandibular retrusion, and was treated with only camouflage orthodontics because she feared to have a surgery. In a regular follow up visit after debonding we proposed to the patient advanced genioplasty, and in her agreement her facial esthetics was improved through the surgery.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.344-351
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• 2019

Skeletal Class III malocclusion is a relatively common form of malocclusion in Korea. In borderline cases where only mild skeletal discrepancy exists and if worsening of the facial profile is expected as a result of premolar extraction, mandibular full arch distalization with miniscrews is the treatment of choice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of tooth movement and evaluate the stability of mandibular full arch distalization and to identify correlation between stability and factors such as initial skeletal pattern, dental changes during treatment and alveolar bone in symphysis region using lateral cephalograms.

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.90.2-90.2
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• 1998

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.278-289
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• 2020

Orthodontic treatment of posterior bite collapse due to early loss of molars and the consequent drift of adjacent teeth is complicated. When the posterior bite collapse occurs in patients with facial asymmetry, both transverse and vertical compensation are necessary for camouflage orthodontic treatment. In such cases, posterior maxillary segmental osteotomy (PMSO) can be an effective alternative procedure that simplifies the orthodontic treatment and shows long-term stability through dental compensation within the alveolar bone housing. This case report aimed to describe the orthodontic treatment of maxillary occlusal plane canting caused by severely extruded maxillary teeth in a patient with skeletal facial asymmetry that was corrected with PMSO along with protraction of the lower second molar to replace the space of the extracted first molar. The treatment duration was 18 months, and stable results were obtained after 2 years of retention.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.4 s.63
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• pp.661-668
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• 1997

There is a variation in the range of normal occlusion, and we must fit our treatment to the needs of each patient. If the upper or lower incisors are congenital)y missing, malformed, or crowded, the extraction of the incisor has some advantages over the extraction of premolars and nonextractions. The advantages are 1)simple mechanics, 2)reduced treatment time, 3)less relapse tendency, and 4)fewer facial profile changes. In order to decide which incisor should be extracted, we must consider certain factors 1)discrepancies in anterior arch length, 2)anterior tooth ratio, 3)periodontal and tooth health condition, and 4)the relationship between the upper and lower midline. Diagnostic set-up can be helpful to plan the treatment and show us the post treatment result.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 1997

Class III malocclusion patients can be approached with many different types of treatment methods, and thus, each patient's problems must be accurately evaluated to allow selection of the best possible treatment method. Cephalometric analysis is an essential part of diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients, and it would certainly be helpful if reliable cephalometric guidelines could be set. The author divided 482 Class III malocclusion patients(253 males and 229 females) into fourgroups according to different types of treatment methods they have received to correct imbalance between upper and lower jaws: 1) orthopedic appliance (face mask & RPE), 2) camouflage treatment with fixed appliance, 3) surgical-orthodontic treatment, 4) cross-bite correction with removable plates/ functional appliance. Cephalometric values at the time of first clinical examination were compare among the four groups. Cephalometric analysis indicates the following results: 1)the amounts of antero-posterior and vertical skeletal discrepancies and dental compensation were greatest in surgery group 2) SNB, Wits, distance from Nasion Perpendicular Plane to point a facial angle, facial convexity, and APDI were greater in orthopedic appliance group than fixed appliance(camouflage) group, but there was no statistical difference 3) removable plates/ functional appliance group showed least amounts of skeletal discrepancies and dental compensation with statistical significance.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2011

Nonextraction camouflage treatment in mild Class III malocclusion is achieved by backward movement of the lower dentition and forward movement of the upper dentition. Many camouflage treatment modalities have been used for distal tipping and distal movement of mandibular posterior teeth. The amount of distal movement of mandibular dentition can be improved in cases of severe crowding, even without the patient's cooperation, by using miniscrews for anchorage. However, miniscrew insertion may be unsuccessful, and it may contact the adjacent root because of the distal movement of dentition. Distal tipping of mandibular dentition can be achieved using multiloop edgewise archwires and intermaxillary elastics. However, the complexity of this wire design causes discomfort to patients. Recently, a new treatment using improved superelastic NiTi wires (ISWs) and intermaxillary elastics has been introduced. ISWs can deliver orthodontic force more effectively, and their use with molar tip-back treatment has several advantages-this approach is effective, simple, and easy to use and reduces patient discomfort. The aim of this study was to report a case of camouflage treatment using ISW with tip-back and intermaxillary elastics for distal tipping of mandibular posterior dentition and to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment in a clinical setting.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2020

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) patients may experience emotional withdrawal during their growth period due to their abnormal facial appearance. Distraction osteogenesis at an early age to improve their appearance can encourage these patients. Some abnormalities of the affected side can be overcome by distraction osteogenesis at an early age. However, differences in the growth rate between the affected and unaffected sides during the rest of the growth period are inevitable due to the characteristics of HFM. Therefore, re-evaluation should be performed after completion of growth in order to achieve stable occlusion through either orthognathic surgery or camouflage orthodontic treatment. An eight-year-old patient visited the clinic exhibiting features of HFM with slight mandibular involvement. He received phase I treatment with distraction osteogenesis and a functional appliance. Distraction osteogenesis was performed at the right ramus, which resulted in an open bite at the right posterior dentition. After distraction osteogenesis, a functional appliance and partial fixed appliance were used to achieve extrusion of the affected posterior dentition and settlement of the occlusion adjustment on the unaffected posterior dentition. The patient visited the clinic regularly for follow-up assessments, and at the age of 20 years, he showed facial asymmetry of the mandible, which had deviated to the right side. He received orthodontic treatment to improve the occlusion of his posterior dentition after the growth period. Without orthognathic surgery, stable occlusion and a satisfactory facial appearance were obtained through camouflage orthodontic treatment.