• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide a method for fire suppression in a central area inside the roof of a wooden cultural property using a gas extinguishing apparatus, which is used as one of fire suppression methods with view to preventing valuable wooden properties inherited from ancestors from being destructed by fire. For a wooden property, it is very difficult to suppress fire when combustion spreads to a central area inside its roof, so it is impossible to put out a fire without destructing it. Such a fire fighting apparatus as a sprinkler, etc., installed in modern structures, is very effective, but the possibility of damaging a cultural property is highly probable after installment and operation, which leads to its low adaptability to a wooden property. Thus, the necessity of developing a fire suppress ion apparatus was raised to minimize the said problem and to obtain the desired results, and the need of making a plan on the installment was also raised based on the results of a test whose validity was proven. The central area inside a roof is a traditional - architectural style which is found in Korean wooden structures only, so it is impossible to discover similar cases in foreign countries. For this reason, this study was conducted to verify the effectiveness by developing a fixed fire suppression apparatus designed considering the speed and effectiveness in fire suppression. This study was sequentially carried out in the following steps. First, a frame for this study was made and the specific plan on a fire suppression method was established. Then, a fire suppression apparatus was installed. In the first step, the effectiveness for fire suppression was tested by installing valve open - punched - main water pores, and in the second step, the same effectiveness was tested by valve opened - punched - injection ports. For a wooden property similar to "Sungnyemun"(Gate of Exalted Ceremonies), its central area of the roof decides whether the fire suppression is successful or not, so the opinions on how to put out a fire were presented in this study, and thus the objective data to establish a method on fire suppression in a wooden structure(cultural property) was secured. Lastly, a scientific verification in the effectiveness for fire suppression measures was presented by installing a gas - fixed fire suppression apparatus.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.4 s.21
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• pp.63-79
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• 1999

This paper is an architectural paper which has been studied about dowelling form and culture in southwestern island area of Korea from 18C up to now. The goal of this research is to present the basic data in new modeling development of dwelling house. This area had less cultural interchange than inland area because of geographical conditions. Therefore, so far, many traditional factors have been handed down and especially, a good many commoner's traditional houses exit. The traditional houses is composed of Anchae (a central house), Sarangchae (an attached house of Anchae). Sometimes, Sarangchae was ommitted according to the circumstance of the house. Generally, the form of arrangement of house is divided into two shapes; One is 'ㅡ' shape which has only Anchae and the other is 'ㄱ' shape which has Anchae and Sarangchae. Approximately, since 1970's, new type of house has been built in this area. Usually, Inside this house are living room, kitchen, toilet, utility and 3 rooms. Wall is made of brick and roof is made of concrete's slabe. We can not find the traditional culture in this type of houses. The house in the futrue, the factors of cuture and the convenience of the present age have to be coexisted.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.171-182
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• 1999

The Myeonbongsan caldera, 10.2X8.0 km, developed within older sequences of sedimentary formations and intermediate composition volcanis in the southern Cheongsong area. Volcanic rocks in the caldera block include lower intermediate volcanics, middle tuffaceous sequences and upper silicic ones. The silicic volcanics, which is named Myeonbongsan Tuff, are composed of crystal-rich ash-flow tuff(300 m) , bedded tuff(30 m) and pumice-rich ash-flow tuff(700 m) in ascending order. Several intrusions dominate the early sequences within the caldera. The caldera collapsed in a trapdoor type when silicic ash-flow tuffs erupted fro major vent area in the caldera. Normal faulting along a ring fault system except the southwestern part dropped the tuffs down to the northrase with a maximum displacement of about 820 m. The Myeonbongsan Tuff is just about 1,030 m thick inside the northeastern caldera, with its base not exposed, and southwestward thinning down. Rhyolitic plug and ring dikes are emplaced along the central vent and the caldera margins, and the ring dikes are cut by plutonic stocks in the southeastern and northwestern parts. The caldera volcanism eviscerated the magma chamber by a series of explosive eruptions during which silicic magma was erupted to form the Myeonbongsan Tuff. Following the last ash-flow eruption, collapse of the chamber roof resulted in the formation of the Myeonbongsan caldera, a subcircular trapdoor-type depression subsiding about 820 m deep. After the collapse, stony to flow-banded rhyolites were emplaced as circular plugs and ring dikes along the central vent and the caldera margins respectively. Finally after the intrusions, another plutons were emplaced as stocks outside the caldera.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.120-141
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• 2015

This paper is a preliminary study of architectural characteristics of Jangdae (general's podium), which shows one of the technical changes in fortification of Joseon Dynasty. As a facility for commands of generals and training for officers and men, it was located inside a fortress. Although it is not certain when the first Jangdae was built, the number of them dramatically increased around 18th century. Since the top priority function of the Jangdae was the prospect, it was installed at the hilly spot with open architecture. In addition, the open structure of Eupseong fortress towers on the riverside banks could simultaneously offer the functions as viewing around and Jangdae. Since Jangdae was also a place for military drills and reviews of soldiers, a wide podium was positioned at the front to muster the soldiers. This feature was standardized in the space organization of Jangdae in Joseon, and a mere podium was installed unless the topographic restrictions allows enough space. On the other hand, as a place for a commander, the hierarchy of the Jangdae was revealed through a variety of architectural characteristics. The hierarchy was assigned to the commander's space through the altitude difference, and diverse ornaments were added to show a sense of class. The floor plan of the Jangdae building can be largely categorized into rectangle and square, and the typical sizes of the former are $5{\times}4$ Kans (traditional measuring unit between two columns) and $3{\times}2$ Kans. Out of these two types, buildings of $5{\times}4$ Kans were found in flat land and eupseong fortresses with large space, and the relatively smaller ones of $3{\times}2$ Kans in mountain fortresses. All buildings of square floor plan had $3{\times}3$ Kans style, and the center Kan was twice wider than the side Kan to make the central space wide. It seems that the purpose was to secure the interior space of the upper story because the center Kan accounts for the floor area of the upper story. Some Jangdae's had internal story to form overhead space. The multi-roofed tower style with eaves attached to the upper and lower story is found exclusively in Jangdae. The buildings shows the Onkanmulim style which extends Naejinju (inner column) of the lower story to be the Byeonju (outer column) of the upper story, and the log-framed floor in the upper floor was structured by inserting the Changbang (connecting beam) between the Naejinju's and joining the log frames. In addition, the towers in eupseong fortresses had log-framed floor in the upper floor by setting up the high Nuhaju (column underneath a roof) and joining Cheongbang to the upper part of the column while it cannot be regarded as multi-roofed because only the upper part has a roof.