• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.245-260
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• 2015

The effect of salt milling process on the crystal size, morphology, and color characteristics of C.I. Pigment Red 57:1 was studied. The primitive morphology and color properties of the pigment after synthesis were studied in the former series work. The size and morphology of primary particles and the second aggregation features should be considered because they are very important to determine pigment quality. We compared the primary morphology of pigment particles before drying with the secondary aggregated morphology of pigment particles after drying and salt milling process. Morphological properties were investigated by particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy and color measurement was carried out. Significant reduction in particle size as well as enhanced crystallite size after salt milling process was observed. This result might give a difference in color of the pigment, turning into brighter and more blue-toned red color. It was revealed that synthesis condition affect the morphology and color of the pigment even after milling. Increase in HCl concentration in the synthesis process enhanced crystal size and quality forming bluer-red pigments but an increase in $CaCl_2$ concentration resulted in more amorphous crystals forming darker-red pigments after salt milling.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.229-244
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• 2015

The effects of synthesis conditions on characteristics of the calcium-azo complex pigment, C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, were studied. It was mainly considered that the industrially required synthesis conditions for lowering electrical conductivity of the pigment solution keeping pigment quality such as particle size and color characteristics. Three parameters were chosen as control factors during the synthesis. The first was the amount of hydrochloric acid added to transform sodium nitrite into nitrous acid. The second was the amount of calcium chloride added to insolubilize the synthesized azo dye. The final factor was pH control during the coupling reaction. The electrical conductivity and pigment aggregate particle size were dependent on the amount of hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride. Higher HCl concentration gave brighter yellowish-red color because of smaller particle aggregate size and narrower size distribution. Amount of charged ions in the synthesis process might affect the "lake" formation resulting different particle aggregate size and color shade.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.319-323
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• 1998

치자의 황색소를 L. plantalium, V. vulinficus, P. aeruginosa, S. mutans, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, S. typhimurium, S. aureus 등 8종의 균주의 배지에 첨가하고 배양하면 청녹색계 색소로 변환된다. 미생물에 의해 변환된 색소의 분광학적 성질을 경시적으로 추적하면 색소의 변환형태는 3군으로 나뉘어지며, 색차계로 측정된 ${\Delta}E$ 값의 변환형태도 그러하였다. 청녹색계색소로의 변환속도는 균주에 따라 차이를 보였는데 8종의 미생물중 S. epidermidis는 가장 빨라 배양 16시간에 색소변환이 완성되었다. 치자황색소와 변환된색소는 $H_2O-MeOH$ 용매계에 의한 Amberlite XAD-4 column chromatography에 의해 완전히 분리되었으며, 광과 열에 대한 저장안정성은 치자황색소보다 변환된 색소가 보다 안정함을 나타냈다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

In this experiment the effects of the packing structure of pigment on the surface characteristics (smoothness and gloss) of coated paper are studied. Four different kinds of inorganic pigments(clay), ground calcium carbonate(GCC), two of precipitated calcium carbonates(PCC), and two organic pigments(solid bead and hollow type) were used. The method of measuring the relative sediment volume(RSV) was used to analyze the packing structure of coating layer. The relative sediment volume was measured, using the pressure dewatering dry-cake method(PDDM) and centrifuge method. Also, the particle size distribution of coating pigment was determined. The results showed that small amount of organic pigment, added to inorganic pigment, improved smoothness and its effect was greater when GCC was used as inorganic pigment. The efficiency of organic pigment depended upon the inorganic pigment since the organic pigment is packed in the pores formed by the inorganic pigment.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

An extracellular pigment production of three Phellinus sp. (Phellinus 421, P. linteus and P. hartigil) through submerged cultivation was investigated. The maximum brown pigment from culture broth was obtained from the precipitate by addition of 10% 1M HCI solution. This precipitate showed absorption characteristics with ${\lambda}_{max}$ of 360nm. The maximum production of extracellular pigment obtained at optimum medium and culture condition was 3.54 ($A_{360}$). The precipitate was fractionated by Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, and the isolated brown pigment contained a large amount of polyphenol and the small amounts of sugar and protein. The brown pigment fraction was stable in temperature range of $30{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, pH range of $4{\sim}6$, sugar addition ranges of $1{\sim}5%$ and salt addition concentration of 3 molarity. Antioxidative activity of the brown pigment by TBA method was better than that of vitamin E (${\alpha}$-tocopherol).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2002

천연 황색소 생산을 위하여 Monascus anka Nakazawa et Sato IFO 4478(KCCM l1832 strain) 균주를 모균주로 하여 UV 조사 및 NTG(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine)처리 및 이들 방법을 병용하는 방법을 사용하여 모균주와는 색소생성 특성이 다르게 황색소를 단일성분으로 생성하는 변이주를 분리하고 그 특성을 조사하였다. leucine, cystein, aspartic acid, glutamic acid 와 asparagine 등 5종의 아미노산에 대한 영양요구주를 분리하였고 이중 asparagine 영양요구주 Y7은 colony 형태와 균사의 직경에서 약간의 차이를 나타내지만 전형적인 Monascus 균주의 특성을 지니고 있었으며 특히 유성생식에 의한 번식 특성이 강하여 색소 생성에 유리한 조건을 지니고 있었다. 그리고 Y7은 밝은 색조의 황색소를 단일 성분으로 생성하며 10대 이상의 계대배양에서도 색소 생성 특성이 안정하였고 색소 생성량이 모균주보다 약 2.2배 높은 값을 나타내고 있었다. 이때 생성된 황색소는 373 nm에서 단일 흡수 peak를 나타내고 물, 에탄올 등 극성용매에 대한 용해성이 높은 특성을 나타내며 생성된 색소의 대부분이 균체 밖으로 배출되는 특성을 지니고 있었다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2014

사찰의 단청 등 회화에 사용된 적색과 녹색안료에 대해 그 종류를 밝혀내고, 이들의 광물입자 특성을 관찰하여 서로 비교분석하고자 하였다. 성분분석 결과, 적색안료는 진사(Cinnabar)와 석간주(Hematite), 연단(Minium) 등 3가지 종류가 사용된 것으로 확인되었고, 녹색안료는 녹염동광(Atacamite)과 뇌록석(Celadonite) 그리고, 일부 석록(Malachite)이 확인되었다. 이는 사찰별로 독특한 안료를 사용하였다기 보다는 다양한 종류의 안료를 회화의 특성에 맞게 모두 이용하였음을 알 수 있다. 안료의 입자특성에서는 적색안료 중에서 같은 진사라 할지라도 매끄럽거나 길쭉하고 각진모양, 판상 등 자형(hedral) 또는 타형(anhedral)의 다양한 형태를 가지고 있으며, 이는 녹색안료에서도 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 특히 지금까지 안료의 성분과 결정구조분석을 통해 광물을 확인하는 방법이 주로 이용되어왔으나 이에 비해 입자의 형태적 특성을 이용하는 것이 색상과 종류가 유사한 안료 그룹내에서는 이들을 보다 세밀하게 구분할 수 있고, 인자화 하는데 유리한 방법일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1979

배양된 색소액으로부터 조색소의 생산, 물리적 성질, 생리적 성질을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 유기용매를 이용하여 Petroleum ether에서 황색계 조색소, 60％ ethanol에서 적색계 조색소를 얻었으며 배양액 100ml당 적색조색소 400mg, 황색조색소가 80 mg 정 도 생산되었다. 2) 배양된 색소액의 흡광도곡선은 495∼500nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타내었고 균사체를 파괴하여 추출한 균체내 색소의 최대 흡광도는 394∼403nm이었다. 3) Thin layer Chromatography에 의한 적색계 색소는 5가지 색소물질로 구성되어 있었고 황색계 색소는 1가지였으며 pH 안정성은 pH 3에서 pH 9까지 비교적 안정하였다. 4) 추출한 색소액의 용혈반응시험은 음성이었고 적색조색소의 항균력시험은 감수성이 없었으며 급성 시험의 결과에서는 독성이 없었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2010

Marine bacterium producing pigment was isolated from the solar saltern of Mijo-myeon, Namhae, Korea. Based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Kocuria sp., which produced a yellow pigment. The pigment showed UV absorption maximum at 469nm. The bacterial strain grew well on Marine broth 2216 culture medium. Productivity of the pigment reached the maximum value after 44 hours at $30^{\circ}C$, 2% NaCl and pH 6.0. The pigment was produced best when supplied by 1% lactose as a carbon source and 1% beef extract as a nitrogen source. The result of the color stability study showed that pigment extracted from the strain by ethanol was stable at $-20-25^{\circ}C$ and also showed higher stability over 70% for 14 days in light conditions at $25^{\circ}C$. The pigment extract was also stable for all metal ions tested, except for $FeCl_2$.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.169-172
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• 2000

Studies on extraction of red pigment was performed to provide the basic information for the utilization of red pigment as s new source of natural food colorant. A bacterium isolated from marine resources were carried out the test for excretion of red pigment. One strain of a marine bacterium, KSR-97 showed a high production of red pigment on the medium of colloidal chitin, peptone-yeast extract with minerals. In physicochemical and sensory properties in aqueous solution of red pigment was investigated at various condition of pH, temperature, concentration of ethanol and stability of storage. Potent antioxidative of red pigment was separated by thin layer chromatograpy, silica gel chromatography and reverse high performance liquid chromatography using ODS hypersil column.