• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2006

Effects of microencapsulated chitooligosaccharide addition in milk were evaluated by determination of the efficiency of microencapsulation, cholesterol removal, color, viscosity and sensory properties. Coating material was polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) and the efficiency of microencapsulation was 88.08% at a 10:1 ratio of coating to core materials (w/w). When 0.5% of microencapsulated chitooligosaccharide was added into milk, the color values (L, a, and b) and viscosity were significantly different from those of noncapsulated chitooligosaccharide-added groups (p<0.05). The release of chitooligosaccharide from microcapsules was 7.6% in milk at $4^{\circ}C$ for 15-day storage. In both 0.5 and 1.5% microencapsulation addition, the scores of all sensory characteristics except for off-flavor were significantly different between encapsulated chitooligosaccharide and noncapsulated chitooligosaccharide-added groups during all periods of storage. The present study indicated that chitooligosaccharide microcapsules could be applicable into commercial milk with little adverse effects on physical and sensory properties.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.597-601
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• 1999

Chitosan을 Bacillus pumilus BN-262 유래의 chito-sanase로 처리한 경우에는 trimet, tetramer, pentamer 가 전체 올리고당 중 64,3%에 달하는 비교적 저분자의 chitooligosaccharides로 구성괸 chitooligosacch-aride I을 얻을수 있었다 그러나 Trichoderma viride 유래의 cellulase로 처리한 경우에는 중합도 7이상의 것이 전체 올리고당 중 49.3% 에 달하는 상대적으로 분자량이 큰 chitooligosaccharides로 구성된 chitoolig-osaccharide II을 얻을수 있었다. 따라서 생리적 기능성이 높은 hexamer 이상의 chitooligosaccharides를 얻기 위해서는 chitosanase의 처리조건을 달리하여 분해가 덜 일어나도록 하거나 cellulase와 같은 효소를 처리함으로써 chitosan의 부분적인 분해를 유도하는 것이 필요하고 판단되었다. Chitin과 chitooligosac-charides의 응집성에 대하여 조사하였다 고분자의 chitosan은 2가 음이온을 함유하는 무기화합물 및 고분자의 유기화합물과 반응하여 응집이 일어났다. 분해가 많이 일어난 chitooligosaccharide I 은 무기물질과는 침전하지 않았으나 고분자화학불을 함유하는 유기화합물과는 반응하여 침전이 일어났다 분해가 적게 일어난 chitooligosaccharide II 는 2가 음이온을 함유하는 무기화합물 및 고분자의 유기화합물과 반응하여 침전이 일어났다.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 2003

Chitooligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolyzing of crab shell chitosan. Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharides(LMW-chitooligosaccharides), 64.3% of which was composed of trimer, tetramer, and pentamer, was obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with the chitosanase originated Bacillus pumilus BN-262. High molecular weight chitooligosaccharides(HMW-chitooligosaccharides), 49.3% of which was composed of chitooligosaccharides over heptamer, was obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with the cellulase originated Trichoderma viride. Acute oral toxicity of chitooligosaccharides were tested in mice. Chitooligosaccharides did not have any toxic effect in mice and oral LD$\_$50/ value of chitooligosaccharides was over 5.0g/kg in mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.693-696
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• 1998

Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of health applications. This study was performed to investigate some effects of water soluble chitooligosaccharides on liver function in the mouse. The animals given the sterol diet containing 3% cholesterol for 6 weeks showed increase in plasma cholesterol level, which were lowered by 23% when they were fed on 1% chotooligosaccharide. While there was no significant change in liver cholesterol and plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. Continuous administration of 15% ethanol via drinking water to mice for 8 weeks elicited pathological alterations such as inflammation, necrosis, accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver and increase in GPT activity, while simultaneous administration of ethanol and chitooligosaccharide prevented remarkedly ethanol-induced liver injury; there was no observable lipid droplet and GPT activity was decreased by 25% in the liver. These results suggest that chitooligosaccharide play some roles in liver function, such as reducing the plasma cholesterol level and preventing alcoholic liver disease.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.788-791
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• 2000

The quantitative analysis of chitooligosaccharide was compared to using colorimetry and HPLC method. HPLC method required less than 10mins per sample in analytical time of glucosamine and its the recovery rate was 98.4% (10 mg/ml, w/v). Also there was no the effects of interfering substances(false positive response) by HPLC method. The content of chitooligosaccharide in processed chitooligosaccharide products obtained using HPLC showed lower levels compared to colorimetry. Thus, HPLC method was more sensitive, effective and precise than the colorimetry currently used to determine the glucosamine of chitooligosaccharide.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.308-312
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of low molecular weight chitooligosaccharides were assessed. Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide evidenced no cytotoxicity in in vitro trials with the normal cell line, Vero E6(Africa green monkey kidney cell). The $IC_{50}$ of low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide was $923.20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide exhibited in vitro antineoplastic activity in five human tumor(lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, colon carcinoma, stomach carcinoma, breast carcinoma) cell lines. The $IC_{50}$ values of low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide on A549, J82, SNU-C4, SNU-1 and ZR75-1 were $477.42{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $480.40{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $436.84{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $373.55{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and $539.95{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.579-584
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• 2001

Chitooligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolyzing of crab shell chitosan. Low Molecular Meight chitooligosaccharides(LMW-chitooligosaccharides) , 64.3% of which was composed of trimer, tetramer, and pentamer, was obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with the chitosanase originated Bacillus pumilus BN -262. High Molecular Meight chitooligosaccharides ( HMW-chitooligosaccharides ) , 49.3% of which was composed of chitooligosaccharides over heptamer, was obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with the cellulase originated Trichoderma viride. Antimicrobial activity and colony forming inhibitory activity of chitooligosaccharides were tested. MIC of LMW-chitooligosaccharides against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Lactobacillus plantarum, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans was 1.5%, 1.5% above 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.5%, below 0.5%, 2.0%, 1.5%, above 2.0%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 1.0% respectively. .

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.127-127
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• 2001

Chitosan에 Ttichoderma viride 유래의 cellulase를 처리하여 효소분해함으로써 고분자량 chitooligosaccharides를 얻었다. 생산된 올리고당을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 octamer 이상의 것이 전체 올리고당 중 49.3%에 달하는 비교적 고분자 화합물로 구성된 chitooligosaccharides의 혼합물이었다. MTT검색법에 의하여 고분자량 chitooligosaccha- rides의 정상세포주와 암세포주에 대한 세포독성을 실험하였다. 정상세포주인 아프리카 초록원숭이의 신장세포에 대한 $IC_{50}$/(50% 저해농도)값은 1,107.95$\mu$g/ml로 정상세포에 대한 독성은 거의 없었다. 폐암세포주인 A549, 방광암세포주인 J82, 대장암세포주인 SNU-C4, 위암세포인 SNU-1, 유방암세포주인 ZR75-1에 대한 $IC_{50}$/값은 각각 421.06$\mu$g/ml, 417.99$\mu$g/ml, 445.54$\mu$g/ml, 380,65$\mu$g/ml, 460.49$\mu$g/ml로 in vitro 종양세포 증식억제 활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.809-816
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• 2002

Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin. Chitosan and its derivatives have many properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of health applications. This study was conducted to investigate change of oligosaccharide content and antiviral effect on rotavirus of chitooligosaccharide and water soluble chitosan after heat treatment. The quantitative analysis of oligosaccharide using colorimetry showed that oligosaccharide contents in water soluble chitosan and chitooligosaccharide were decreased from 62.67% to 60.45% and from 59.48% to 54.31%, respectively, after heating. The inhibitory effect of chitosan derivatives on MA-104 cell infected with human rotavirus(HRV) measured using AEC staining method. The inhibition level of 0.125% water-soluble chitosan against cell infection by human rotavirus was 91.98 3.09% in HRV S2 and was 89.92 1.68% in HRV Wa. But, chitooligosaccharide had not shown inhibitory effect against cell infection by HRV. It considered that most oligosaccharide of chitooligosaccharides consist of oligomer of lower polymerization degree. Heat treatment of water soluble chitosan and chitooligosaccharide did not influence their antiviral effects on rotavirus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.119-121
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• 2006

The antifungal activity of chitosan ($M.W.\;400,000{\sim}500,000$) and chitooligosaccharide ($M.W.\;3,500{\sim}5,000$) was investigated against Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Chitosan showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and T. rubrum at 50 and 100 ng/ml, respectively while chitooligosaccharide did not suppress the growth of fungus. The mode of antifungal activity of chitosan was found to be fungicidal activity. In order to investigate the induction of apoptosis by chitosan, exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane was observed by the FITC-annexin V reaction. The results showed that chitosan induced apoptosis on C. albicans.