• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.236-239
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• 2012

The aim of present study was to investigate the possible influence and the related mechanism of Cinnamomum cassia derived-cinnamaldehyde on the inflammation or nociception. Cinnamomum cassia was referred to be treated for common cold or dyspepsia in the traditional medicine. However, there are no reports on the antinociceptive or anti-inflammatory properties of cinnamaldehyde, the primary ingredient of Cinnamomum cassia. We hypothesized that cinnamaldehyde would play a role in the modulation of inflammation or nociception evoked by carrageenan, acetic acid or heat. Male Institute of Cancer Research mice were used and the size of edema, frequency of writhing and latency of abnormal behaviors such as licking, flicking, shaking or jumping were measured and recorded. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of cinnamaldehyde. The administration of cinnamaldehyde (30 and 100 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema only at the final phase, suggesting the blockade of synthesis or release of prostaglandins. It also reduced the frequency of the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex in mice. In addition, the administration of cinnamaldehyde prolonged the latency for extraordinary reaction at the hot plate in mice. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and is a potential therapeutic for inflammation and nociception.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 2007

Gelidium corneum films were prepared using cinnamaldehyde as a cross-linking agent and their physical properties were determined. Tensile strength (TS) value of the film containing 0.01% cinnamaldehyde was higher than the control by 8.31 MPa. However, increasing cinnamaldehyde from 0.01% to 0.1% significantly decreased TS from 9.54 MPa to 0.03 MPa, and no film was formed at 1% cinnamaldehyde. On the contrary, when cinnamaldehyde content was increased from 0.01% to 0.1%, % elongation was increased from 1.44% to 2.75%. Water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film containing 0% and 0.01% cinnamaldehyde were 1.64 ng m/m$^2$sPa and 1.42 ng m/m$^2$sPa, respectively. There was no significant difference in Hunter values among treatments. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that both cinnamaldehyde and control films had similar surfaces. These results suggest that 1.5% Gelidium corneum treated with 0.01% cinnamaldehyde should be the most suitable condition for film formation.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2022

The hot water extract from cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia Presl) inhibited the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) with IC₅₀ value of 45.6 ㎍/mL. The ADH inhibitory components in cinnamon extract were relatively stable to acid and heat, but were found to be volatile. The optimum temperature and time for extracting the ADH inhibitory components from cinnamon were 80 ℃ and 2 h, respectively. Among the essential oils of cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde was the main substance for ADH inhibition. Cinnamaldehyde is considered a competitive inhibitor of ethanol to ADH. Therefore, the cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde showed the potential to be used as natural materials for relieving symptoms of a hangover.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.4 s.87
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• pp.525-530
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• 1998

Antifungal activities of cinnamaldehyde derivatives against various fungi were investigated using paper disc diffusion method. Among the derivatives tested, ${\alpha}-chlorocinnamaldehyde$ was stronger than cinnamaldehyde in antifungal activity and was effective in inhibiting the growth of the representative fungi of dermatomycosis with minimum inhibitory concentration of $9.76{\sim}19.5\;{\mu}g/ml$. A comparison of antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde derivatives revealed that antifungal action of cinnamaldehyde might be related to a basic structure of acrolein.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant defense system of cinnamaldehyde in normal, diabetic rats and its possible protection of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells against its gradual loss under diabetic conditions. In vitro free radical scavenging effect of cinnamaldehyde was determined using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl), superoxide radical, and nitric oxide radical. Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats were orally administered with cinnamaldehyde at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, the levels of plasma lipid peroxides and antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, ceruloplasmin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were determined. A significant increase in the levels of plasma glucose, vitamin E, ceruloplasmin, and lipid peroxides and significant decrease in the levels of plasma insulin and reduced glutathione were observed in the diabetic rats. Also the activities of pancreatic antioxidant enzymes were altered in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. The altered enzyme activities were reverted to near-normal levels after treatment with cinnamaldehyde and glibenclamide. Histopathological studies also revealed a protective effect of cinnamaldehyde on pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells. Cinnamaldehyde enhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic conditions and thus protects pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells against their loss and exhibits antidiabetic properties.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of TRPA1 in the cinnamaldehyde-induced pulpal blood flow (PBF) change in the feline dental pulp. Materials and Methods: Mandibles of eight cats were immobilized and PBF was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmetry at the mandibular canine tooth. To evaluate the effect of cinnamaldehyde on PBF, cinnamaldehyde was injected into the pulp through the lingual artery at a constant rate for 60 seconds. As a control, a mixture of 70% ethanol and 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, vehicle) was used. To evaluate the involvement of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in PBF change, AP18, a specific TRPA1 antagonist, was applied into the pulp through the Class V dentinal cavity followed by cinnamaldehyde-administration 3 minutes later. The paired variables of experimental data were statistically analyzed using paired t-test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Administration of cinnamaldehyde (0.5 mg/kg, intra-arterial [i.a.]) induced significant increases in PBF (p < 0.05). While administration of a TRPA1 antagonist, AP18 (2.5 - 3.0 mM, into the dentinal cavity [i.c.]) caused insignificant change of PBF (p > 0.05), administration of cinnamaldehyde (0.5 mg/kg, i.a.) following the application of AP18 (2.5 - 3.0 mM, i.c.) resulted in an attenuation of PBF increase from the control level (p < 0.05). As a result, a TRPA1 antagonist, AP18 effectively inhibited the vasodilative effect of cinnamaldehyde (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The result of the present study provided a functional evidence that TRPA1 is involved in the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde-induced vasodilation in the feline dental pulp.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.555-562
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to develop a stable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for trans-cinnamaldehyde, a known antibacterial and antifungal agent. A simultaneous analytical method was established for quantification of trans-cinnamaldehyde and its degradant, cinnamic acid. Various surfactants were applied to assess their effect on the aqueous solubility of trans-cinnamaldehyde, and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were plotted. Of the various formulations tested, the liquid SMEDDS composed of trans-cinnamaldehyde (oil), Cremophor EL (surfactant) and Transcutol P (cosurfactant) at a volume ratio of 10/70/20, produced the smallest emulsion droplet size (around 23 nm). The stability test determined the superior stability of the trans-cinnamaldehyde SMEDDS with constant trans-cinnamaldehyde content and z-average diameter of emulsion, under accelerated and heat stressed condition. Thus, we believe that this novel trans-cinnamaldehyde SMEDDS formulation has the potential to be applied for the development of trans-cinnamaldehyde medicines in the pharmaceutical industry.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2020

As the interest in oral health is increasing with quality of life. The most representative oral diseases include dental caries, periodontal disease, and malocclusion, as well as dry mouth and oral mucosa. Cinnamaldehyde have an antioxidant effect that has been studied not only to treat rheumatism and hypertension, but also to protect liver, and gastrointestinal tract, but there are few studies related to the control of oral diseases. The purpose of this study was the effect of enhanced orofacial pain when oral administration of cinnamaldehyde in the oral diseases. Cinnamaldehyde (5, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) orally administered at a dose of 1 mL, and the change in biological response was confirmed after a week. In addition, 5% formalin (30, 50 μL) was injected into TMJ and subcutaneous areas of the whiskers of rats to observe the change in the threshold of the improved orofacial pain model. As a result of the experiment, in the xerostomia model, drinking water was decreased in the cinnamaldehyde-administered group, feed intake and weight increased, and saliva was also increased compared to the naïve group. In particular, the most significant increase trend was observed at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/kg. In addition, it was confirmed that the pain behavioral response of the orofacial area improved by oral diseases decreased depending on the concentration of cinnamaldehyde. Based on these results, cinnamaldehyde effectively reduced symptoms related to xerostomia and showed improved pain relief in the orofacial areas.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.407-413
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• 1997

The antimutagenic mechanism of cinnamaldeyde on mutagenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO) and N-metyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was investigated in various DNA repair-deficient strains, E. coli B/r and K-12 series. Cinnamaldehyde did not show any effects not only on the $\beta$-galactosidase activities of GW1060 and GW1103(recA441) which synthesizes $\beta$-galactosidase consitutively at 41$^{\circ}C$ but also on that of GW1107[lexA51 (Def)] in which the SOS response always occur. These results suggest that cinnamaldehyde dose not change the function of RecA which positively controls the SOS response as well as not acting as the repressor like LexA. In addition, no inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde was observed on the growth of Trp+ revertant and the delay of viable cell growth was also not found by adding cinnamaldehyde. Despite the decrease in the number of revertants, a significant increase in survival of 4-NQO treated cells was observed in E. coli WP2s(uvrA), ZA159($\Delta$uvrB) and TK603(uvrA). But these effects disappeared in excision-proficient strain WP2(uvrA+) and lexA-deficient strains(CM561 and CM611). The enhancement of survival was not found in WP67(uvrA polA) deficient in polymerase I which ligates the gap between complementary DNA. From the above results, we assume that cinnamaldehyde might show antimutagenic effect by enhancing an error-free recombinational repair system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.239-241
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• 1992

The methanol extract of Cinnamoni Cortex showed antibacterial action against cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176. The active principle of the extract was identified to be trans-cinnamaldehyde, which was bactericidal in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of $100\;\mu$g/ml against the strain. From the results of antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives, the acrolein group in the cinnamaldehyde was elucidated to be an essential element for the activity.