• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.813-819
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• 2001

The microstructure and the distribution of hardness of Co and A1 alloy powder cladding layer in high carbon 9CrSi alloy steel for roll materials cladded by laser surface cladding were investigated. And, for the evaluation of soundness as the roll materials, we examined the wear resistance of the cladding materials with the wear appratus of pin on disc type. The experimental results showed that the microstructure of laser cladding layer was constituted with the clad surface layer, the alloy layer, the heat treatment layer with base metal. The wear resistance of Ni alloy Powder cladding material was superior to that of Co alloy powder cladding material both at the low speed (0.46m/s) and the high speed(0.92m/s). It seemed that the behavior of wear showed the abrasive wear at the early stage and the adhesive wear at the late stage.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.120-122
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• 2006

This study deals with characterizations of microstructure and wear performance of a cladding layer, product on 1.9 mm-thick mild steel plate by the electric resistance welding, of composite metal powder of Coarse WC-6.5%Co and high carbon alloy(SHA). The cladding layer was examined and tested fur microstructural features, chemical composition, hardness, wear performance and wear mechanism. The cladding layer have two different matrix were observed by an optical microscope and EPMA. The one was the coarse WC-6.5Co structure. The other was the melted SHA with surrounding the WC-6.5Co structure. The hardness of WC-6.5Co was 1210HV. The hardness of SHA was 640HV. In comparison by wear rate, the cladding layer showed the remarkable wear performance that was 15 times of SM490 and about 62% of D2.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2000

Laser cladding processing allows rapid transfer of heat to the material being processed with minimum conduction into base metal, resulting in low total heat input. The effects of Nd:YAG laser cladding with wire feeding on the mechanical properties of Inconel alloy were investigated. inconel alloy is used as the material of nuclear steam generator tubing because of its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance properties. The device for Nd:YAG laser cladding with wire feeding was designed. It consists of the wire feeding system, the wire cladding system and the shielding gas system which prevents the clad layer from being oxidized. Experimental as results indicated that the wire feeding direction and position were important for laser cladding with wire feeding. The wire feeding speed should be adapted according to cladding speed for good shaping of clad layer. The effect of heat on the HAZ size can be limited and the growth of grain size of HAZ size was not serious. The hardness of clad layer and heat affected zone increased with increasing of cladding speed.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.72-77
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• 2007

This study deals with characterizations of microstructure and wear performance of a cladding layer, product on 1.9 mm-thick mild steel plate by the electric resistance welding, of composite metal powder of Coarse WC-6.5%Co and high carbon alloy (SHA). The cladding layer was examined and tested for microstructural features, chemical composition, hardness, and bondability. The cladding layer have two different matrix were observed by an optical microscope and EPMA. The one was the coarse WC-6.5Co structure. The other was the melted SHA with surrounding the WC-6.5Co structure. The hardness of WC-6.5Co was 1210HV. The hardness of SHA was 640HV.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.175-181
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• 2019

A failed spent fuel rod with 53,000 MWd/tU from a nuclear power plant was characterized, and the fission products and oxygen layer in the pellet-clad mechanical interaction region were observed using an EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer). A sound fuel rod burned under similar conditions was used to compare and analyze, the results of the failed fuel rod. In the failed fuel rod, the oxide layer represented $10{\mu}m$ of the boundary of the cladding, and $35{\mu}m$ of the region outside the cladding. By comparison, in the sound fuel rod, the oxide layer was $8{\mu}m$, observed in the cladding boundary region. The cladding inner surface corrosion and the resulting fuel-cladding bonding were investigated using an EPMA. Zirconium existed in the bonding layer of the (U, Zr)O compound beyond the pellet cladding interaction gap of $20{\mu}m$, and composition of UZr2O3 was observed in the failed fuel rod. This paper presents the results of the EPMA examination of a spent fuel specimen, and a technique to analyze fission products in the pellet-clad mechanical interaction region.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.481-485
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• 2001

Laser cladding processing allows rapid transfer of heat to the material being processed with minimum conduction into base metal. The effect of $CO_2$ laser cladding with high viscosity mixed powders was investigated. High viscosity mixed powder consists of bronze powder and flux that is used at a high temperature condition. The mixed powder has a high viscosity that it can be easily pasted over a curved or slope substrate. The device for mixed powder was designed and manufactured. It consists of the high viscosity mixed powder feeding system, the preheating system and the shielding gas system which prevents the clad layer from being oxidized. The results of experiment indicated that the feed rate of high viscosity mixed powder was important for later cladding with mixed powder feeding. The high viscosity mixed powder and substrate must be preheated to prevent porosity from breaking at the clad layer. The experimental result shows that the high viscosity mixed can be applied for laser cladding process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2015

This study was investigated to develop process technology of laser cladding with austenite stainless steel for Weld Inlay repair of dissimilar metal weld in reactor vessel in/outlet nozzles. Weld Inlay experiments were performed by laser cladding repair system consisting of common manipulator, laser apparatus and welding process scheduler, etc. Single pass welding experiments were conducted in order to obtain the optimum welding process parameters for filler wires of ER309L and Alloy 52M before multi-layer laser cladding. Based on the above obtained results, multi-layer laser cladding experiments were carried out, and welding qualities for weld specimens were estimated by PT, OM, SEM and EDS analysis. Consequently, it was revealed that multi-layer laser cladding on austenite stainless steel using filler wires of ER309L and Alloy 52M could be possible to meet ASME Code standard without any weld defect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.160-163
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• 2002

Silica waveguide for an integrated diffractive optical head system was designed and fabricated. The waveguide was designed to optimize the optical efficiency of red and/or blue laser source, and a lab-made RF magnetron sputter was adopted to deposit silica cladding and core layers on SiO$_2$/Si substrates. The cladding and core layers were formed using commercial targets, and the former was done with ＃7740 and the latter with BK7 and BAK4, respectively The surface roughness of the waveguide layers was measured to be 30.3${\AA}$ for BK7 and 17.8${\AA}$ for BAK4, and the difference of refractive indices between core and cladding layers was 0.9% and 2.5%, respectively. The waveguide fabricated with the core layer of BK7 showed better optical properties when the final diffractive optical probe heads were measured with red laser(650nm) source.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2017

Re-engineering is gaining attention due to severe environmental pollution and economic crisis. Although re-engineering in shipbuilding has been carried out steadily, technological advancements, domestic ship repair and maintenance industries are not as prevalent as shipbuilding industries. In order to solve this problems, laser cladding can significantly aid with technical development. Laser cladding produces an outstanding clad layer with minimal dilution and little porosity. In this study, prior to applying laser cladding to an exhaust valve face, the effects of various parameters that affect the characteristics of the 1 pass clad layer were investigated. When laser power was increased, the clad layer width became broader and the height was decreased. In addition, it was identified that the hardness of the clad layer was inversely proportional to the power, and the entire clad layer was diluted through an EDS chemical composition analysis.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.53-56
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• 2017

Laser cladding is a technique for forming beads by melt-sintering with a laser while directly feeding metal powder onto the base material through nozzles. This technique, which is applied in laser surface treatment technology, is useful for repairing broken or worn parts by allowing selective formation of the surface layer of the base metal material. In this paper, laser cladding process was performed on STS316L powder using high power continuous wave laser with IR wavelength and the cladding characteristics according to process conditions were experimentally analyzed.