• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 2010

The most useful criteria and selection procedures of biological indicators have been developed in Korea because they have taken into account local and national concerns on biological responses against climate change. On the basis of these criteria and selection procedures, 100 climate-sensitive biological indicator species were selected to predict biodiversity distribution shift by climate change and manage biological resources integratedly at the national level. It is expected that selection and monitoring of biological indicators by climate change will provide significant information to prepare protective strategies of vulnerable species against climate change and adaptive policies under the changing environment in Korea. In this paper, we have reviewed what kinds of criteria were considered in selecting bioindicators to assess responses of biological organisms against climate change. Definition and selection steps of bioindicators were proposed, and the 100 species of climate- sensitive biological indicators were selected out of 33,253 taxa reported in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.393-405
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• 2023

This study was conducted to select indicators for assessing national biodiversity. For this purpose, 140 biodiversity-related indicators were identified as a result of inventorying biodiversity-related indicators used in Korea and abroad, and when these indicators were applied to the pressure, status, and response indicator system, it was found that status indicators accounted for the largest number of indicators, with 29 pressure, 59 status, and 44 response. We also categorized the status indicators into genes, species, habitat, function, and quality, and found that species and habitat indicators accounted for the majority. Pressure indicators were categorized into direct exploitation, pollution, alien species, climate change, and habitat change. As a result, it was found that direct exploitation and pollution accounted for most of the pressure indicators. In addition, this study used internationally used indicator selection criteria to establish criteria for selecting domestic biodiversity assessment indicators. Using this list of indicators and indicator selection criteria, we evaluated the prioritization of domestically applicable biodiversity indicators through relevant expert consultations. 1) Vegetation class, 2) Land cover indicators, and 3) Change of protected area ranked highly. In fact, these indicators have been used in many studies due to the availability of assessable data. However, most of the highly scored indicators are based on ecosystem area, and further consideration of ecosystem functions and components(species) is needed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.379-383
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• 2015

Indicators of environmental conditions describe the state of the environment and the quantity and quality of natural resources. This study deduced the evaluation items to assess each sub-indicator for agricultural water quality and conducted the surveying using the Delphi method based on agricultural water quality experts. Considering its importance, environmental, state, and management indicators showed that state indicator such as COD concentration for surface water and $NO_3-N$ concentration for groundwater was ranked as first and followed by amount of fertilizer. Its indicators were correlated with state and environmental indicators in surface water and groundwater. The best management indicators were calculated to assess the agricultural surface water and ground water quality. The indicator could be used in established policies for management and conservation of water resources.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.789-798
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• 2011

Climate change assessment, together with climate change adaptation process, would be one of the worldwide important issues, and the study on climate change vulnerability indicator has been an essential problem for climate change adaptation. Vulnerability indicator can be used as a good tool to estimate the impact of climate change and to map out the distribution of its vulnerability over the given area both in Korea and other countries. This study addressed the conceptual summary on the assessment of climate change and its adaptation process. Previous studies on how to yield the vulnerability indicators of climate change are reviewed and several previous results of vulnerability indicators applied to Korean provinces are also discussed here.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.97-107
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• 2021

Abnormal climate caused by climate change causes enormous social and economic damage. And such damage and its impact may vary depending on the location and regional characteristics of the region and the social and economic conditions of local residents. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor whether there are indicators that are weaker than other regions among the detailed indicators that constitute the risk, exposure and vulnerability of climate change risk. In this study, the concept of climate change risk was used for heatwave to determine regional inequality of climate change risk. In other words, it was judged that inequality in climate change risk occurred in regions with high risk but high exposure and low vulnerability compared to other regions. As a result of the analysis, it was found that 13 local governments in Korea experienced regional inequality in climate change risk. In order to resolve regional inequality in climate change risks, the current status of regional inequality in climate change should be checked based on the analysis proposed in this study, there is a need for an evaluation and monitoring system that can provide appropriate feedback on areas where inequality has occurred. This continuous evaluation and monitoring-based feedback system is expected to be of great help in resolving regional inequality in climate change risks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2019

As the impacts of climate change have been emerged all the way through society, the potential risks specifically on agricultural water and facilities are recently getting concerned. Evaluating vulnerability of agriculture to climate change on is a time-tested strategy. While a number of researches on the adaption and mitigation of climate change were performed in various aspects for sustainable agricultural production, the vulnerability of management system for agricultural water and infrastructure has not been investigated yet. This study is aimed to clarify the definition of vulnerability to climate change, find the major indicators able to presume the vulnerability, and finally determine the relative importance of the indicators based on the specialist questionnaire survey and its analyses. The lists of indicators for major parts of agricultural water management such as, water use, flood control, reservoir related issues, and pumping and drainage systems are initialized referring to the related precedent studies. The primary survey was conducted in the form of Delphi to complement the list and methods and the main survey was then conducted using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique to quantitatively prioritize the indicators. The results derived in this study would be directly adopted in weighting importance of indicators to investigate the indicator-based vulnerability analysis to climate change in agricultural water and infrastructure management.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.357-368
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• 2018

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, requires global mitigation actions by all countries, whether they are developed or developing countries. All member countries prepared and communicated a greenhouse gas reduction target, formally called the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). There has been some concern regarding whether the INDCs communicated are sufficient to achieve the emissions reduction needed to hold the increase in global temperature to $2^{\circ}C$ above pre-industrial levels. How to address this emissions gap in an equitable and fair manner remains controversial. Beginning in the year 2023, global stocktaking under the Paris Agreement will be performed by the Conference of the Parties to assess progress towards temperature goals. The present study, based on various composite indicators reflecting equity, fairness, ability and efficiency, analyzed the GHG reduction targets of eleven major countries and the ambitiousness of these targets. Employing share indicators and comparative ratio indicators (resulting in eight composite indicators), this study showed that when share indicators are applied, Korea's appropriate reduction requirement rate is relatively low at 1~2%. However, when comparative ratio indicators are applied, Korea's appropriate reduction requirement rate increases dramatically to 6~11%. In a similar vein, when share indicators are applied, Korea's 2030 target is very ambitious compared to other countries, while the opposite is seen with comparative ratio indicators. This strongly suggests that Korea needs to apply more share indicators than comparative ratio indicators when discussing the equitable and ambitious role of Korea in the climate debate.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2018

Climate technology applied to address climate change requires a comprehensive review such as environmental and social acceptability in addition to economic feasibility. Not only mitigation and adaptation technologies, but also integration of climate technologies into a business model with other relevant technologies including ICT, finance, and policy instruments could enhance technical, economic, and environmental performances to respond to climate changes. However, many climate projects (and business models) are currently not designed to consider adequately complex climate?related issues. In addition, there is a lack of research on assessment systems that can comprehensively evaluate business feasibility of such models. In this study, we developed a system consisting of nine major indicators in four fields to assess climate technology-based business models. Each indicator was weighed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for systematic assessment of business models. The process can be utilized as a tool to guide improvement of climate technology business models.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2010

In this study, vulnerability of water resources to climate change was assessed in terms of flood, drought and water management. Criteria and indicators were employed for assessing the vulnerability. The criteria used to assess the vulnerability was sensitivity of the study area, the exposure to climate and the adaptability to climate change. These criteria were quantified and standardized using corresponding indicators. Vulnerability of water resources to climate change is assessed to be generally increasing over time. The appropriate watershed scales are the large drainage basin for national level vulnerability assessment and the small drainage basin for local one.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.63-69
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• 2009

Climate change has influenced on various sectors including ecosystem, water resource, natural hazards and health and so on. Thus, it is essential to more accurately assess climate change impact and prepare adaptation strategy. However, it is difficult to assess for climate change impact on various sectors with integrated form due to various data format by sectors. In this study, we prepared criteria and indicators for assessing climate change impact and integrated GIS based data which in correspond to indicators based on spatio-temporal information using GIS. Finally we suggest a guideline to assess vulnerability of each sectors to climate change based on integrated spatio-temporal information.