• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2013

Although closed soilless culture is useful for saving water and fertilizers with minimizing environmental pollution, adequate management of nutrient solutions is still not stabilized in greenhouse cultivation. In order to investigate the problems occurred in closed soilless culture of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Fiesta), we compared ion balance, fruit yield, and the water and fertilizer use efficiencies in the closed system with those in the open system. The plants were grown in rockwool culture with a nutrient solution of EC $2.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. After 4 weeks of treatment, individual ratio of $NO{_3}^-$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ to total ion concentrations ($meq{\cdot}L^{-1}$) decreased from the initial value, especially the biggest decrement was observed in $K^+$, and on the other hand, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, and $Na^+$ were accumulated in the closed system. Yields after four-time harvests were 19% higher in the open system than in the closed system. Total volume of water used per unit area ($m^2$) in the open system was 20% higher, but the total water use per fruit was not significantly different between the two systems, while t total fertilizer use per fruit was 78% higher in the closed system. Amount of marketable fruits was not significantly different between the two systems. We concluded that the increase in $K^+$ supply and the replenishment of recycled nutrient solution every four weeks were required for preventing the imbalance or depletion of nutrients in the close soilless culture of paprika plants to get more balanced nutrient composition during whole cultivation period.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.125-125
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• 2003

Recirculating aquaculture systems consist of different treatment compartments that maintain water quality within the ranges of commonly recommended for fish culture. This paper presents the common considerations in designing different treatment compartments as well as the engineering criteria in designing closed recirculating aquaculture system including a circular tank for fish culture, a sedimentation basin and a foam fractionator for solids removal, two styrofoam bead filters for TAN removal, a sand filter for nitrate removal, and aerators. The main purpose is to outline a common procedure in designing of closed recirculating aquaculture system for marine fish culture.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2021

본 연구는 관계적 접근으로 문화와 삶의 위험한 거리의 문제를 탐구하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 문화와 삶의 각자의 거리와 닫힌 거리를 통해 문화와 삶의 위험성의 경로와 메커니즘을 파악한다. 발견된 내용은 닫힌 문화와 닫힌 삶의 구조가 문화와 삶의 거리를 위험하게 만들고 위험한 문화와 삶을 만드는 요인이라는 것이다. 이러한 사실은 문화와 삶의 각자의 거리가 닫힌 거리로 나아가는 과정에 각자성이 작용한다는 것을 보여준다. 아울러 문화와 삶의 서로의 거리가 가능성을 가져야 위험한 거리의 문제가 해소가능성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 진정한 서로의 거리는 문화와 삶이 동시적으로 열린 조건충족성을 가질 수 있어야 되나 실제에 있어 그것이 오히려 위험한 거리를 야기하는 경로와 메커니즘이 된다는 사실을 발견하였다. 이러한 점에서 '단층위험성'이 아니라 '다층위험성'의 개념을 제안하였다. 또한 문화와 삶에 작용하는 위험성의 해소를 위해서는 '인식의 위험성의 중요성'이 발견되었다. '인식의 위험성'이 '현상의 위험성'을 낳는다는 사실이 확인되었다. 나아가 건강한 문화와 삶을 위해 본래적 인식이 요청된다는 것을 주장하였다. 각자의 거리를 넘어서 서로의 거리로 나아가는 열린 인식이 강조되었다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2018

본 연구는 관계적 접근으로 대중문화흐름 속의 청소년문화를 탐구하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 대중문화의 흐름속에서 청소년문화의 관계를 파악하였다. 이를 통하여 청소년문화의 의미와 실천과제가 확인되었는데, 그것의 주요내용은 청소년문화가 가능성을 갖는 문화적 의미를 갖는다는 사실이다. 수동적인 문화나 수신자 문화, 소비자의 문화가 아니라 능동적인 문화와 발신자의 문화, 생산자의 문화적 성격을 갖는 문화라는 점이다. 아울러 대중문화의 흐름 속에서 새로운 가능성을 갖는 문화로서의 청소년문화의 실천과제는 인식적 실천과제와 제도적 실천과제 속에서 접근되어야 함이 발견되었다. 청소년문화의 인식적 실천의 중요성은 대중문화의 접근시각의 중요성으로 드러난다. 청소년문화가 배제적 관점 속에서 접근되는 것은 닫힌 청소년문화의 한계성을 가져오는 반면, 수렴적 관점 속에서 접근될 수 있어야 열린 청소년문화의 가능성이 수반될 수 있다. 따라서 청소년문화의 열린 가능성은 열린 관점에 의한 열린 문화의 개념 속에서 새로운 가능성을 가질 것이다. 그것은 작은 협의의 문화개념이 아닌 큰 광의의 문화개념 속에서 열려진다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2024

본 연구는 넷플릭스의 <오징어 게임>을 대상으로 한국어와 영어 폐쇄자막(closed caption)의 정확성과 완전성을 평가하고 이에 따른 시사점을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 미연방통신위원회(FCC), DCMP, 한국방송통신위원회의 페쇄자막 지침을 파악하고 분석 항목을 분류하였다. <오징어 게임> 전편의 자막을 추출해 비교 분석한 결과, 정확성 측면의 경우 한국어 폐쇄자막은 비속어와 호칭은 정확하게 제시하고 있으나, 화자 식별에서는 존재하지 않는 정보를 미리 제시하는 문제점이 관찰되었다. 영어 폐쇄자막의 경우 화자 식별 지침은 준수하고 있으나 비속어 생략과 호칭 오역의 문제가 있었다. 완전성 측면에서는 한국어와 영어 폐쇄자막 모두 일부가 생략되는 문제가 관찰되었다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위해서는 검수 과정을 강화하고, 번역 과정에서 발견한 원문의 문제점을 소통하는 체계를 마련하며, 영어 일반자막을 활용할 것을 제안한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2018

Background Despite the increasing popularity of prosthetic breast reconstruction, scant data exist on the microbiological profile of drainage fluid from closed-suction drains and the relationship thereof to surgical-site infections (SSIs) in breast reconstruction surgery. This study aimed to determine whether bacteria isolated from drainage fluid were associated with the development of SSIs, and whether the bacterial profile of drainage fluid could be a clinically useful predictor of SSIs. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 61 women who underwent tissue expander/implant or direct-to-implant reconstructions. Patient demographics and culture studies of drainage fluid from suction drains collected on postoperative day 7 were evaluated. Results Sixteen patients (26.23%) were culture-positive, and 45 patients (73.77%) were culture-negative. The most frequently isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. SSIs were diagnosed in seven patients and were mostly resolved by systemic antibiotics; however, the tissue expander or implant was explanted in two patients. Positive culture of drainage fluid from closed-suction drains was significantly associated with the development of SSIs (P<0.05). The positive predictive value was 37.50%, and the negative predictive value was 97.78%. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate a significant association between the microbiological profile of drainage fluid from closed-suction drains and the development of SSIs in patients with prosthetic breast reconstructions. The high negative predictive value suggests that microbial testing of drainage fluid from closed-suction drains may have clinical utility. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2005

The oxygen solubilized device(O.S.D) and standardized microorganism culture system is more efficient than physical and chemical purification techniques in closed water. This study was to determine how the O.S.D and standardized culture system is efficient in purification capacity in closed water based on the lab scale and pilot plant. In the batch test, inducing the quantitative results from pilot plant operation condition, removal efficiency of COD and TN were about 48.3% and 35% respectively, while SS and chlorophyll-a were 94.9% and 68.7%. The pilot plant results showed that suspended solid(SS) and chlorophyll-a removal efficiency were 60% and 59% respectively, due to coagulation characteristics by standardized culture. Total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP)showed good effect for the purification of target pond water quality from field data. Additionally, released velocity was determined in control condition of $5.31mgPO{_4}^{3-}{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$ and $2486.8mgCOD{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$. Otherwise, phosphate and COD reflux in the aeration and microorganism condition was showed $-9.95mgPO{_4}^{3-}{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$ and $-397.88mgCOD{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$. This technology is the most effective not only removal of SS and chlorophyll-a but also control of phosphate and COD release which is very important phenomena in evaluating water quality in closed water like a reservoir and pond.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2012

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of various organic substrates on growth and yield of ginseng seedling grown organically in the closed plastic house. The pH and EC of substrates used for organically ginseng cultivation ranged 5.93~6.78 and 0.03~0.15 dS/m respectively. The concentrations $NH_4$-N and $NO_3$-N respectively was 14.01~68.63 mg/L, 5.60~58.83 mg/L. The average quantum of the closed plastic house was range from 10 to 16% of natural light. In July and August, the maximum temperature of the closed plastic house did not exceed 30 and the average temperature was maintained within 25 lower than the field because air conditioning ran. The PPV-1 and PPV-2 bed soil substrates produced higher stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight and leaf area than those of conventional culture. In PPV-2 bed soil substrates, root fresh weight and root diameter was the highest. The root fresh weight of PPV-2 bed soil substrates in closed plastic house was maximum 25% heavier than the conventional cultivation. The results of this experiment will be utilized for making new substrate application for organic ginseng culture in the plastic house.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2023

Although user satisfaction and activation are noting new, factors related to user emotion have been a part of the important subject shared by most people for management. But few studies have known in culture and welfare facilities using closed rural schools. The samples were collected through self-completed a questionnaires, a total of 322 users data were identified by SPSS 25.0 and frequency and descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed. The main results are as follows: 1) General user satisfaction of culture and welfare facilities using closed rural schools reach a total or 8.52 points(out of a total of 10 points), 2) significant factors related to user satisfaction are comparative satisfaction, recognition of contribution to the local economy, age, job. A key insight from these results is that most users are satisfied with the culture and welfare facilities using closed rural schools. And relationship between user satisfaction and a variety of variables indicates the essential for differentiation and utilization of services. It is necessary to implement several practical and political strategies taking the context and the needs of users as a way of enhancing the urban and rural welfare services.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2023

This study aims to provide implications for Korea's efficient application policies for closed schools by identifying the current status of how closed schools are revitalized in Japan and their supportive measures. In Japan, a total of 2,215 schools have closed from 1992 to 2001, and 8,580 schools from 2002 to 2020, with 10,709 closures occurring from 1992 to 2020. The average number is about 369 per year. In terms of the overall trend, the number of closed schools have been put into use and the numbers have increased from 70% in 2013 to 74% in 2020. To summarize the characteristics of the use, first, there is a complex phenomenon in which the use of closed schools are becoming more diverse. Second, closed schools are most often revitalized as educational facilities for residents, followed by social sports facilities, social education facilities and cultural facilities. Third, the use of closed schools in the industries are increasing as they are used as "corporal facilities and start-up support facilities". In order to promote the use of closed schools, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan promoted the simplification and elasticity of property disposal procedures in 2008. Since 2010, the disclosure of information on closed facilities and matching service between providers and users have been unified through the "Let's Connect to the Future ~ Closed School for All" project. The Cabinet Office including the four offices, and five central governments are advocating the use of closed schools by promoting subsidy support projects.