• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.577-592
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• 2017

A computing procedure is presented to predict the ultimate behavior of prestressed beams under torsion. This computing procedure is based on an extension of the Variable Angle Truss-Model (VATM) to cover both longitudinal and transversal prestressed beams. Several constitutive relationships are tested to model the behavior of the concrete in compression in the struts and the behavior of the reinforcement in tension (both ordinary and prestress). The theoretical predictions of the maximum torque and corresponding twist are compared with some results from reported tests and with the predictions obtained from some codes of practice. One of the tested combinations of the relationships for the materials was found to give simultaneously the best predictions for the resistance torque and the corresponding twist of prestressed beams under torsion. When compared with the predictions from some codes of practice, the theoretical model which incorporates the referred combination of the relationships provides best values for the torsional strength and leads to more optimized designs.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.377-382
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• 2004

The dynamic material characteristics on some mild steel sheets were observed. The dynamic tests were conducted on the ESH servo-hydraulic test machine. It was observed that the mechanical properties of mild steel are highly sensitive to the value of strain rate. The well known Cowper-Symonds constitutive equation was used to generalize the strain rate sensitivity effect. Modified constitutive equations were suggested to couple the strain hardening to the strain rate sensitivity. The dynamic stress-strain relationships for the mild steel sheets used in the present study were reasonably predicted using these modified constitutive equations.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

A progressive failure analysis procedure for composite laminates is developed in here and in the companion paper. An anisotropic plastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composite material, is developed, which is simple and efficient to be implemented into computer program for a predictive analysis procedure of composites. In current development of the constitutive model, an incremental elastic-plastic constitutive model is adopted to represent progressively the nonlinear material behavior of composite materials until a material failure is predicted. An anisotropic initial yield criterion is established that includes the effects of different yield strengths in each material direction, and between tension and compression. Anisotropic work-hardening model and subsequent yield surface are developed to describe material behavior beyond the initial yield under the general loading condition. The current model is implemented into a computer code, which is Predictive Analysis for Composite Structures (PACS), and is presented in the companion paper. The accuracy and efficiency of the anisotropic plastic constitutive model are verified by solving a number of various fiber-reinforced composite laminates with and without geometric discontinuity. The comparisons of the numerical results to the experimental and other numerical results available in the literature indicate the validity and efficiency of the developed model.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1991년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-7
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• 1991

Considering the relatively large amount of stable flexural teat results available for steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) and their dependency on the constitutive behavior of the material, a technique called “System Identification” is used for interpretating the flexural test data in order to obtain basic information on the tensile constitutive behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete. “System Identification” was successful in obtaining optimum sets of parameters which provide satisfactory matches between the measured and predicted flexural load-deflection relationships.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2009

The modified Cam clay (MCC) model is used to study the response of virgin compressed clay in undrained compression. The MCC deviatoric stress-strain relationship is obtained in closed form. Elastic and plastic deviatoric strains are taken into account in the analysis. For the determination of the elastic strain components, both a variable shear modulus and constant shear modulus are considered. Constitutive relationships are applied to the well-known London and Weald clays sheared in undrained compression.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.643-660
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• 2013

Reinforced concrete structures are vulnerable to high temperature conditions such as those during a fire. At elevated temperatures, the mechanical properties of concrete and reinforcing steel as well as the bond between steel rebar and concrete may significantly deteriorate. The changes in the bonding behavior may influence the flexibility or the moment capacity of the reinforced concrete structures. The bond strength degradation is required for structural design of fire safety and structural repair after fire. However, the investigation of bonding between rebar and concrete at elevated temperatures is quite difficult in practice. In this study, bond constitutive relationships are developed for normal and high-strength concrete (NSC and HSC) subjected to fire, with the intention of providing efficient modeling and to specify the fire-performance criteria for concrete structures exposed to fire. They are developed for the following purposes at high temperatures: normal and high compressive strength with different type of aggregates, bond strength with different types of embedment length and cooling regimes, bond strength versus to compressive strength with different types of embedment length, and bond stress-slip curve. The proposed relationships at elevated temperature are compared with experimental results.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2010

횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트의 역학적 거동을 예측하기 위해 보통강도 콘크리트의 구성모델을 적용할 경우 연성 거동이 과대평가된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 콘크리트 강도가 증가함에 따라 구속효과에 미치는 영향을 고찰하여 고강도 콘크리트에 적용 가능한 정확한 응력-변형률 관계가 요구된다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트의 강도와 연성 거동에 양향을 미치는 변수들의 회귀분석을 통한 변수별 회귀식을 바탕으로 새로운 횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트의 구성모델이 제안된다. 횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트의 강도 및 초기강성을 나타내는 응력-변형률 곡선의 상승부는 제안된 구성모델과 잘 일치하였고 연성 거동을 나타내는 하강부 곡선은 원형 단면을 가지는 낮은 횡구속 철근의 항복강도 및 철근비일 때 과대평가되었다. 콘크리트 강도를 주요 변수로 하는 제안된 구성모델은 문헌분석을 통한 25개의 횡구속된 고강도 콘크리트 기둥의 실험적 연구와 비교 분석한 결과 콘크리트 압축강도 60~124 MPa 범위에서의 응력-변형률 곡선과 잘 일치되었다.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1991

강섬유 보강 콘크리트(SFRC)의 휨 거동은 재료의 인장 및 압축 응력-변형도에 의존하며 이때 이들은 휨응력시 작용하는 strain gradient의 영향을 받게 된다. SFRC의 경우, 휨 실험은 직인장 실험과 비교하여 볼 때 상대적으로 간편하며 또한 다수의 실험결과가 확보되어 있다. 따라서 이들 휨 실험 결과로부터 SFRC의 기본적 재료 성질인 인장응력-변형도를 유출하는 것은 중요하다고 하겠다. 본 연구의 목적을 위하여 휨 실험 data를 해석하기 위한 "System Identification"방법론이 사용되었으며 그 결과 휨 응력하에서의 SFRC의 인장거동을 설명하는 주요 변수들이 고찰되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.241-261
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• 2013

The bearing mechanism of pile during installation and loading process which controls the deformation and distribution of strain and stress in the soil surrounding pile tip is complex and full of much uncertainty. It is pointed out that particle crushing occurs in significant stress concentrated region such as the area surrounding pile tip. The solution to this problem requires the understanding and modeling of the mechanical behavior of granular soil under high pressures. This study aims to investigate the sand behavior around pile tip considering the characteristics of sand crushing. The numerical analysis of model pile loading test under different surcharge pressure with constitutive model for sand crushing is presented. This constitutive model is capable of predicting the dilatancy of soil from negative to positive under low confining pressure and only negative dilatancy under high confining pressure. The predicted relationships between the normalized bearing stress and normalized displacement are agreeable with the experimental results during the entire loading process. It is estimated from numerical results that the vertical stress beneath pile tip is up to 20 MPa which is large enough to cause sand to be crushed. The predicted distribution area of volumetric strain represents that the distributed area shaped wedge for volumetric contraction is beneath pile tip and distributed area for volumetric expansion is near the pile shaft. It is demonstrated that the finite element formulation incorporating a constitutive model for sand with crushing is capable of producing reasonable results for the pile loading problem.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 사질토의 취성적 응력-변형률 관계와 전단시 체적팽창을 고려할 수 있는 구성모델에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 제안된 모델은 일반등방경화규칙에 의거한 비등방 경화규칙을 적용하였으며, 항복면의 형태는 응력공간에서 원통형으로 나타나는 단순한 형태로 실용적으로 적용하기 편리하도록 하였다. 또한 유동규칙을 단순화하여 구체적인 팽창률 함수를 이용하여 정의하였다. 또한 가상적인 첨두응력비를 정의하여 취성적 응력-변형률 관계를 모델링하는 것이 가능하였다. 이러한 구성모델은 수학적 정식화를 한 후 실험자료와 비교하도록 프로그램을 구현하였다. 동반논문에서는 삼축실험결과와 비교하여 검증할 것이다.