• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1998

This study aims to examine appropriate kinds of pan oil to release a cake from the pan coated with polyether sulphone and to prove the change of acid value and peroxide value during the process of baking. The major factor effecting the rate of release of the cakes from the pan was properties of the oils rather than the additives. The releasing rate appeared higher as the iodine value was lower. The highest releasing rate was found in the sample, which was made of coconut oil plus 2% of wax, 2% of lecithin. The changes of acid value of the pan oil between the beginning and after baking was little different. In contrast, Peroxide value showed a great change after baking.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.770-778
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• 2012

In this study, the effects of intake of Acer mono Max. seed oil, and Magnolia denudata seed oil on the lipid levels of mouse blood were compared to those of commercially available vegetable oils. Five ICR mice were each fed a corn oil, Acer mono Max. seed oil, and Magnolia denudata seed oil supplemented diet for a total of 8 weeks. The serum profiles of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil were high in palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. The saturated fatty acid contents of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil were 3.95% and 0.88%, whereas the unsaturated fatty acid contents were 8.71% and 4.60%, respectively. The liver and spleen weights of mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil were higher than those fed corn oil (p<0.05). Total cholesterol level was highest in mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil (p<0.05), whereas there were no significant changes in the cholesterol levels of mice fed Magnolia denudata seed oil and corn oil. The HDL-cholesterol levels in mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil ($175.80{\pm}27.66mg/d{\ell}$) and in those fed Magnolia denudata seed oil ($145.20{\pm}19.10mg/d{\ell}$) were higher compared to those of mice fed corn oil (p<0.05). In conclusion, there were no significant differences in fatty acid composition between mice fed Acer mono Max. seed oil and Magnolia denudata seed oil. Future study on the antioxidant effects of seed oils should be carried out.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.819-828
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• 1993

The reaction of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are important in cholesterol esterification and transfer for the reverse cholesterol transport(RCT) system. The purpose of this study were to assess the effects of fatty acid unsaturation on RCT system. After 12 female human subjects consumed a prescribed high saturated fat diet prior to the period, two groups of six subjects were provided with a high PUFA(corn oil) or a high SFA(butter) as major fats in a 40 en % fat diet. Butter feeding increased plasma total-(34%), esterified-(96%), HDL_3$-(23%), LDL-(20%), and VLDL plus LDL(35%) cholesterol while corn oil feeding decreased esterified-(25%), LDL(15%) cholesterol and TG(27%). There were significant differences of fats on total-(p=0.0001), esterified-(p=0.0001), total HDL-(p=0.005), $HDL_2$-(p=0.01)and LDL-(p=0.0001) cholesterol. LCAT activity did not change during the period but highly correlated to apo A-I in HDL which was increased in the corn oil group. The 2.5 fold increased CETP activity in the butter group during the period might be related to changes in plasma VLDL plus LDL cholesterol level which were increased in the butter group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of different types of dietary fats and fibers on the concentrations of serum and liver lipids and biochemical index in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks. The experimental groups were divided into three groups; 5% corn oil +5% cellulose (CO group),10% corn oil +10% psyllium husk (CO +PH group) and 10% lard +10% psyllium husk (LA+ PH group). Body weight gain and FER (food efficiency ratio%) decreased significantly in the LA+PH group and decreased slightly in the CO+PH group compared with the CO group. Food intake and tissue weights were not significantly different among the dietary groups. Concentrations of serum total cholesterol decreased significantly in the CO + PH group compared with the CO group, but no significant different in the LA + PH group. Concentrations of serum triglyceride and phospholipid decreased significantly in the CO+PH and the LA+PH groups compared with the CO group. Liver cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased in the LA+PH group compared with the CO and the CO+PH groups. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity was significantly increased in the LA + PH group compared with the CO and the CO + PH groups. However, lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen was significantly decreased in the LA+ PH group compared with the CO and the CO +PH groups. The others biochemical parameters, total protein, albumin, glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase were not significantly different among the dietary groups. These results showed that the lowering effect of dietary psyllium husk on serum lipid concentrations was more pronounced in the corn oil -feeding group than in the lard-feeding group as dietary fat source.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1979

Triglyceride compositions of cottonseed, soybean, sesame, perilla corn and rapeseed oils have been determined by a high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. An optimum condition was obtained by using a ALC/GPC 244 type, from Waters Association, Japan with $\mu$ Bondapak $C_{18}(1/4^{'}\times1^{'})$ column. A similar distribution pattern of triglycerides was found in cottonseed, soybean, sesame, rapeseed and corn oils. It was noted that $C_{40}$, $C_{42}$ and $C_{44}$ were the major components in these seed oils, except perilla oil. The results showed that contents $O_{40}-C_{48}$ triglyceride types in cottonseed, sesame and corn oil were within $2.23{\sim}41.24%$ and $C_{38}-C_{48}$ triglyceride types in soybean oil were within $3.01{\sim}10.02%$ and $C_{34}-C_{46}$ triglyceride types in rapeseed oil were within $2.38{\sim}28.68%$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 1984

The present studies were designed to compare the effects of dietary fat sources and levels on plasma and tissue cholesterol. Changes in plasma total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol concentration in aortas, liver and intestines were determined in young rats fed diets providing dietary fat as corn-oil or butter and levels as 10%, 20% or 30% of calories respectively 1) Plasma total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were little sensitive to the modification of dietary fat sources and levels. 2) Dietary cholesterol increased the levels of plasma total cholesterol and this effect was accentuated by feeding butter. But dietary cholesterol did not increase the levels of HDL-cholesterol in the butter-fed groups, but decreased in the corn-oil-fed groups. 3) Liver cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in rats fed diets of corn-oil than those fed diets of butter. On the contrary, cholesterol concentrations of intestines were significantly higher in the butter-fed groups than the corn-oil-fed groups. However, in aortas, no significant differences were found.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.566-577
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• 1993

The study was to compare the effect of dietary fatty acids on fatty acid profile in tissue and the status of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities at two fat levels. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing average 350g(17 weeks) were fed either low fat(LF, 4.3% w/w, 10% kcal) or high fat(HF, 20.8%, w/w, 40% kcal)diet for 6 weeks. The fats used were beef tallow as a source of saturated fatty acid, corn oil for n-6 linoleic acid, perilla oil for n-3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and fish oil for n-3 eiocosapentatenoic acid(EPA) and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Palsma tocopherol was significantly reduced by fish oil compared to beef tallow at body fat level. However, there was no significant effect on the levels of plasma MDA, RBC MDA and tocopherol, and RBC hempolysis by the type and amount of dietary fat. The peroxidizibility index of fatty acid profile in plasma and liver was increased and liver MDA level was significantly increased by fish oil when dietary fat level was increased. The activities of SOD and GSHPx tended to be increased by perilla oil and fish oil at both fat oil significantly reduced the incorpration of c20:4 and increased the incorporation of c20:5 into liver compared to corn oil. The incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into tissue by perilla oil rich in $\alpha$-linolenic acid was significantly higher tan corn oil and its effect was improved with higher amount of perilla oil in diet by high fat diet. Overall, the lipid peroxidation of tissue could be prevented by tocopherol supplementation when dietary fat level was low in diet. However, at high fat diet, tocopherol supplementation might not be enough to prevent the lipid peroxidation in tissue since the potential for lipid peroxidation was tended to be increased with higher incorporation of higher unsaturated n-3 fatty acids into tissue. Therefore, it could not be recommended to consume large amount of fish oil even with excess amount of tocopherol supplemented to the high fat diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2005

This study is conducted to determine the effects of dietary levels of corn and tuna oils on the formation of preneoplastic lesions in die-thylnitrosamine (DEN) induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 2.5, 5, 15, 25% (w/w) corn or tuna oils. Hepatocellular carcinogenesis was induced by DEN (200 mg/kg body weight) and two-thirds partial hepactectomy was carried out 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. Tuna oil group showed smaller area of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci than com oil group. Com oil group of 25% (w/w) showed the widest area of GST -P positive foci, and tuna oil group showed significantly smaller area of GST-P positive foci than com oil in 25% (w/w) level but had no differences between oil levels. Thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was the highest in 25% (w/w) level of tuna oil group fed long chain and highly polyunsaturated fatty acids. Also serum ${\gamma}$ -glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activities in 25% level of tuna oil group were significantly higher than by other levels. As oil contents increased, glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) seems to decrease in com oil groups but remained the same in tuna oil groups. Glutathione reductase (GR) activities were significantly higher in tuna oil group, and the higher the level of tuna oil, the higher GR activities. But Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities didn't seem to be influenced by levels and kind of dietary fats. Therefore, as oil levels increased, com oil rich in n-6 fatty acids promoted carcinogenesis but tuna oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of n-3 fatty acids suppressed. Although lipid peroxidation products were elevated in 25% (w/w) tuna oil group, GST-P positive foci didn't increase. Therefore pre-neoplastic lesions might be reduced through mediation of a lipid peroxidation process in tuna oil. As fat contents of tuna oil increased, elevated GR activities may give a rise to produce more reduced glutathione in order to protect against free radical attack, and high G6Pase activities remained the same and they contributed to membrane stability. So tuna oil diet seems to protect hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2009

Sesame oils are partially mixed with other vegetable oils due to high price in a Korean market. To find out authentic sesame oil, a mass spectrometer-based electronic nose (MS-based E-nose) was used. Sesame oil (Se) was blended with soybean oil (So) or corn oil (Co) at the ratio (Se:So, Se:Co) of 97:3, 94:6, 91:9, 88:12 and 85:15, respectively. Intensities of each fragment from sesame oil by MS-based E-nose were completely different from those of soybean oil or corn oil. The obtained results were used for discriminant function analysis (DFA). Volatile organic components (VOC) of soybean oil or corn oil were similar to those of fresh air and DFA plot indicated a significant separation of pure sesame oil and pure other oil. The group of the mixed oil was seperated with that of sesame oil in DFA plot and the added amount of soybean oil to sesame oil was correlated with discriminant function first score (DF1). MS based E-nose system could be used as an efficient method to investigate the purity of sesame oil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.511-514
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• 2003

Previously, we reported that a diet including sesame meal (SM) increased plasma total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations in goats. In the present study, the components in the sesame meal that can increase plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations have been examined. In experiment 1, we gave goats defatted sesame meal diet (DSM) to investigate the influence of ether extract fraction remained in sesame meal. Corn gluten meal diet (CGM) was also fed to goats as a high-protein diet to examine the influence of high dietary protein level caused by usage of sesame meal. Plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of goats fed DSM and CGM did not change during experimental periods though they were elevated by feeding SM. In experiment 2, the influence of sesame oil and corn oil added in diets on plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in goats was investigated. Plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by feeding both corn oil diet and sesame oil diet. In conclusion, the increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration by feeding sesame meal was resulted by the effect of ether extract fraction including sesame oil or some lipid-soluble components remained in sesame meal.