• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2013

Objectives: Elevated temperatures during summer months have been reported since the early 20th century to be associated with increased daily mortality. However, future death impacts of high temperatures resulting from climate change could be variously estimated in consideration of the future changes in historical temperature-mortality relationships, mortality, and population. This study examined the future death burden of high temperatures resulting from climate change in Seoul over the period of 2001-2040. Methods: We calculated yearly death burden attributable to high temperatures stemming from climate change in Seoul from 2001-2040. These future death burdens from high temperature were computed by multiplying relative risk, temperature, mortality, and population at any future point. To incorporate adaptation, we assumed future changes in temperature-mortality relationships (i.e. threshold temperatures and slopes), which were estimated as short-term temperature effects using a Poisson regression model. Results: The results show that climate change will lead to a substantial increase in summer high temperature-related death burden in the future, even considering adaptation by the population group. The yearly death burden attributable to elevated temperatures ranged from approximately 0.7 deaths per 100,000 people in 2001-2010 to about 1.5 deaths per 100,000 people in Seoul in 2036-2040. Conclusions: This study suggests that adaptation strategies and communication regarding future health risks stemming from climate change are necessary for the public and for the political leadership of South Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 1995

We developed an experimental model of brain death using dogs. Brain death was caused by increasing the intracranial pressure[ICP suddenly by injecting saline to an epidural Foley catheter in five female mongrel dogs[weight, 20-25Kg .Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes were evaluated continuously during the process of brain death. 1. Abrupt rise of ICP after each injection of saline followed by a rapid decline to a new steady-state level within 15 minutes and the average volume required to induce brain death was 7.6$\pm$0.8ml.2. Body temperature, heart rate, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, left ventricular[LV enddiastolic pressure and cardiac output was not changed significantly during the process of brain death, but there was an increasing tendency.3. Mean arterial pressure and LV maximum +dP/dt increased significantly at the time of brain death.4. Hemodynamic collapse was developed within 140 minutes after brain death.5. Marked sinus bradycardia followed by junctional rhythm was seen in two dogs and frequent VPB`s with ventricular tachycardia was observed in one dog at the time of brain death. Hyperdynamic state develops and arrhythmia appears frequently at the time of brain death. Studies on the effects of brain death on myocardium and its pathophysiologic mechanism should be followed in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.2 s.70
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for establishment of prevention counterplan against construction accidents in preparation for variation of climate conditions. In order to execution of this study, it was analyzed relations of climate factors and cases of construction accident occurred construction sites. In occurrence of construction accidents inducing death upon variation of Climate factors, precipitation and wind velocity were not related directly to construction accidents inducing death. On the other hand, the more temperature and humidity are high, the more construction accidents inducing death occurred. Especially, when temperature and humidity are above $24^{\circ}C,\;70\%$ respectively, field managers must pay attention to safety management of construction sites.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2010

Temperature change has been shown to affect daily mortality even though different analytical methods produce different results. The effect of air pollution on the relationship between the temperature and the mortality is not large, although differences exist between temperature models. The aim of this study was to examine how the temperature change affected the daily mortality in Seoul by comparing the results from the temperature model using two study periods: one from 1994 to 2007 and the other from 1997 to 2007. Generally mean temperature, minimum temperature and Q10 temperature was derived as an optimal model, even though there are differences between age and cause of death. The analysis of threshold using total mortalities in all ages from 1994 to 2007 and from 1997 to 2007 showed that the number of the deaths increased 7.02% (95% CI: 6.06~7.98) and 2.51% (95% CI: 1.83~3.19), respectively as the mean temperature increased $1^{\circ}C$ from a threshold temperature of $27.5^{\circ}C$ and $25.7^{\circ}C$ respectively. These results indicated that the temperature has less effect on the number of death than does an extreme heat wave period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1964

In the treatment of mice Aureomycin, Oil penicillin, Achromycin, Ambrasynth and Terramycin were effective on the Black-leg disease when they were administered about 4 to 5 hours before the death of control animals. Synthomycetin, however, was observed to be effective when administered 8 hours or more before the control death. Streptomycin seemed to be rather less effective than Black leg antiserum. It was not effective at all when given 19 hours before the death of control animal although there was a delay of taking death by 5 hours in the treated group. As was in mice, Streptomycin was little effective in the treatment of calves, while other antibiotics showed fine efficacy on the diseased animals. The diseased animals, when given with anitibiotics 37 hours before the death of control showed the rise of temperature($41^{\circ}C$ or more), swelling and redness on the site of infection and then recovcred to normal stage. In the treatment of calves, Aureomycin only delayed the taking death of the deseased animals by 111 hours when administered 4 hours before the death of control animals. And other antibiotics, when given 4 hours before the death of control animals were effective, although the deseased animls developed symptoms such as hard breathing, anorexia and dropsical swellings. Oil penicillin was observed to be comparatively larger in its efficacy on the treatment of Black leg disease.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2014

Analysis of the cause of death (Statistics Korea) showed that heat wave caused 442 deaths (21 per a year) from 1991 to 2011 in Korea. The number of summer heat-related deaths (heat disorders) increased exponentially as heat wave prolonged. In 1994 when the extreme heat wave prevailed, there were 92 heat-related deaths. Seasonally, heat-related deaths occurred most frequently in early August when air temperature is highest for a year, but it is frequent as well in late July when air temperature increases rapidly after withdrawal of Changma. The frequency of deaths by age has begun to increase from 40s and more than half of total deaths were occurred in the elderly (${\geq}60$). Except retired elderly, the most vulnerable group (job and age) was the elderly agricultural workers and the next was the jobless people in 40 s~50 s, assumed as homeless people. The most vulnerable regions were Hapcheon-gun, Uiryong-gun, and Sanchen-gun, which are inland rural area in Gyeongsang-do where the heat wave occurs most frequently in Korea. The heat-related death rate increased rapidly when air temperature exceeded $33^{\circ}C$ in both of the urban and rural area. Interestingly, the heat-related death were observed in the relatively lower temperature in the cities ($29^{\circ}C$), as compare to the rural area ($31^{\circ}C$).

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.266-280
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• 2021

Since 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has updated regulations on the sulfur content to be less than 0.5% in exhaust gas emitted from ships. Accordingly, the exhaust gas post-treatment device for ships, which is SOx/NOx reduction technology, was introduced. However, the exhaust gas post-treatment device is suffering corrosion because of the harsh corrosive environment formed by sulfate and chlorine oxide through the desulfurization process. In this investigation, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPDP) experiment for UNS S31603 and UNS N08367 was performed in a green death solution that simulates the environment of a desulfurization device. The corrosion rate of UNS S31603 at the highest temperature was about 3 times higher than that of UNS N83067. Also, electron microscope scan revealed corrosion type UNS N83067 presents intergranular corrosion tendency. On the other hand, UNS S31603 was observed as general corrosion. The α values of UNS N08367 at 30 ℃ and 60 ℃ were higher than those of UNS S31603, thus UNS N08367 is considered to have a higher local damage tendency. Whereas, since the α value of UNS S31603 at 90 ℃ is larger than that of UNS N08367, UNS S31603 is considered to have a higher local damage trend.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.460-471
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• 2012

Objectives: Due to global warming resulting from climate change, there has been increasing interest in the relationship between temperature and mortality. These temperature-related deaths depend on diverse conditions related to a given place and person, as well as on time. This study examined changes in the impact of high temperatures on death in summer, using the effect and burden of elevated temperatures on deaths in Seoul and Daegu. Methods: A Poisson regression model was used to estimate short-term temperature effects on mortality. Temperature-related risks were divided into three time periods of equal length (1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2010). In addition, in order to compare the impact of high temperatures on deaths, this study calculated the proportion of attributable deaths to population, which simultaneously considers the threshold and the slope above the threshold. Results: The effect and burden of high temperatures on deaths is high in Daegu. However, the impact (i.e. the effect and burden) of elevated summer temperatures on deaths has declined over the past 15 years. Sensitivity analyses using alternative thresholds show the robustness of these findings. Conclusion: This study suggests that the attributable burden of high temperatures on deaths to be more plausible than relative risk or threshold for comparing the health impact of high temperatures across populations. Moreover, these results contain important implications for the development or the adjustment of present and future strategies and policies for controlling the temperature-related health burden on populations.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.1972-1977
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• 2007

Micro plasma has been recently studied to investigate the effects on various cells. We study a micro-plasma produced by a plasma needle that is operated with RF power and its effects on G361 melanoma cells. The micro plasma size ranges from sub-mm to several mm at a few watts of RF power. For the bio-medical treatment, low-temperature plasma is obtained and gas temperature is controlled within several tens of degrees $(^{\circ}C)$ in order not to disturb cell activities. Elementary spectroscopic studies to obtain plasma characteristics are presented for Ar and He plasma with different frequencies of RF power. Also the preliminary results of the micro plasma effects on G361 melanoma cells are presented. It was observed that the irradiation of micro plasma induces cell death through the deprivation of tyrosine phosphorylation in the G361 cells.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.747-755
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• 2011

This study was investigated the relationship between the temperature and the mortality of aged (${\geq}65$ yr) during the winter seasons from 1992 to 2007 in Seoul, Korea by utilizing climate data and death records. The study also estimated the future risks by employing the projections of the population in Seoul, Korea and climate change scenario of Korea from 2011 to 2030. The limitation of this study was the impossibility in the prediction of daily mortality counts. Therefore, daily death numbers could be predicted based on the future population projection for Korea and the death records of 2005. The result indicated that risks increased by 0.27%, 0.52%, 0.32% and 0.41% in association with the $1^{\circ}C$ decrease in daily minimum temperature from the mortality counts of total, respiratory, cardiovascular, and cardiorespiratory in the past date while 0.31%, 0.42%, 0.59% and 0.66% in the future. Based on the results obtained from this study, it is concluded that the risk in the future will be higher than the past date although there is an uncertainty in estimating death counts in the future.