• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 1999

FCM(Fuzzy Cognitive Map) is proposed for representing causal reasoning. Its structure allows systematic causal reasoning through a forward inference. Authors have already proposed a diagnostic system based on FCM to utilized to identify the true origin of fault by on-line pattern diagnosis. In FCM based fault diagnosis, Temporal Associative Memories (TAM) recall of FCM is utilized to identify the true origin of fault by on-line pattern match where predicted pattern sequences obtained from TAM recall of fault FCM models are compared with actually observed ones. In engineering processes, the propagation delays are induced by the dynamics of processes and may vary with variables involved. However, disregarding such propagation delays in FCM-based fault diagnosis may lead to erroneous diagnostic results. To solve the problem, a concept of FTCM(Fuzzy Time Cognitive Map) is introduced into FCM-based fault diagnosis in this work. Expecially, translation method of FTCM makes it possible to diagnose the fault for some discrete time. Simulation studies through two-tank system is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic scheme.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4723-4727
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• 2016

Background: There are substantial differences in the mortality rates of stomach cancer among the 47 prefectures in Japan, and Aomori prefecture is one of the most severely impacted. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and mortality rates of stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture in comparison with Japan as a whole and cast light on reasons underlying variation. Methods: Data on stomach cancer cases were extracted from the Aomori Cancer Registry Database. Incidence rates for specific stages at the time of diagnosis were cited from Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan, and mortality rates for stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture and the whole of Japan were obtained from Vital Statistics. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the direct method. Results: The age-standardised incidence rate of stomach cancer in Aomori prefecture was higher than in the whole of Japan for males but lower for females. However, the age-standardised mortality rates were higher in Aomori prefecture in both sexes. The proportion of localised cancers was lower in Aomori prefecture than in the whole of Japan for most age groups. Conclusions: The lower rate for localised cancer suggests that higher age-standardised mortality rates are due to delays in diagnosis, despite an attendance rate for stomach cancer screening was higher in Aomori prefecture than in the whole of Japan. One plausible explanation for the failure of successful early detection might be poor quality control during screening implementation that impedes early detection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.3
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• pp.134-142
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• 2016

In recent years, in spite of medical advancement, tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide health problem. Although many laboratory methods have been developed to expedite the diagnosis of TB, delays in diagnosis remain a major problem in the clinical practice. Because of the slow growth rate of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolation, identification, and drug susceptibility testing of this organism and other clinically important mycobacteria can take several weeks or longer. During the past several years, many methods have been developed for direct detection, species identification, and drug susceptibility testing of TB. A good understanding of the effectiveness and practical limitations of these methods is important to improve diagnosis. This review summarizes the currently-used advances in non-molecular and molecular diagnostics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.154-157
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• 2003

In order for testing faults of combinatorial logic circuit, the authors have developed a new diagnosis method: "Neural Network (NN) fault diagnosis", based on fm error back propagation functions. This method has proved the capability to test gate faults of wider range including so called SSA (single stuck-at) faults, without assuming neither any set of test data nor diagnosis dictionaries. In this paper, it is further shown that what kind of fault models can be detected in the NN fault diagnosis, and the simply modified one can extend to test delay faults, e.g. logic hazard as long as the delays are confined to those due to gates, not to signal lines.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2016

Purpose: To study whether breastfeeding and breastfeeding status during gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). In addition to study, whether the timing of gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of CD. Methods: It was a hospital based observational study. Total 198 patients diagnosed with CD as per modified European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (2012) criteria, aged between 6 months to 6 years were included. Detail history taken with special emphasis on breastfeeding and age of gluten introduction. Standard statistical methods used to analyze the data. Results: $Mean{\pm}standard$ deviation age of onset and diagnosis of CD in breastfed cases was $2.81{\pm}1.42$ years and $3.68{\pm}1.55$ years respectively as compared to $1.84{\pm}1.36$ years and $2.70{\pm}1.65$ years respectively in not breastfed cases (p<0.05). Those who had continued breastfeeding during gluten introduction and of longer duration had significantly delayed onset of disease. The age at onset of CD was under one year in 40.42% of the cases, who had started gluten before 6 months of age compared to only 12.58% of those who had started gluten later (p<0.001). The proposed statistical model showed that two variables, i.e., breast feeding status during gluten introduction and age at gluten introduction positively influencing the age at diagnosis of CD. Conclusion: Delayed gluten introduction to infant's diet along with continuing breastfeeding, delays symptomatic CD. However, it is not clear from our study that these infant feeding practices provide permanent protection against the disease or merely delays the symptoms.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

In patients with a language developmental delay, it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), specific language impairment, and mental retardation. It is important that pediatricians recognize the signs and symptoms of ASDs, as many patients with language developmental delays are ultimately diagnosed with ASDs. Pediatricians play an important role in the early recognition of ASDs, because they are usually the first point of contact for children with ASDs. A revision of the diagnostic criteria of ASDs was proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) that was released in May 2013. The autism spectrum describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the fifth edition of the DSM. The new diagnostic criteria encompasses previous elements from the diagnosis of autistic disorder, Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified. An additional change to the DSM includes synthesizing the section on social and communication deficits into one domain. In ASD patients, the appropriate behavioral therapies and rehabilitation treatments significantly affect the prognosis. Therefore, this makes early diagnosis and treatment very important. In conclusion, pediatricians need to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of ASDs and be attentive to them in order to make an early diagnosis and provide treatment.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2021

Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, predominantly the parotid and lacrimal glands, thereby resulting in oral and ocular dryness. It has been reported to occur most frequently in women between 40 and 50 years of age. Sjögren syndrome has an insidious onset, is slowly progressive, and presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, leading to delays or challenges in the diagnosis. Early diagnosis of this condition is essential to prevent the associated complications that affect patients' quality of life. This report presents 3 cases of Sjögren syndrome in female patients aged between 40 and 75 years who presented with complaints of persistent dry mouth and burning sensation. The cases highlight the diagnostic value of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomographic sialography in the detection of salivary gland pathologies at an early stage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.198-201
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• 2003

The R.C Building will be superannuated as time passes. This program is generated by propagation of cracks. In order to manage such cracks, time and efforts, expense, etc. are required. In this study, glass sensors were embedding in a model beam and column and leakage of fluorescence and adhesive material was investigated. Further, currents in glass pipe were observed to find the leakage of liquid in glass pipes. Progressive cracks generated by cause the fracture of glass pipes. Therefore, the liquid become to flow and electric current stops, and the cracked part of the member can be found easily. Moreover, the adhesive delays progressive cracking system that responds in air, and the life of a structure can be made to extend. The purpose of this research is to develop of low price sensors that can perform of self-diagnosis in addition to ability of concrete repair concrete to damage.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2010

Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly referred to as acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as the sudden impairment of kidney function (estimated from the glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) that results in the lack of excretion of waste products. More than 30 definitions of AKI exist in the literature, most of which are based on serum creatinine. Lack of a uniform and multidimensional AKI definition has led to failure to recognize significant renal injury, delays in treatment, and inability to generalize single-study results. The RIFLE criteria were developed to standardize the diagnosis of ARF and in the process the term AKI has been proposed to encompass the entire spectrum of the syndrome from minor changes in renal function to requirement for renal replacement therapy. Large prospective studies are needed to test definitions and to better understand risk factors, incidence, independent outcomes, and mechanisms that lead to poor short- and long-term outcomes. Early biomarkers of AKI need to be explored in critically ill neonates.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.947-950
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• 1999

Tracheal neurilemoma, an extremely rare benign tracheal tumor that there has been only one case reported in 1996 throughout the nation, is a slowly progressing disease that obliterates the upper airway, delays diagnosis for its symptom similarity to asthma, and makes intubation for operation difficult. Bronchoscopic is therefore needed for diagnosis. There are two options for the treatment methods, a bronchoscopic resection or open surgical resection; however if intubation is difficult, then the bronchoscopic resection is used first to keep the airway open for the surgical resection. In this case, the severe tracheal stenosis impeding intubation made the surgical resection of the primary tracheal neurilemoma with extratracheal mass impossible; therefore, bronchoscopic laser resection was applied first to optain the airway passage for endotracheal intubation, followed by a successful open surgical resection.