• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.67-85
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• 2014

This study compares and analyzes the fashion industry of Korea with that of China and Japan, the two countries geographically and culturally adjacent to Korea, by applying the generalized double diamond model to find useful measures to strengthen the global competitiveness of the Korean fashion industry. The fashion industries of Korea, China and Japan were first compared in terms of the four determinants of the double diamond model: thereafter, the double diamond model of Korea, China and Japan were compared. In this, study 31 sub-variables were extracted to measure the eight determinants and secondary data were collected from selected sources between January 2013 and May 2014. The results of comparing the domestic diamond models showed that: China is considerably better than Korea and Japan in terms of demand conditions, firm strategy, organization, and competition conditions while Japan is superior in terms of demand conditions and Korea shows better related and supporting industries conditions. When comparing and analyzing the international diamond models, Japan is superior in terms of factor conditions and China has better demand conditions, while Korea has failed to lead in any of the four determinants. When comparing and analyzing the comprehensive diamond model per country, China show superior demand conditions and firm strategy, organization, and competition conditions, Japan has better factor conditions, and Korea shows superior related and supporting industries conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 2014

Small and medium-sized local airports have suffered from chronic operating deficits due to many factors except for large airports in Incheon, Gimpo, Jeju and Gimhae. These small and medium-sized local airports have currently been degraded to inefficient airports handling the significantly lower airline demand than their carrying capacities. In this context, this study conducted a survey on the actual conditions of the airline demand in small and medium-sized local airports for the last 10 years after the opening of the Korea Train eXpress and investigated the causes and actual conditions of an increase and a decrease in the airline demand. In addition, it analyzed the functionality, convenience and economic feasibility, competition elements in comparison with other means of transportation, and the actual competitive conditions of local airports. It investigated facility improvements through a field visit for local airports and analyzed the performance rate of passenger demands and the use rate of terminal facilities according to a change in the airline demand. This study aimed to provide basic data in the architectural planning field, needed to establish a plan for the airport revitalization of local airports with the results of an analysis on the actual conditions of small and medium-sized local airports.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2023

The need for improvement is raised due to limitations with environmental impact assessment, and the importance for data-based environmental impact assessment is increasing. In this study, data demand was derived by analyzing Agreed Terms and Conditions in the Water Environment field (Water Quality, Hydraulic & Hydrologic Conditions, and Marine Environment) of environmental impact assessment. Agreed Terms and Conditions on environmental impact assessment in the water environment field were classified and categorized by environmental impact assessment stage (addition to status survey, impact prediction and evaluation, establishment of reduction measures, post-environmental impact survey), and data demand for each type of consultation opinion was linked. As a result of the categorization of Agreed Terms and Conditions, it was classified into 18 types in the water quality, 15 types in the hydraulic & hydrologic conditions, and 17 types in the marine environment. As a result of linking data demand, the total number of data demand was 236 in the water quality, 98 in the hydraulic & hydrologic conditions, and 73 in the marine environment. The highest number of Agreed Terms and Conditions and data demands were found in the water quality for the evaluation item and establishment of reduction measures, specifically establishment of non-point source pollution reduction measures, for the stage. The numbers were judged to be linked to the relative importance of the items and the primary purpose of environmental impact assessment. The derivation of data demand through the analysis of Agreed Terms and Conditions in the environmental impact assessment can contribute to the advancement of the preparation of environmental impact assessment reports and is expected to increase data utilization by various decision-makers by establishing a systematic database.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2008

A bid-based pool(BBP) model is representative of energy market structure in a number of restructured electricity markets. Supply function equilibrium(SFE) models of interaction better match what is explicitly required in the bid formats of typical BBP markets. Many of the results in the SFE literature involve restrictive parametrization of the bid cost functions. In the SFE models, two parameters, intercept and slope, are available for strategic bidding. This paper addresses the realistic competition format that players can choose both parameters arbitrarily. In a fixed demand function, equilibrium conditions for generation company's profit maximization have a degree of freedom, which induces multi-equilibrium. So it is hard to choose a convergent equilibrium. However, consideration of stochastic demand function makes the equilibrium conditions independent each other based on the amount of variance of stochastic demand function. This variance provides the bidding players with incentives to change the slope parameter from an equilibrium for a fixed demand function until the slope parameter equilibrium.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2019

The study examines how business conditions, demand conditions and the role of government can influence the development of batik clusters in Pekalongan. This research is expected to be able to provide recommendations for both employers and local governments in order to help in optimizing the development of batik clusters. The research applied a quantitative research by engaging multiple regression analysis as an effort to understand the effect of the relationship between independent and dependent variables. In addition, this research was conducted in three largest batik clusters in Pekalongan, Indonesia namely batik cluster of Pasindon, Kauman, and Jenggot. These results indicate that business conditions positively affect the batik clusters development. It implies that the greater both business conditions in a cluster will lead the better the development. Indeed, the demand conditions also have an impact on the cluster development. This finding remarked that demand conditions are variable that need to be considered to development of batik cluster. Lastly, Government's role is confirmed that positively related to the Development of Batik Clusters. It implies that the more active the government's role in a cluster will have a good impact on the development of the cluster in certain area.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.50-57
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• 1999

This study was carried out to compare a conventional alkaline flotation deinking conditions with neutral deinking conditions with and without enzyme addition with respect to the ink removal efficiency and theflotation deinking filtrate quality such as chemical oxygen demand, cationic demand, suspended solids. Based on ink removal rate the neutral deinking condition without enzyme was better than the alkaline deinking condition, and the neutral deinking with enzyme addition turned out to be the best. The brightness of the deinked pulp was found to be the same trend as the ink removal rate. Flotation reject rate for the neutral deinking condition without enzyme was higher than that of the alkaline deinking condition, but that of the neutral deinking condition with enzyme was lower than that of the alkaline and the neutral deinking condition without enzyme. On the freeness of the deinked pulp, the neutral deinking condition with enzyme had the highest value and the alkaline deinking condition had the lowest value among the conditions tested. On the filtrate of the flotation stage, the cationic polymer demand of the neutral deinking condition with enzyme was much lower than the other conditions. Suspended solids and chemical exygen demand for the neutral flotation deinking filtrate was lower than those of the alkaline flotation deinking filtrate.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

Recently, small and medium-sized hospitals which are located in rural areas have many difficulties in securing high quality nurses. That is because working environments for nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas are poor compared with those of big hospitals in urban. As a result, the migration of nurses from small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas to big hospitals in urban is continuously happening. In general, big hospitals provide nurses with high level of salary and fringe benefits. To prevent the migration of nurses, chief executive officers of small & medium hospitals in rural areas have been interested in improving nurses' working conditions including wages. Also, they have raised nurses' salary and improved working conditions. But, basically these individualized efforts have some limit. In connection with this, medical interest groups have produced various voices in terms of interpretation and solutions for these issues. However, from the future perspectives, it seems evident that two approaches for both manpower supply and demand plans of nurses are necessary. They should contain not only accurate estimation of the supply-demand of nursing manpower but also the improvement of working conditions and wages of nurses. Estimation of nursing manpower supply-demand depends on the standards and criteria being used. Supply and demand may be met or not in accordance with the points emphasized on the decision. In the articles, issues regarding nursing manpower, levels of salary, other working conditions and social support system for child care are discussed. According to Joe's report (2005), most health institutions did not meet the guidelines of nurse staffing in Medical Law. The wages of nurse vary on every hospital and there is a big difference in wages' range. The average starting salary for a nurse is 22 million won a year. In case of tertiary hospitals, it reaches up to 30 million won a year. Nurse as a profession should have a strong responsibility and should take care of the patients for 24 hours with three working shifts. Also, most of them are female who have the burden of child rearing. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the salary, to provide comfortable working conditions, and to have social support system for nurses with household affairs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.117-126
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference of working mothers' work-child rearing strain and their demand on special care services according to each mother's work conditions and childcare situation. 477 working mothers who have only one child each were gathered by the use of the purposive quota sampling method and analyzed with t-test, F-test, correlation, and multiple regression. The main results showed that working mothers had high work-child rearing strain and demand on special care services when their working conditions were inflexible and they were not satisfied with the care services for their child. The major variable which explained working mothers' demand on special care services was e their work-child rearing strain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.37-40
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• 2002

It is to show the problems of the existing techniques to estimate agricultural water demand and to suggest the new methods considering the water demand for non-irrigated area and decrease of water loss in canal. It is to suggest the methods to improve the techniques for estimating agricultural water demand and to analyze the water demand and supply according to the facilities capacity. Until now, the concept of per the unit used to estimate agriculture water demand is useful to estimate demand, but is insufficient to cope with the variations of conditions in future. And the paddy area of government is not realistic against a trend of decrease. Water demand decrease is caused by constructions of irrigation facilities as constructing of irrigation canal, but application loss ratio is fixed. Increase of the water demand owing to the increase of the yield per the unit area is also the actual condition which is not considered. The guide-line must contain these contents for a demand estimate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.144-144
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• 2021

The rapid urbanization in many Asian countries has taken millions of people from the rural countryside to concentrated megacities, which eventually putting pressure on the existing water resources. The over-growing population and increasing living standard of people in the urban region of developed as well as developing countries such as Korea, China, Japan and India have witnessed a drastic change in terms of domestic water demand for the past few decades. In this study, we used the concept of potential surface water availability in the form of surface runoff for future vulnerability assessment. We focused on 42 megacities having population more than 5 million as per the United Nations (UN) census data 2020. The study shows that 30 out of 42 cities having more than 180L/p/d demand for domestic use based on various references. We have predicted the domestic water demand for all the cities on the basis of current per capita demand up to 2035 using UN projected population data. We found that the projected water demand in megacities such as Seoul, Busan, Shanghai, Ghuanzou are increasing because of high population as well as GDP growth rate. On the contrary, megacities of Japan considered in our stud shows less water demand in future due to decreasing trend of population. As per the past records provided by the local municipalities/authorities, we projected different scenarios based on the future supply for various megacities such as Chennai, Delhi, Karachi, Mumbai, Shanghai, Wuhan, etc. We found that the supply to demand ratio of these cities would be below 75% for future period and if such trend continues then the inhabitants will face serious water stress conditions. Outcomes of this study would help the local policy makers to adopt sustainable initiatives on urban water governance to avoid the severe water stress conditions in the vulnerable megacities.